See 波斯 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 波斯 meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "波斯"
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "波斯",
"2": "^はし",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "波斯(はし) (Hashi)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^파사(波斯)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "波斯",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Ba Tư",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "波斯"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "波斯",
"2": "^はし",
"3": "^파사",
"4": "Ba Tư",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "波斯",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "波斯",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "波斯",
"v": "波斯",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (波斯):\n* → Japanese: 波斯(はし) (Hashi)\n* → Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)\n* → Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^はし",
"3": "^파사",
"4": "Ba Tư"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (波斯):\n* → Japanese: 波斯(はし) (Hashi)\n* → Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)\n* → Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (波斯):\n* → Japanese: 波斯(はし) (Hashi)\n* → Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)\n* → Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿",
"tr": "Pārsa"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa) (alternatively, from a Sogdian term); first used during the Northern Wei dynasty to refer to the Sasanian Empire.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Persian (person)",
"roman": "Bōsīrén",
"word": "波斯人"
},
{
"roman": "Bōsī Guó",
"word": "波斯國"
},
{
"roman": "Bōsī Guó",
"word": "波斯国"
},
{
"word": "波斯地毯"
},
{
"word": "波斯帝國"
},
{
"word": "波斯帝国"
},
{
"word": "波斯教"
},
{
"english": "Persian Gulf",
"roman": "Bōsī Wān",
"word": "波斯灣"
},
{
"english": "Persian Gulf",
"roman": "Bōsī Wān",
"word": "波斯湾"
},
{
"word": "波斯皁莢"
},
{
"word": "波斯皁荚"
},
{
"word": "波斯菊"
},
{
"roman": "bōsīyǔ",
"word": "波斯語"
},
{
"roman": "bōsīyǔ",
"word": "波斯语"
},
{
"roman": "bōsīmāo",
"word": "波斯貓"
},
{
"roman": "bōsīmāo",
"word": "波斯猫"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The state of Persia [Sasanian Empire]: its capital is Istakhr. It is located west of Niumi [in the Anxi Protectorate]. It was formerly the state of Tiaozhi [perhaps Seleucia].",
"ref": "波斯國，都宿利城，在忸密西，古條支國也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "波斯国，都宿利城，在忸密西，古条支国也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 551-554, 魏書 (Book of Wei) by Wei Shou, 卷一百二 列傳第九十 (西域) (Volume 102, Biographies 90: Western Regions)\nBōsī guó, dōu Sùlì chéng, zài Niǔmì xī, gǔ Tiáozhī guó yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "An extremely evil custom [in these lands] is that their marriage practices are filthy. They take their mother and sisters as wives. In the country of Persia, they also take their mothers as wives.",
"ref": "極惡風俗，婚姻交雜。納母及姊妹為妻。波斯國亦納母為妻。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "极恶风俗，婚姻交杂。纳母及姊妹为妻。波斯国亦纳母为妻。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 728, 《往五天竺國傳》 (Account of the Journey to the Five Indias)\nJí'è fēngsú, hūnyīn jiāozá. Nà mǔ jí zǐmèi wéi qī. Bōsī guó yì nà mǔ wéi qī. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Persia"
],
"id": "en-波斯-zh-name-8vasPuH~",
"links": [
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Persia"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "Yīlǎng",
"word": "伊朗"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Northern Wei",
"Sasanian Empire"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bōsī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄙ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bo¹ si¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Pho-su"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Pho-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bōsī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bosih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Po¹-ssŭ¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Bwō-sz̄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bosy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Босы"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Bosy"
},
{
"ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bō sī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bo¹ si¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bo¹ xi¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Pho-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Pho-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "phoisw"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Pho-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Pho-sir"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo³³ sɯ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "pa sje"
},
{
"ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo³³ sɯ³³/"
}
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はし"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "波斯",
"2": "",
"3": "Persia"
},
"expansion": "波斯 (MC pa sje)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿",
"tr": "Pārsa"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 波斯 (MC pa sje), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).\nFirst cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of the late 900s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波",
"は"
],
[
"斯",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "はし"
},
"expansion": "波(は)斯(し) • (Hashi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Hashikoku",
"ruby": [
[
"波",
"は"
],
[
"斯",
"し"
],
[
"国",
"こく"
]
],
"word": "波斯国"
},
{
"roman": "Hashinoku",
"ruby": [
[
"波",
"は"
],
[
"斯",
"し"
],
[
"匿",
"のく"
]
],
"word": "波斯匿"
},
{
"roman": "Hashinokuō",
"ruby": [
[
"波",
"は"
],
[
"斯",
"し"
],
[
"匿",
"のく"
],
[
"王",
"おう"
]
],
"word": "波斯匿王"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Persia, especially ancient Persia"
],
"id": "en-波斯-ja-name-qDgjqf~q",
"links": [
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, possibly obsolete) Persia, especially ancient Persia"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ha̠ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Utsubo Monogatari"
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "nl",
"3": "Perzië",
"4": "",
"5": "Persia"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Perzië (“Persia”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch Perzië (“Persia”) during the Edo period.\nFirst cited in 1708.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ハルシャ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ハルシア"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Harusha",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Harushia",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "ハルシャ",
"3": "ハルシア"
},
"expansion": "波斯(ハルシャ) or 波斯(ハルシア) • (Harusha or Harushia)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Edo Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Harusha-gawa",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ハルシャ"
],
[
"革",
"がわ"
]
],
"word": "波斯革"
},
{
"roman": "Harusha-giku",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ハルシャ"
],
[
"菊",
"ぎく"
]
],
"word": "波斯菊"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Persia"
],
"id": "en-波斯-ja-name-8vasPuH~",
"links": [
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Edo) Persia"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ha̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɕa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Edo period"
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "en",
"3": "Persia"
},
"expansion": "English Persia",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English Persia.\nFirst cited in 1839.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ペルシャ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ペルシア"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Perusha",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Perushia",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "ペルシャ",
"3": "ペルシア"
},
"expansion": "波斯(ペルシャ) or 波斯(ペルシア) • (Perusha or Perushia)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Persia"
],
"id": "en-波斯-ja-name-8vasPuH~1",
"links": [
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぺるしゃ"
},
{
"ipa": "[pe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɕa̠]"
}
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "vi-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Ba Tư (“Persia”)."
],
"id": "en-波斯-vi-name-BRWj9ic3",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Ba Tư",
"Ba Tư#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
]
}
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "Persian (person)",
"roman": "Bōsīrén",
"word": "波斯人"
},
{
"roman": "Bōsī Guó",
"word": "波斯國"
},
{
"roman": "Bōsī Guó",
"word": "波斯国"
},
{
"word": "波斯地毯"
},
{
"word": "波斯帝國"
},
{
"word": "波斯帝国"
},
{
"word": "波斯教"
},
{
"english": "Persian Gulf",
"roman": "Bōsī Wān",
"word": "波斯灣"
},
{
"english": "Persian Gulf",
"roman": "Bōsī Wān",
"word": "波斯湾"
},
{
"word": "波斯皁莢"
},
{
"word": "波斯皁荚"
},
{
"word": "波斯菊"
},
{
"roman": "bōsīyǔ",
"word": "波斯語"
},
{
"roman": "bōsīyǔ",
"word": "波斯语"
},
{
"roman": "bōsīmāo",
"word": "波斯貓"
},
{
"roman": "bōsīmāo",
"word": "波斯猫"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "波斯"
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "波斯",
"2": "^はし",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "波斯(はし) (Hashi)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^파사(波斯)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "波斯",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Ba Tư",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "波斯"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "波斯",
"2": "^はし",
"3": "^파사",
"4": "Ba Tư",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "波斯",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "波斯",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "波斯",
"v": "波斯",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (波斯):\n* → Japanese: 波斯(はし) (Hashi)\n* → Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)\n* → Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^はし",
"3": "^파사",
"4": "Ba Tư"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (波斯):\n* → Japanese: 波斯(はし) (Hashi)\n* → Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)\n* → Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (波斯):\n* → Japanese: 波斯(はし) (Hashi)\n* → Korean: 파사(波斯) (Pasa)\n* → Vietnamese: Ba Tư (波斯)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿",
"tr": "Pārsa"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa) (alternatively, from a Sogdian term); first used during the Northern Wei dynasty to refer to the Sasanian Empire.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Yīlǎng",
"word": "伊朗"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Old Persian",
"Chinese terms derived from Old Persian",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien proper nouns",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The state of Persia [Sasanian Empire]: its capital is Istakhr. It is located west of Niumi [in the Anxi Protectorate]. It was formerly the state of Tiaozhi [perhaps Seleucia].",
"ref": "波斯國，都宿利城，在忸密西，古條支國也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "波斯国，都宿利城，在忸密西，古条支国也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 551-554, 魏書 (Book of Wei) by Wei Shou, 卷一百二 列傳第九十 (西域) (Volume 102, Biographies 90: Western Regions)\nBōsī guó, dōu Sùlì chéng, zài Niǔmì xī, gǔ Tiáozhī guó yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "An extremely evil custom [in these lands] is that their marriage practices are filthy. They take their mother and sisters as wives. In the country of Persia, they also take their mothers as wives.",
"ref": "極惡風俗，婚姻交雜。納母及姊妹為妻。波斯國亦納母為妻。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "极恶风俗，婚姻交杂。纳母及姊妹为妻。波斯国亦纳母为妻。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 728, 《往五天竺國傳》 (Account of the Journey to the Five Indias)\nJí'è fēngsú, hūnyīn jiāozá. Nà mǔ jí zǐmèi wéi qī. Bōsī guó yì nà mǔ wéi qī. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Persia"
],
"links": [
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Persia"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Northern Wei",
"Sasanian Empire"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bōsī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄛ ㄙ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bo¹ si¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Pho-su"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Pho-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bōsī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bosih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Po¹-ssŭ¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Bwō-sz̄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bosy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Босы"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Bosy"
},
{
"ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bō sī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bo¹ si¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bo¹ xi¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Pho-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Pho-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "phoisw"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Pho-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Pho-sir"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo³³ sɯ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "pa sje"
},
{
"ipa": "/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰo³³ sɯ³³/"
}
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from English",
"Japanese terms derived from English",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Persian",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Hashikoku",
"ruby": [
[
"波",
"は"
],
[
"斯",
"し"
],
[
"国",
"こく"
]
],
"word": "波斯国"
},
{
"roman": "Hashinoku",
"ruby": [
[
"波",
"は"
],
[
"斯",
"し"
],
[
"匿",
"のく"
]
],
"word": "波斯匿"
},
{
"roman": "Hashinokuō",
"ruby": [
[
"波",
"は"
],
[
"斯",
"し"
],
[
"匿",
"のく"
],
[
"王",
"おう"
]
],
"word": "波斯匿王"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はし"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "波斯",
"2": "",
"3": "Persia"
},
"expansion": "波斯 (MC pa sje)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿",
"tr": "Pārsa"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 波斯 (MC pa sje), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).\nFirst cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of the late 900s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波",
"は"
],
[
"斯",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hashi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "はし"
},
"expansion": "波(は)斯(し) • (Hashi)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Persia, especially ancient Persia"
],
"links": [
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, possibly obsolete) Persia, especially ancient Persia"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ha̠ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Utsubo Monogatari"
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Japanese terms borrowed from English",
"Japanese terms derived from Dutch",
"Japanese terms derived from English",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Harusha-gawa",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ハルシャ"
],
[
"革",
"がわ"
]
],
"word": "波斯革"
},
{
"roman": "Harusha-giku",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ハルシャ"
],
[
"菊",
"ぎく"
]
],
"word": "波斯菊"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "nl",
"3": "Perzië",
"4": "",
"5": "Persia"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Perzië (“Persia”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch Perzië (“Persia”) during the Edo period.\nFirst cited in 1708.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ハルシャ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ハルシア"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Harusha",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Harushia",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "ハルシャ",
"3": "ハルシア"
},
"expansion": "波斯(ハルシャ) or 波斯(ハルシア) • (Harusha or Harushia)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Edo Japanese",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Persia"
],
"links": [
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Edo) Persia"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ha̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɕa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Edo period"
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms borrowed from English",
"Japanese terms derived from English",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "en",
"3": "Persia"
},
"expansion": "English Persia",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English Persia.\nFirst cited in 1839.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ペルシャ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "波斯",
"ruby": [
[
"波斯",
"ペルシア"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Perusha",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Perushia",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "ペルシャ",
"3": "ペルシア"
},
"expansion": "波斯(ペルシャ) or 波斯(ペルシア) • (Perusha or Perushia)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Persia"
],
"links": [
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぺるしゃ"
},
{
"ipa": "[pe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝɕa̠]"
}
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "波斯",
"name": "vi-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese proper nouns",
"Vietnamese proper nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Ba Tư (“Persia”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Ba Tư",
"Ba Tư#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Persia",
"Persia"
]
]
}
],
"word": "波斯"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: historical, Edo",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: historical, Edo",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"波斯"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "波斯",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.