See 葛藤 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "葛藤"
},
"expansion": "葛藤",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "葛藤",
"2": "かっとう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "갈등(葛藤)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "葛藤",
"2": "かっとう",
"3": "갈등",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "葛藤",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "葛藤",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "葛藤",
"v": "葛藤",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (葛藤):\n* → Japanese: 葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)\n* → Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かっとう",
"3": "갈등"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (葛藤):\n* → Japanese: 葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)\n* → Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (葛藤):\n* → Japanese: 葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)\n* → Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "; figurative sense",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "葛藤",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"kudzu plant"
],
"id": "en-葛藤-zh-noun-OiVL5f8Q",
"links": [
[
"kudzu",
"kudzu"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 37 31 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 38 34 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1925 June 9, Zhu Ziqing, 《山野掇拾》",
"roman": "Qián yī zhǒng rén zhēn shì yī bǎ “dāo”, yī bǎ yà luànmá de kuàidāo! Shénme jiūfēn, shénme gěténg, dào le tā shǒu lǐ, dōu shì yīdāoliǎngduàn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "前一種人真是一把「刀」，一把軋乱麻的快刀！什麼糾紛，什麼葛藤，到了他手裡，都是一刀兩斷。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1925 June 9, Zhu Ziqing, 《山野掇拾》",
"roman": "Qián yī zhǒng rén zhēn shì yī bǎ “dāo”, yī bǎ yà luànmá de kuàidāo! Shénme jiūfēn, shénme gěténg, dào le tā shǒu lǐ, dōu shì yīdāoliǎngduàn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "前一种人真是一把「刀」，一把轧乱麻的快刀！什么纠纷，什么葛藤，到了他手里，都是一刀两断。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"complicated relationships; complications"
],
"id": "en-葛藤-zh-noun-L5jTKyej",
"links": [
[
"complicated",
"complicated"
],
[
"relationship",
"relationship"
],
[
"complication",
"complication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, literary) complicated relationships; complications"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "géténg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄜˊ ㄊㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "got³ tang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kot-thèn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koah-tîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "géténg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "géténg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ko²-tʻêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gé-téng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gerterng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гэтэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gɛtɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ³⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "got tàhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "got⁸ tang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "god³ teng⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːt̚³ tʰɐŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kot-thèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "god^ˋ ten^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "god⁵ ten²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kot̚² tʰen¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koah-tîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuah-tîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koahdiin"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)⁵ tin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tin²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kat dong"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ³⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːt̚³ tʰɐŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kot̚² tʰen¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)⁵ tin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tin²³/"
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "葛",
"2": "かずら",
"3": "creeper"
},
"expansion": "葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "藤",
"2": "ふじ",
"3": "wisteria"
},
"expansion": "藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the tendency of the vines of 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”) or 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”) to become entangled.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "葛藤",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かっとう"
},
"expansion": "葛(かっ)藤(とう) • (kattō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 37 31 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 38 34 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 46 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 54 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 53 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 54 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Ranunculales order plants",
"orig": "ja:Ranunculales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Time and conflict, they strongly etch onto my heart",
"ref": "2012-03-30, mothy [mothy] (lyrics and music), “針音ノ時計塔 [Handbeat Clocktower]”:",
"roman": "Jikan to kattō o kokoro ni kizamitsukeru",
"ruby": [
[
"時",
"じ"
],
[
"間",
"かん"
],
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
],
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"刻",
"きざ"
]
],
"text": "時間と葛藤を心に刻みつける",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conflict, complications"
],
"id": "en-葛藤-ja-noun-A45oDcNf",
"links": [
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
],
[
"complications",
"complications"
]
]
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "葛",
"2": "かずら",
"3": "creeper"
},
"expansion": "葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "藤",
"2": "ふじ",
"3": "wisteria"
},
"expansion": "藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the tendency of the vines of 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”) or 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”) to become entangled.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "葛藤する",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤し",
"roman": "kattō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤した",
"roman": "kattō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to battle with"
],
"id": "en-葛藤-ja-verb-Ec-S1Gxs",
"links": [
[
"battle",
"battle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "葛藤",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"つづら"
],
[
"藤",
"ふじ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤",
"ruby": [
[
"葛藤",
"ツヅラフジ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuzurafuji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つづらふじ",
"2": "ツヅラフジ"
},
"expansion": "葛(つづら)藤(ふじ) or 葛藤(ツヅラフジ) • (tsuzurafuji)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 37 31 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 38 34 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 46 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 54 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 58 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 53 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 57 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 54 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Ranunculales order plants",
"orig": "ja:Ranunculales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of 大葛藤 (“Chinese moonseed, Sinomenium acutum”)"
],
"id": "en-葛藤-ja-noun-Xechl6eE",
"links": [
[
"大葛藤",
"大葛藤#Japanese"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "Chinese moonseed, Sinomenium acutum",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "大葛藤"
}
]
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "galdeung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "갈등",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "갈등"
},
"expansion": "葛藤 • (galdeung) (hangeul 갈등)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "discord, conflict",
"word": "갈등"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 갈등 (“discord, conflict”)"
],
"id": "en-葛藤-ko-noun--Om7WqYQ",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"갈등",
"갈등#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 葛",
"Chinese terms spelled with 藤",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "葛藤"
},
"expansion": "葛藤",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "葛藤",
"2": "かっとう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "갈등(葛藤)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "葛藤",
"2": "かっとう",
"3": "갈등",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "葛藤",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "葛藤",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "葛藤",
"v": "葛藤",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (葛藤):\n* → Japanese: 葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)\n* → Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かっとう",
"3": "갈등"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (葛藤):\n* → Japanese: 葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)\n* → Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (葛藤):\n* → Japanese: 葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)\n* → Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "; figurative sense",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "葛藤",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"kudzu plant"
],
"links": [
[
"kudzu",
"kudzu"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms",
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1925 June 9, Zhu Ziqing, 《山野掇拾》",
"roman": "Qián yī zhǒng rén zhēn shì yī bǎ “dāo”, yī bǎ yà luànmá de kuàidāo! Shénme jiūfēn, shénme gěténg, dào le tā shǒu lǐ, dōu shì yīdāoliǎngduàn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "前一種人真是一把「刀」，一把軋乱麻的快刀！什麼糾紛，什麼葛藤，到了他手裡，都是一刀兩斷。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1925 June 9, Zhu Ziqing, 《山野掇拾》",
"roman": "Qián yī zhǒng rén zhēn shì yī bǎ “dāo”, yī bǎ yà luànmá de kuàidāo! Shénme jiūfēn, shénme gěténg, dào le tā shǒu lǐ, dōu shì yīdāoliǎngduàn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "前一种人真是一把「刀」，一把轧乱麻的快刀！什么纠纷，什么葛藤，到了他手里，都是一刀两断。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"complicated relationships; complications"
],
"links": [
[
"complicated",
"complicated"
],
[
"relationship",
"relationship"
],
[
"complication",
"complication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, literary) complicated relationships; complications"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "géténg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄜˊ ㄊㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "got³ tang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kot-thèn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "koah-tîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "géténg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "géténg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ko²-tʻêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gé-téng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gerterng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гэтэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gɛtɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ³⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "got tàhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "got⁸ tang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "god³ teng⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːt̚³ tʰɐŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kot-thèn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "god^ˋ ten^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "god⁵ ten²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kot̚² tʰen¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koah-tîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuah-tîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koahdiin"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)⁵ tin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tin²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kat dong"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ³⁵ tʰɤŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːt̚³ tʰɐŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kot̚² tʰen¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)⁵ tin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tin²³/"
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Ranunculales order plants"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "葛",
"2": "かずら",
"3": "creeper"
},
"expansion": "葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "藤",
"2": "ふじ",
"3": "wisteria"
},
"expansion": "藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the tendency of the vines of 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”) or 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”) to become entangled.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "葛藤",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かっとう"
},
"expansion": "葛(かっ)藤(とう) • (kattō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Time and conflict, they strongly etch onto my heart",
"ref": "2012-03-30, mothy [mothy] (lyrics and music), “針音ノ時計塔 [Handbeat Clocktower]”:",
"roman": "Jikan to kattō o kokoro ni kizamitsukeru",
"ruby": [
[
"時",
"じ"
],
[
"間",
"かん"
],
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
],
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"刻",
"きざ"
]
],
"text": "時間と葛藤を心に刻みつける",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conflict, complications"
],
"links": [
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
],
[
"complications",
"complications"
]
]
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Ranunculales order plants"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "葛",
"2": "かずら",
"3": "creeper"
},
"expansion": "葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "藤",
"2": "ふじ",
"3": "wisteria"
},
"expansion": "藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the tendency of the vines of 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”) or 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”) to become entangled.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "葛藤する",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤し",
"roman": "kattō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤した",
"roman": "kattō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"かっ"
],
[
"藤",
"とう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かっとうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kattō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to battle with"
],
"links": [
[
"battle",
"battle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Ranunculales order plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "葛藤",
"ruby": [
[
"葛",
"つづら"
],
[
"藤",
"ふじ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "葛藤",
"ruby": [
[
"葛藤",
"ツヅラフジ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuzurafuji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つづらふじ",
"2": "ツヅラフジ"
},
"expansion": "葛(つづら)藤(ふじ) or 葛藤(ツヅラフジ) • (tsuzurafuji)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of 大葛藤 (“Chinese moonseed, Sinomenium acutum”)"
],
"links": [
[
"大葛藤",
"大葛藤#Japanese"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "Chinese moonseed, Sinomenium acutum",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "大葛藤"
}
]
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "galdeung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "갈등",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "갈등"
},
"expansion": "葛藤 • (galdeung) (hangeul 갈등)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "discord, conflict",
"word": "갈등"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 갈등 (“discord, conflict”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"갈등",
"갈등#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "葛藤"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 葛藤 meaning in All languages combined (15.3kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"葛藤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "葛藤",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.