See 論證 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "论证",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "論證",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"proof (the process of proving or establishing the truth or validity of a statement); demonstration"
],
"id": "en-論證-zh-noun-LqLzluyH",
"links": [
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zuǒzhèng",
"word": "佐證"
},
{
"roman": "zuǒzhèng",
"word": "佐证"
},
{
"roman": "lìzhèng",
"word": "例證"
},
{
"roman": "lìzhèng",
"word": "例证"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "信"
},
{
"english": "reliable evidence",
"roman": "xìnjù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "信據"
},
{
"english": "reliable evidence",
"roman": "xìnjù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "信据"
},
{
"english": "strong evidence",
"roman": "lìzhèng",
"word": "力證"
},
{
"english": "strong evidence",
"roman": "lìzhèng",
"word": "力证"
},
{
"roman": "yìnzhèng",
"word": "印證"
},
{
"roman": "yìnzhèng",
"word": "印证"
},
{
"english": "concrete evidence",
"roman": "shízhèng",
"word": "實證"
},
{
"english": "concrete evidence",
"roman": "shízhèng",
"word": "实证"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "干證"
},
{
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "憑"
},
{
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "凭"
},
{
"roman": "píngxìn",
"word": "憑信"
},
{
"roman": "píngxìn",
"word": "凭信"
},
{
"roman": "píngjù",
"word": "憑據"
},
{
"roman": "píngjù",
"word": "凭据"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "憑條"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凭条"
},
{
"roman": "píngzhèng",
"word": "憑證"
},
{
"roman": "píngzhèng",
"word": "凭证"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "據"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "据"
},
{
"roman": "zhèng",
"word": "證"
},
{
"roman": "zhèng",
"word": "证"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngjù",
"word": "證據"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngjù",
"word": "证据"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngmíng",
"word": "證明"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngmíng",
"word": "证明"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"literary"
],
"word": "證見"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"literary"
],
"word": "证见"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnzhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ zing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun-chṳn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lūn-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnzhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnjhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-chêng⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-jèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennjenq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньчжэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹčžɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn jing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ dzing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ jing³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² t͡sɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun-chṳn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun ziin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴ zin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-tsìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnzexng"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² t͡sɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "论证",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "論證",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 49 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 49 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "lùnzhènghuì",
"word": "論證會"
},
{
"roman": "lùnzhènghuì",
"word": "论证会"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to expound and prove; to demonstrate (through argument)"
],
"id": "en-論證-zh-verb-4dIluPkc",
"links": [
[
"expound",
"expound"
],
[
"prove",
"prove"
],
[
"demonstrate",
"demonstrate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnzhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ zing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun-chṳn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lūn-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnzhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnjhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-chêng⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-jèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennjenq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньчжэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹčžɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn jing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ dzing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ jing³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² t͡sɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun-chṳn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun ziin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴ zin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-tsìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnzexng"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² t͡sɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "論證",
"ruby": [
[
"論",
"ろん"
],
[
"證",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ronshō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ronsyou",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ろんしよう",
"roman": "ronsyou",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ろんしょう",
"hhira": "ろんしよう"
},
"expansion": "論(ろん)證(しょう) • (ronshō) ^(←ろんしよう (ronsyou)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "proof, demonstration",
"word": "論証"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyūjitai form of 論証 (“proof, demonstration”)"
],
"id": "en-論證-ja-noun-PfIuLy8x",
"links": [
[
"Kyūjitai",
"kyūjitai"
],
[
"論証",
"論証#Japanese"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ronjeung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "론증",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "론증",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "論證 • (ronjeung) (hangeul 론증)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "proof; demonstration",
"word": "론증"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 론증 (“proof; demonstration”)"
],
"id": "en-論證-ko-noun-HT343EDc",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"론증",
"론증#Korean"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "nonjeung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "논증",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "논증",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "論證 • (nonjeung) (hangeul 논증)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "proof; demonstration",
"word": "논증"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 논증 (“proof; demonstration”)"
],
"id": "en-論證-ko-noun-uBJ0A8QB",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"논증",
"논증#Korean"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "論證",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "論證",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of luận chứng (“proof; demonstration”)."
],
"id": "en-論證-vi-noun-CLV2rygz",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"luận chứng",
"luận chứng#Vietnamese"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
]
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 論",
"Chinese terms spelled with 證",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "论证",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "論證",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"proof (the process of proving or establishing the truth or validity of a statement); demonstration"
],
"links": [
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnzhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ zing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun-chṳn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lūn-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnzhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnjhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-chêng⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-jèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennjenq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньчжэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹčžɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn jing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ dzing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ jing³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² t͡sɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun-chṳn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun ziin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴ zin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-tsìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnzexng"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² t͡sɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zuǒzhèng",
"word": "佐證"
},
{
"roman": "zuǒzhèng",
"word": "佐证"
},
{
"roman": "lìzhèng",
"word": "例證"
},
{
"roman": "lìzhèng",
"word": "例证"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "信"
},
{
"english": "reliable evidence",
"roman": "xìnjù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "信據"
},
{
"english": "reliable evidence",
"roman": "xìnjù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "信据"
},
{
"english": "strong evidence",
"roman": "lìzhèng",
"word": "力證"
},
{
"english": "strong evidence",
"roman": "lìzhèng",
"word": "力证"
},
{
"roman": "yìnzhèng",
"word": "印證"
},
{
"roman": "yìnzhèng",
"word": "印证"
},
{
"english": "concrete evidence",
"roman": "shízhèng",
"word": "實證"
},
{
"english": "concrete evidence",
"roman": "shízhèng",
"word": "实证"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "干證"
},
{
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "憑"
},
{
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "凭"
},
{
"roman": "píngxìn",
"word": "憑信"
},
{
"roman": "píngxìn",
"word": "凭信"
},
{
"roman": "píngjù",
"word": "憑據"
},
{
"roman": "píngjù",
"word": "凭据"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "憑條"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "凭条"
},
{
"roman": "píngzhèng",
"word": "憑證"
},
{
"roman": "píngzhèng",
"word": "凭证"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "據"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "据"
},
{
"roman": "zhèng",
"word": "證"
},
{
"roman": "zhèng",
"word": "证"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngjù",
"word": "證據"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngjù",
"word": "证据"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngmíng",
"word": "證明"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngmíng",
"word": "证明"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"literary"
],
"word": "證見"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"literary"
],
"word": "证见"
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 論",
"Chinese terms spelled with 證",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "lùnzhènghuì",
"word": "論證會"
},
{
"roman": "lùnzhènghuì",
"word": "论证会"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "论证",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "論證",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to expound and prove; to demonstrate (through argument)"
],
"links": [
[
"expound",
"expound"
],
[
"prove",
"prove"
],
[
"demonstrate",
"demonstrate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnzhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁶ zing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun-chṳn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lūn-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnzhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lùnjhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴-chêng⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lwùn-jèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "luennjenq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "луньчжэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹčžɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "leuhn jing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁶ dzing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁶ jing³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² t͡sɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun-chṳn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun ziin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lun⁴ zin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lūn-tsìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "luxnzexng"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²² t͡sɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "論證",
"ruby": [
[
"論",
"ろん"
],
[
"證",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ronshō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ronsyou",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ろんしよう",
"roman": "ronsyou",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ろんしょう",
"hhira": "ろんしよう"
},
"expansion": "論(ろん)證(しょう) • (ronshō) ^(←ろんしよう (ronsyou)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "proof, demonstration",
"word": "論証"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyūjitai form of 論証 (“proof, demonstration”)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kyūjitai",
"kyūjitai"
],
[
"論証",
"論証#Japanese"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ronjeung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "론증",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "론증",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "論證 • (ronjeung) (hangeul 론증)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean hanja forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "proof; demonstration",
"word": "론증"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 론증 (“proof; demonstration”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"론증",
"론증#Korean"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "nonjeung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "논증",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "논증",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "論證 • (nonjeung) (hangeul 논증)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean hanja forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "proof; demonstration",
"word": "논증"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 논증 (“proof; demonstration”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"논증",
"논증#Korean"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "論證",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "論證",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of luận chứng (“proof; demonstration”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"luận chứng",
"luận chứng#Vietnamese"
],
[
"proof",
"proof"
],
[
"demonstration",
"demonstration"
]
]
}
],
"word": "論證"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 論證 meaning in All languages combined (11.8kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"論證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "論證",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"論證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "論證",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"論證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "論證",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"論證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "論證",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"論證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "論證",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"論證"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "論證",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"論證"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "論證",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.