See 蝦夷 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "蝦夷",
"tr": "Emishi, Ezo"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 蝦夷 (Emishi, Ezo)",
"name": "obor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 蝦夷 (Emishi, Ezo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "虾夷",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "蝦蛦"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "蝦夷共和國"
},
{
"word": "虾夷共和国"
},
{
"roman": "xiāyícōng",
"word": "蝦夷蔥"
},
{
"roman": "xiāyícōng",
"word": "虾夷葱"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Emishi (ancient ethnic group living in eastern Japan)"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-zh-noun-be2qUOlQ",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient#English"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group#English"
],
[
"living",
"live#Verb"
],
[
"east",
"east#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiāyí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚ ㄧˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa¹ ji⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiāyí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siayí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia¹-i²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syā-yí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiayi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сяи"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjai"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hā yìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa¹ ji⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha¹ yi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/"
}
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Ezo Land",
"roman": "Ezochi, broadly, Hokkaidō, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
]
],
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "蝦夷地"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "red Ezo; Akaezo, Japanese term for Russian in the Kuril Islands",
"ruby": [
[
"赤",
"あか"
],
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
]
],
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "赤蝦夷"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ezo"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "エンチウ"
},
"expansion": "Ainu エンチウ",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蝦夷"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First cited in the 久安百首 (Kyūan Hyaku Shu, “Hundred Songs of the Kyūan Era”) of 1153.\nThere are conflicting theories regarding the derivation of the term Ezo. The Daijirin, Shinmeikai, and Gakken dictionaries all suggest that Ezo may be a borrowing from Ainu エンチウ, enciw (“person; people, humanity”), presumably via a phonological shift somewhat like the below:\n: /ent͡siw/ → */ent͡ʃiu/ → */ent͡ʃu/ → */end͡ʑu/ → /ezo/\nThe Kokugo Dai Jiten dictionary instead derives synonymous reading Emishi from enciw, but the phonological shifts required for such a derivation seem unlikely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ezo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "^えぞ"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えぞ) • (Ezo)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 16 11 14 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 19 12 20 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 18 11 13 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 25 12 8 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 9 19 11 13 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 18 11 13 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 13 12 14 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 12 15 12 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"those people living in the northeast of Japan, regardless of ethnicity, with customs and culture and government that differ from the central Japanese imperial state"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ja-noun-VxGgWVRk",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"ethnicity",
"ethnicity"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) those people living in the northeast of Japan, regardless of ethnicity, with customs and culture and government that differ from the central Japanese imperial state"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 16 11 14 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 19 12 20 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 18 11 13 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 13 12 14 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 12 15 12 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In Tsugaro where the Ezo live, the fields are abloom with clover; by now they will be setting up wooden trees, brocaded with desire.",
"ref": "1153, Kyūan Hyakushu (poem 34 by Fujiwara no Chikataka)",
"roman": "Ezo ga sumu Tsugaro-no-nobe no hagi sakari koya nishikigi no taterunaruran",
"ruby": [
[
"住",
"す"
],
[
"津",
"つ"
],
[
"軽",
"がろ"
],
[
"野辺",
"のべ"
],
[
"萩盛",
"はぎさか"
],
[
"錦",
"にしき"
],
[
"木",
"ぎ"
],
[
"立",
"た"
]
],
"text": "えぞが住む津軽の野辺の萩盛りこや錦木の立てるなるらん"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived in what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ja-noun-64KRXLZd",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"関東",
"関東#Japanese"
],
[
"北陸",
"北陸#Japanese"
],
[
"東北",
"東北#Japanese"
],
[
"regions",
"regions"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) an ancient ethnic group that once lived in what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "蝦夷"
},
{
"word": "夷"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Ezo matsu): Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis)",
"word": "蝦夷松"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 16 11 14 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 19 12 20 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 18 11 13 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 13 12 14 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 12 15 12 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"short for 蝦夷松 (Ezo matsu): Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis)"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ja-noun-anxIUxUv",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"蝦夷松",
"蝦夷松#Japanese"
],
[
"Yezo spruce",
"Yezo spruce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) short for 蝦夷松 (Ezo matsu): Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis)"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えぞ"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞zo̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Ezo",
"3": "Yezo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Ezo, Yezo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Ezo, Yezo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ezo"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "エンチウ"
},
"expansion": "Ainu エンチウ",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蝦夷"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First cited in the 久安百首 (Kyūan Hyaku Shu, “Hundred Songs of the Kyūan Era”) of 1153.\nThere are conflicting theories regarding the derivation of the term Ezo. The Daijirin, Shinmeikai, and Gakken dictionaries all suggest that Ezo may be a borrowing from Ainu エンチウ, enciw (“person; people, humanity”), presumably via a phonological shift somewhat like the below:\n: /ent͡siw/ → */ent͡ʃiu/ → */ent͡ʃu/ → */end͡ʑu/ → /ezo/\nThe Kokugo Dai Jiten dictionary instead derives synonymous reading Emishi from enciw, but the phonological shifts required for such a derivation seem unlikely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ezo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "えぞ"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えぞ) • (Ezo)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Ezochi): collective name for Hokkaido (mostly), the Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin before the Meiji period",
"word": "蝦夷地"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 16 11 14 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 19 12 20 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 18 11 13 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 13 12 14 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 12 15 12 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"赤",
"あか"
],
[
"蛙",
"がえる"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo akagaeru",
"word": "蝦夷赤蛙"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"貽",
"い"
],
[
"貝",
"がい"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo igai",
"word": "蝦夷貽貝"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"磯",
"いそ"
],
[
"蜆",
"しじみ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo isoshijimi",
"word": "蝦夷磯蜆"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鼬",
"いたち"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo itachi",
"word": "蝦夷鼬"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"板",
"い"
],
[
"屋",
"たや"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo itaya",
"word": "蝦夷板屋"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"岩",
"いわ"
],
[
"魚",
"な"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo iwana",
"word": "蝦夷岩魚"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"芋",
"いも"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo imo",
"word": "蝦夷芋"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"狼",
"おおかみ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo ōkami",
"word": "蝦夷狼"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-garashi",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"芥",
"がら"
],
[
"子",
"し"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷芥子"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"萱",
"かん"
],
[
"草",
"ぞう"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo kanzō",
"word": "蝦夷萱草"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo Kanrei",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"管",
"かん"
],
[
"領",
"れい"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷管領"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-giku",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"菊",
"ぎく"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷菊"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"金",
"きん"
],
[
"霊",
"れい"
],
[
"花",
"か"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo kinreika",
"word": "蝦夷金霊花"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"久",
"く"
],
[
"保",
"ぼ"
],
[
"貝",
"がい"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo kubogai",
"word": "蝦夷久保貝"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-zanshō",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"山",
"ざん"
],
[
"椒",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷山椒"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"山",
"さん"
],
[
"椒",
"しょう"
],
[
"魚",
"うお"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo sanshōuo",
"word": "蝦夷山椒魚"
},
{
"roman": "Ezoshi",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"志",
"し"
],
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鹿",
"しか"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo shika",
"word": "蝦夷志 * 蝦夷鹿"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"蝶",
"ちょう"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo shirochō",
"word": "蝦夷白蝶"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"根",
"ね"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo shirone",
"word": "蝦夷白根"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"透",
"すかし"
],
[
"百合",
"ゆり"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo sukashiyuri",
"word": "蝦夷透百合"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"砂",
"すな"
],
[
"海星",
"ひとで"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo sunahitode",
"word": "蝦夷砂海星"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"桷",
"ずみ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo zumi",
"word": "蝦夷桷"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"菫",
"すみれ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo sumire",
"word": "蝦夷菫"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-zemi",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"蝉",
"ぜみ"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷蝉"
},
{
"word": "蝦夷仙入"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ezo sennyū",
"word": "蝦夷潜入"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo Daikan",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
],
[
"官",
"かん"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷代官"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"狸",
"たぬき"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo tanuki",
"word": "蝦夷狸"
},
{
"roman": "Ezochi",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷地",
"えぞち"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷地"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"梅雨",
"つゆ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo tsuyu",
"word": "蝦夷梅雨"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"貂",
"てん"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo ten",
"word": "蝦夷貂"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"泥",
"ど"
],
[
"鰌",
"じょう"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo dojō",
"word": "蝦夷泥鰌"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"富魚",
"とみよ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo tomiyo",
"word": "蝦夷富魚"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"錦",
"にしき"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo nishiki",
"word": "蝦夷錦"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"葱",
"ねぎ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo negi",
"word": "蝦夷葱"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鼠",
"ねずみ"
],
[
"兔",
"うさぎ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo nezumiusagi",
"word": "蝦夷鼠兔"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"蛽",
"ばい"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo bai",
"word": "蝦夷蛽"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"馬鹿",
"ばか"
],
[
"貝",
"がい"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo bakagai",
"word": "蝦夷馬鹿貝"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鰰",
"はたはた"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo hatahata",
"word": "蝦夷鰰"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"馬",
"ば"
],
[
"糞",
"ふん"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo bafun",
"word": "蝦夷馬糞"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"蛤",
"はまぐり"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo hamaguri",
"word": "蝦夷蛤"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"蟾蜍",
"ひきがえる"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo hikigaeru",
"word": "蝦夷蟾蜍"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-bitaki",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鶲",
"びたき"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷鶲"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo Bugyō",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"奉",
"ぶ"
],
[
"行",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷奉行"
},
{
"english": "Ezo Fuji",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"富",
"ふ"
],
[
"士",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷富士"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-bora",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"法螺",
"ぼら"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷法螺"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"盆",
"ぼん"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo bon",
"word": "蝦夷盆"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"松",
"まつ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo matsu",
"word": "蝦夷松"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"馬刀",
"まて"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo mate",
"word": "蝦夷馬刀"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"樅",
"もみ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo momi",
"word": "蝦夷樅"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鼯鼠",
"ももんが"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo momonga",
"word": "蝦夷鼯鼠"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"柳",
"やなぎ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo yanagi",
"word": "蝦夷柳"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"瓔",
"よう"
],
[
"珞",
"らく"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo yōraku",
"word": "蝦夷瓔珞"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"艾",
"よもぎ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo yomogi",
"word": "蝦夷艾"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"山",
"やま"
],
[
"桃",
"もも"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo yamamomo",
"word": "蝦夷山桃"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"雷",
"らい"
],
[
"鳥",
"ちょう"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo raichō",
"word": "蝦夷雷鳥"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"栗鼠",
"りす"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo risu",
"word": "蝦夷栗鼠"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"若",
"わか"
],
[
"布",
"め"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo wakame",
"word": "蝦夷若布"
},
{
"roman": "Kita-Ezo",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
]
],
"word": "北蝦夷"
}
],
"glosses": [
"short for 蝦夷地 (Ezochi): collective name for Hokkaido (mostly), the Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin before the Meiji period"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ja-name--IjvzLQY",
"links": [
[
"蝦夷地",
"蝦夷地#Japanese"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"Hokkaido",
"Hokkaido"
],
[
"Kuril Islands",
"Kuril Islands"
],
[
"Sakhalin",
"Sakhalin"
],
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) short for 蝦夷地 (Ezochi): collective name for Hokkaido (mostly), the Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin before the Meiji period"
],
"related": [
{
"english": "Sakhalin",
"roman": "Karafuto",
"ruby": [
[
"樺太",
"からふと"
]
],
"word": "樺太"
},
{
"english": "Kuril Islands",
"roman": "Chishima",
"ruby": [
[
"千",
"ち"
],
[
"島",
"しま"
]
],
"word": "千島"
},
{
"word": "えびすめ"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えぞ"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞zo̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Emishi",
"3": "Yemishi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Emishi, Yemishi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Emishi, Yemishi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "emishi"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨emi₁si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨emi₁si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "蝦夷",
"sort": "えみし",
"tr": "Emi₁si"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emi₁si)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "emush"
},
"expansion": "Ainu emush",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨emi₁si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emiɕi/\nFrom Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emi₁si). First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720, where the word is also found with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 愛瀰詩 (Emi₁si). Further derivation unclear. Possibly from Ainu emush or emus (“sword”) via metonymous use to refer to a warrior.\nAccording to the Kojiki-den, the kanji spelling 蝦 (“shrimp”) + 夷 (“barbarian”) is in reference to their hairiness and savagery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えみし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Emishi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "^えみし"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えみし) • (Emishi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 16 11 14 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 19 12 20 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 18 11 13 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 13 12 14 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 12 15 12 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ja-noun-TFHWfL~V",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"関東",
"関東#Japanese"
],
[
"北陸",
"北陸#Japanese"
],
[
"東北",
"東北#Japanese"
],
[
"regions",
"regions"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, archaic) an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えみし"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞mʲiɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki-den",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "emishi"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨emi₁si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨emi₁si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "蝦夷",
"sort": "えみし",
"tr": "Emi₁si"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emi₁si)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "emush"
},
"expansion": "Ainu emush",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨emi₁si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emiɕi/\nFrom Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emi₁si). First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720, where the word is also found with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 愛瀰詩 (Emi₁si). Further derivation unclear. Possibly from Ainu emush or emus (“sword”) via metonymous use to refer to a warrior.\nAccording to the Kojiki-den, the kanji spelling 蝦 (“shrimp”) + 夷 (“barbarian”) is in reference to their hairiness and savagery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えみし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Emishi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "えみし"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えみし) • (Emishi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Soga no Emishi): Asuka-period statesman of the Yamato court, son of Soga no Umako and father of Soga no Iruka",
"word": "蘇我蝦夷"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 12 16 11 14 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 19 12 20 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 13 12 14 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 12 15 12 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"short for 蘇我蝦夷 (Soga no Emishi): Asuka-period statesman of the Yamato court, son of Soga no Umako and father of Soga no Iruka"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ja-name-fR7WRbZ-",
"links": [
[
"蘇我蝦夷",
"蘇我蝦夷#Japanese"
],
[
"statesman",
"statesman"
],
[
"Yamato",
"Yamato"
],
[
"court",
"court"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えみし"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞mʲiɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki-den",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ebisu"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨emi₁si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨emi₁si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨emi₁si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emisʉ/ → /emisu/ → /ebisu/\nEither a shift from Emishi or directly from Emisu, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/. This reading is traditionally ascribed to the 蝦夷 spelling in the 肥前国風土記 (Hizen no Kuni no Fudoki) of the 730s, but the first unambiguous instance of this reading appears in the 宇津保物語 (Utsubo Monogatari) of the late 900s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えびす"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ebisu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "^えびす"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えびす) • (Ebisu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 12 16 11 14 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 19 12 20 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 18 11 13 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 13 12 14 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 12 15 12 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "夷"
},
{
"english": "barbarian; foreigner",
"roman": "ebisu",
"word": "戎"
},
{
"english": "eastern Emishi or barbarians",
"roman": "azuma ebisu",
"ruby": [
[
"東",
"あずま"
],
[
"蝦夷",
"えびす"
]
],
"word": "東蝦夷"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ja-noun-TFHWfL~V1",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"関東",
"関東#Japanese"
],
[
"北陸",
"北陸#Japanese"
],
[
"東北",
"東北#Japanese"
],
[
"regions",
"regions"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, archaic) an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えびす"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞bʲisɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Utsubo Monogatari"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ebisu"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨emi₁si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨emi₁si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨emi₁si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emisʉ/ → /emisu/\nShift from Emishi. This reading appears in the Heian-period Nihon Shoki Shiki, a lectural interpretation of the Nihon Shoki compiled in different editions, from the years 721 through 967.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えみす"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Emisu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "^えみす"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えみす) • (Emisu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 16 11 14 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 18 11 13 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 13 12 14 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 13 12 15 12 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ja-noun-TFHWfL~V1",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"関東",
"関東#Japanese"
],
[
"北陸",
"北陸#Japanese"
],
[
"東北",
"東北#Japanese"
],
[
"regions",
"regions"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, rare) an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "Michinoku",
"ruby": [
[
"陸奥",
"みちのく"
]
],
"word": "陸奥"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えみす"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞mʲisɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period",
"Nihon Shoki",
"ja:日本書紀私記"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蝦夷",
"tr": "Emishi, Emisu, Ebisu, Ezo"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 蝦夷 (Emishi, Emisu, Ebisu, Ezo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 蝦夷 (Emishi, Emisu, Ebisu, Ezo)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "ain",
"3": "-",
"sort": "えみし"
},
"expansion": "Ainu",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ainu, either from エンジュ (*enzyu) or エㇺチウ (*emchiu), both meaning “man, person”.\nAccording to the Kojiki-den, the kanji spelling 蝦 (“shrimp”) + 夷 (“barbarian”) is in reference to their hairiness and savagery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Emi₁si",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "えみし",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "kana",
"4": "えみし",
"sort": "えみし",
"tr": "Emi₁si"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷 (Emi₁si) (kana えみし)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "rough Emishi oppose to the Yamato court",
"roman": "ara-Emi1si",
"word": "荒蝦夷"
},
{
"english": "gentle Emishi allied with the Yamato court",
"roman": "niki1-Emi1si",
"word": "熟蝦夷"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "720, Nihon Shoki (poem 11)\n愛瀰詩烏毗儾利毛毛那比苔比苔破易陪廼毛多牟伽毗毛勢儒\nEmi₁si wo pi₁dari momo na pi₁to₂ pi₁to₂ pa ipe₂do₂ mo tamukapi₁ mo sezu\nA single Emishi is worth a hundred men, so they say, yet they did not resist.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived on eastern and northeastern Japan and was possibly related to the Ainu people"
],
"id": "en-蝦夷-ojp-noun-vKCSKT8I",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"east",
"east"
],
[
"northeast",
"northeast"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Kojiki-den",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "蝦夷共和國"
},
{
"word": "虾夷共和国"
},
{
"roman": "xiāyícōng",
"word": "蝦夷蔥"
},
{
"roman": "xiāyícōng",
"word": "虾夷葱"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "蝦夷",
"tr": "Emishi, Ezo"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 蝦夷 (Emishi, Ezo)",
"name": "obor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 蝦夷 (Emishi, Ezo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "虾夷",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "蝦蛦"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms spelled with 夷",
"Chinese terms spelled with 蝦",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Emishi (ancient ethnic group living in eastern Japan)"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient#English"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group#English"
],
[
"living",
"live#Verb"
],
[
"east",
"east#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiāyí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚ ㄧˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa¹ ji⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiāyí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siayí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia¹-i²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syā-yí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiayi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сяи"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjai"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hā yìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa¹ ji⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha¹ yi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/"
}
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Ainu",
"Japanese terms derived from Ainu",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for date"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Ezo Land",
"roman": "Ezochi, broadly, Hokkaidō, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"地",
"ち"
]
],
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "蝦夷地"
},
{
"english": "red Ezo; Akaezo, Japanese term for Russian in the Kuril Islands",
"ruby": [
[
"赤",
"あか"
],
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
]
],
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "赤蝦夷"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ezo"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "エンチウ"
},
"expansion": "Ainu エンチウ",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蝦夷"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First cited in the 久安百首 (Kyūan Hyaku Shu, “Hundred Songs of the Kyūan Era”) of 1153.\nThere are conflicting theories regarding the derivation of the term Ezo. The Daijirin, Shinmeikai, and Gakken dictionaries all suggest that Ezo may be a borrowing from Ainu エンチウ, enciw (“person; people, humanity”), presumably via a phonological shift somewhat like the below:\n: /ent͡siw/ → */ent͡ʃiu/ → */ent͡ʃu/ → */end͡ʑu/ → /ezo/\nThe Kokugo Dai Jiten dictionary instead derives synonymous reading Emishi from enciw, but the phonological shifts required for such a derivation seem unlikely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ezo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "^えぞ"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えぞ) • (Ezo)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"those people living in the northeast of Japan, regardless of ethnicity, with customs and culture and government that differ from the central Japanese imperial state"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"ethnicity",
"ethnicity"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) those people living in the northeast of Japan, regardless of ethnicity, with customs and culture and government that differ from the central Japanese imperial state"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In Tsugaro where the Ezo live, the fields are abloom with clover; by now they will be setting up wooden trees, brocaded with desire.",
"ref": "1153, Kyūan Hyakushu (poem 34 by Fujiwara no Chikataka)",
"roman": "Ezo ga sumu Tsugaro-no-nobe no hagi sakari koya nishikigi no taterunaruran",
"ruby": [
[
"住",
"す"
],
[
"津",
"つ"
],
[
"軽",
"がろ"
],
[
"野辺",
"のべ"
],
[
"萩盛",
"はぎさか"
],
[
"錦",
"にしき"
],
[
"木",
"ぎ"
],
[
"立",
"た"
]
],
"text": "えぞが住む津軽の野辺の萩盛りこや錦木の立てるなるらん"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived in what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"関東",
"関東#Japanese"
],
[
"北陸",
"北陸#Japanese"
],
[
"東北",
"東北#Japanese"
],
[
"regions",
"regions"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) an ancient ethnic group that once lived in what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "蝦夷"
},
{
"word": "夷"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Ezo matsu): Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis)",
"word": "蝦夷松"
}
],
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Regional Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"short for 蝦夷松 (Ezo matsu): Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis)"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"蝦夷松",
"蝦夷松#Japanese"
],
[
"Yezo spruce",
"Yezo spruce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) short for 蝦夷松 (Ezo matsu): Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis)"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えぞ"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞zo̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Ainu",
"Japanese terms derived from Ainu",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for date"
],
"derived": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"赤",
"あか"
],
[
"蛙",
"がえる"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo akagaeru",
"word": "蝦夷赤蛙"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"貽",
"い"
],
[
"貝",
"がい"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo igai",
"word": "蝦夷貽貝"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"磯",
"いそ"
],
[
"蜆",
"しじみ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo isoshijimi",
"word": "蝦夷磯蜆"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鼬",
"いたち"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo itachi",
"word": "蝦夷鼬"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"板",
"い"
],
[
"屋",
"たや"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo itaya",
"word": "蝦夷板屋"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"岩",
"いわ"
],
[
"魚",
"な"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo iwana",
"word": "蝦夷岩魚"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"芋",
"いも"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo imo",
"word": "蝦夷芋"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"狼",
"おおかみ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo ōkami",
"word": "蝦夷狼"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-garashi",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"芥",
"がら"
],
[
"子",
"し"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷芥子"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"萱",
"かん"
],
[
"草",
"ぞう"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo kanzō",
"word": "蝦夷萱草"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo Kanrei",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"管",
"かん"
],
[
"領",
"れい"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷管領"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-giku",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"菊",
"ぎく"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷菊"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"金",
"きん"
],
[
"霊",
"れい"
],
[
"花",
"か"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo kinreika",
"word": "蝦夷金霊花"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"久",
"く"
],
[
"保",
"ぼ"
],
[
"貝",
"がい"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo kubogai",
"word": "蝦夷久保貝"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-zanshō",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"山",
"ざん"
],
[
"椒",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷山椒"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"山",
"さん"
],
[
"椒",
"しょう"
],
[
"魚",
"うお"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo sanshōuo",
"word": "蝦夷山椒魚"
},
{
"roman": "Ezoshi",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"志",
"し"
],
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鹿",
"しか"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo shika",
"word": "蝦夷志 * 蝦夷鹿"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"蝶",
"ちょう"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo shirochō",
"word": "蝦夷白蝶"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"根",
"ね"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo shirone",
"word": "蝦夷白根"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"透",
"すかし"
],
[
"百合",
"ゆり"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo sukashiyuri",
"word": "蝦夷透百合"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"砂",
"すな"
],
[
"海星",
"ひとで"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo sunahitode",
"word": "蝦夷砂海星"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"桷",
"ずみ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo zumi",
"word": "蝦夷桷"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"菫",
"すみれ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo sumire",
"word": "蝦夷菫"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-zemi",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"蝉",
"ぜみ"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷蝉"
},
{
"word": "蝦夷仙入"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ezo sennyū",
"word": "蝦夷潜入"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo Daikan",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
],
[
"官",
"かん"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷代官"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"狸",
"たぬき"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo tanuki",
"word": "蝦夷狸"
},
{
"roman": "Ezochi",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷地",
"えぞち"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷地"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"梅雨",
"つゆ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo tsuyu",
"word": "蝦夷梅雨"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"貂",
"てん"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo ten",
"word": "蝦夷貂"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"泥",
"ど"
],
[
"鰌",
"じょう"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo dojō",
"word": "蝦夷泥鰌"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"富魚",
"とみよ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo tomiyo",
"word": "蝦夷富魚"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"錦",
"にしき"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo nishiki",
"word": "蝦夷錦"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"葱",
"ねぎ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo negi",
"word": "蝦夷葱"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鼠",
"ねずみ"
],
[
"兔",
"うさぎ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo nezumiusagi",
"word": "蝦夷鼠兔"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"蛽",
"ばい"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo bai",
"word": "蝦夷蛽"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"馬鹿",
"ばか"
],
[
"貝",
"がい"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo bakagai",
"word": "蝦夷馬鹿貝"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鰰",
"はたはた"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo hatahata",
"word": "蝦夷鰰"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"馬",
"ば"
],
[
"糞",
"ふん"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo bafun",
"word": "蝦夷馬糞"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"蛤",
"はまぐり"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo hamaguri",
"word": "蝦夷蛤"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"蟾蜍",
"ひきがえる"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo hikigaeru",
"word": "蝦夷蟾蜍"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-bitaki",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鶲",
"びたき"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷鶲"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo Bugyō",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"奉",
"ぶ"
],
[
"行",
"ぎょう"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷奉行"
},
{
"english": "Ezo Fuji",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"富",
"ふ"
],
[
"士",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷富士"
},
{
"roman": "Ezo-bora",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"法螺",
"ぼら"
]
],
"word": "蝦夷法螺"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"盆",
"ぼん"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo bon",
"word": "蝦夷盆"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"松",
"まつ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo matsu",
"word": "蝦夷松"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"馬刀",
"まて"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo mate",
"word": "蝦夷馬刀"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"樅",
"もみ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo momi",
"word": "蝦夷樅"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"鼯鼠",
"ももんが"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo momonga",
"word": "蝦夷鼯鼠"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"柳",
"やなぎ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo yanagi",
"word": "蝦夷柳"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"瓔",
"よう"
],
[
"珞",
"らく"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo yōraku",
"word": "蝦夷瓔珞"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"艾",
"よもぎ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo yomogi",
"word": "蝦夷艾"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"山",
"やま"
],
[
"桃",
"もも"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo yamamomo",
"word": "蝦夷山桃"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"雷",
"らい"
],
[
"鳥",
"ちょう"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo raichō",
"word": "蝦夷雷鳥"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"栗鼠",
"りす"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo risu",
"word": "蝦夷栗鼠"
},
{
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
],
[
"若",
"わか"
],
[
"布",
"め"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo wakame",
"word": "蝦夷若布"
},
{
"roman": "Kita-Ezo",
"ruby": [
[
"北",
"きた"
],
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
]
],
"word": "北蝦夷"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Ezo",
"3": "Yezo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Ezo, Yezo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Ezo, Yezo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ezo"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "エンチウ"
},
"expansion": "Ainu エンチウ",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蝦夷"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First cited in the 久安百首 (Kyūan Hyaku Shu, “Hundred Songs of the Kyūan Era”) of 1153.\nThere are conflicting theories regarding the derivation of the term Ezo. The Daijirin, Shinmeikai, and Gakken dictionaries all suggest that Ezo may be a borrowing from Ainu エンチウ, enciw (“person; people, humanity”), presumably via a phonological shift somewhat like the below:\n: /ent͡siw/ → */ent͡ʃiu/ → */ent͡ʃu/ → */end͡ʑu/ → /ezo/\nThe Kokugo Dai Jiten dictionary instead derives synonymous reading Emishi from enciw, but the phonological shifts required for such a derivation seem unlikely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えぞ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ezo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "えぞ"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えぞ) • (Ezo)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"english": "Sakhalin",
"roman": "Karafuto",
"ruby": [
[
"樺太",
"からふと"
]
],
"word": "樺太"
},
{
"english": "Kuril Islands",
"roman": "Chishima",
"ruby": [
[
"千",
"ち"
],
[
"島",
"しま"
]
],
"word": "千島"
},
{
"word": "えびすめ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Ezochi): collective name for Hokkaido (mostly), the Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin before the Meiji period",
"word": "蝦夷地"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"short for 蝦夷地 (Ezochi): collective name for Hokkaido (mostly), the Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin before the Meiji period"
],
"links": [
[
"蝦夷地",
"蝦夷地#Japanese"
],
[
"collective",
"collective"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"Hokkaido",
"Hokkaido"
],
[
"Kuril Islands",
"Kuril Islands"
],
[
"Sakhalin",
"Sakhalin"
],
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) short for 蝦夷地 (Ezochi): collective name for Hokkaido (mostly), the Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin before the Meiji period"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えぞ"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞zo̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Ainu",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Emishi",
"3": "Yemishi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Emishi, Yemishi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Emishi, Yemishi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "emishi"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨emi₁si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨emi₁si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "蝦夷",
"sort": "えみし",
"tr": "Emi₁si"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emi₁si)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "emush"
},
"expansion": "Ainu emush",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨emi₁si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emiɕi/\nFrom Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emi₁si). First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720, where the word is also found with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 愛瀰詩 (Emi₁si). Further derivation unclear. Possibly from Ainu emush or emus (“sword”) via metonymous use to refer to a warrior.\nAccording to the Kojiki-den, the kanji spelling 蝦 (“shrimp”) + 夷 (“barbarian”) is in reference to their hairiness and savagery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えみし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Emishi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "^えみし"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えみし) • (Emishi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"関東",
"関東#Japanese"
],
[
"北陸",
"北陸#Japanese"
],
[
"東北",
"東北#Japanese"
],
[
"regions",
"regions"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, archaic) an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えみし"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞mʲiɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki-den",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Ainu",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "emishi"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨emi₁si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨emi₁si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "蝦夷",
"sort": "えみし",
"tr": "Emi₁si"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emi₁si)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "emush"
},
"expansion": "Ainu emush",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨emi₁si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emiɕi/\nFrom Old Japanese 蝦夷 (Emi₁si). First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720, where the word is also found with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 愛瀰詩 (Emi₁si). Further derivation unclear. Possibly from Ainu emush or emus (“sword”) via metonymous use to refer to a warrior.\nAccording to the Kojiki-den, the kanji spelling 蝦 (“shrimp”) + 夷 (“barbarian”) is in reference to their hairiness and savagery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えみし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Emishi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "えみし"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えみし) • (Emishi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Soga no Emishi): Asuka-period statesman of the Yamato court, son of Soga no Umako and father of Soga no Iruka",
"word": "蘇我蝦夷"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"short for 蘇我蝦夷 (Soga no Emishi): Asuka-period statesman of the Yamato court, son of Soga no Umako and father of Soga no Iruka"
],
"links": [
[
"蘇我蝦夷",
"蘇我蝦夷#Japanese"
],
[
"statesman",
"statesman"
],
[
"Yamato",
"Yamato"
],
[
"court",
"court"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えみし"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞mʲiɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki-den",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "夷"
},
{
"english": "barbarian; foreigner",
"roman": "ebisu",
"word": "戎"
},
{
"english": "eastern Emishi or barbarians",
"roman": "azuma ebisu",
"ruby": [
[
"東",
"あずま"
],
[
"蝦夷",
"えびす"
]
],
"word": "東蝦夷"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ebisu"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨emi₁si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨emi₁si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨emi₁si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emisʉ/ → /emisu/ → /ebisu/\nEither a shift from Emishi or directly from Emisu, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/. This reading is traditionally ascribed to the 蝦夷 spelling in the 肥前国風土記 (Hizen no Kuni no Fudoki) of the 730s, but the first unambiguous instance of this reading appears in the 宇津保物語 (Utsubo Monogatari) of the late 900s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えびす"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ebisu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "^えびす"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えびす) • (Ebisu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"関東",
"関東#Japanese"
],
[
"北陸",
"北陸#Japanese"
],
[
"東北",
"東北#Japanese"
],
[
"regions",
"regions"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, archaic) an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えびす"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞bʲisɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Utsubo Monogatari"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ebisu"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨emi₁si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨emi₁si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨emi₁si⟩ → */emʲisɨ/ → /emisʉ/ → /emisu/\nShift from Emishi. This reading appears in the Heian-period Nihon Shoki Shiki, a lectural interpretation of the Nihon Shoki compiled in different editions, from the years 721 through 967.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蝦夷",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"えみす"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Emisu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "^えみす"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷(えみす) • (Emisu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Michinoku",
"ruby": [
[
"陸奥",
"みちのく"
]
],
"word": "陸奥"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"関東",
"関東#Japanese"
],
[
"北陸",
"北陸#Japanese"
],
[
"東北",
"東北#Japanese"
],
[
"regions",
"regions"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, rare) an ancient ethnic group that once lived on what is now the 関東 (Kantō), 北陸 (Hokuriku) and 東北 (Tōhoku) regions, likely as far as Hokkaido; likely related to the Ainu people"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "えみす"
},
{
"ipa": "[e̞mʲisɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period",
"Nihon Shoki",
"ja:日本書紀私記"
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "rough Emishi oppose to the Yamato court",
"roman": "ara-Emi1si",
"word": "荒蝦夷"
},
{
"english": "gentle Emishi allied with the Yamato court",
"roman": "niki1-Emi1si",
"word": "熟蝦夷"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蝦夷",
"tr": "Emishi, Emisu, Ebisu, Ezo"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 蝦夷 (Emishi, Emisu, Ebisu, Ezo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 蝦夷 (Emishi, Emisu, Ebisu, Ezo)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "ain",
"3": "-",
"sort": "えみし"
},
"expansion": "Ainu",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ainu, either from エンジュ (*enzyu) or エㇺチウ (*emchiu), both meaning “man, person”.\nAccording to the Kojiki-den, the kanji spelling 蝦 (“shrimp”) + 夷 (“barbarian”) is in reference to their hairiness and savagery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Emi₁si",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "えみし",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "noun",
"3": "kana",
"4": "えみし",
"sort": "えみし",
"tr": "Emi₁si"
},
"expansion": "蝦夷 (Emi₁si) (kana えみし)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese nouns",
"Old Japanese terms borrowed from Ainu",
"Old Japanese terms derived from Ainu",
"Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Old Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "720, Nihon Shoki (poem 11)\n愛瀰詩烏毗儾利毛毛那比苔比苔破易陪廼毛多牟伽毗毛勢儒\nEmi₁si wo pi₁dari momo na pi₁to₂ pi₁to₂ pa ipe₂do₂ mo tamukapi₁ mo sezu\nA single Emishi is worth a hundred men, so they say, yet they did not resist.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ancient ethnic group that once lived on eastern and northeastern Japan and was possibly related to the Ainu people"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"ethnic group",
"ethnic group"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"east",
"east"
],
[
"northeast",
"northeast"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
],
[
"Ainu",
"Ainu"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Kojiki-den",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"word": "蝦夷"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 蝦夷 meaning in All languages combined (29.6kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蝦夷"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蝦夷",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.