See 書く on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "egaku",
"ruby": [
[
"描",
"えが"
]
],
"word": "描く"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "egaku",
"ruby": [
[
"画",
"えが"
]
],
"word": "画く"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kaku",
"t": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kaku (“to scratch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kaku (“to scratch”).\nFirst attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.\nCognate with 掻く (kaku, “to scratch”) (letters were originally scratched or carved into wood in order to write).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "書く",
"ruby": [
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "書き",
"roman": "kaki",
"ruby": [
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "書いた",
"roman": "kaita",
"ruby": [
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "書か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "書き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "書く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "書け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kake",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "書かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "書かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "書かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "書ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kakeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "書こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "書かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "書かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "書きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かきます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "書いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kaita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "書いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "書けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "書か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "書き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "書く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "書く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "書け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kake",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "書け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kake",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "書かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "書けど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "かけど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "書けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "書かば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かかば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "書きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かきき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kakiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "書きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かきけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kakikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "書きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かきつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kakitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "書きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かきぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kakinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "書けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "書きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かきたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kakeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kakitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "書かむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かかむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かく",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "書(か)く • (kaku) transitive godan (stem 書(か)き (kaki), past 書(か)いた (kaita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "か",
"2": "4-k"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kaku",
"ruby": [
[
"掻",
"か"
]
],
"word": "掻く"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Mr. Chen was writing a report at the library yesterday.",
"roman": "Kinō Chen-san wa toshokan de repōto o kaite imashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"昨日陳",
"きのうチェン"
],
[
"図書館",
"としょかん"
],
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"text": "昨日陳さんは図書館でレポートを書いていました。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to write; to record (words, figures) on the surface of (something)"
],
"id": "en-書く-ja-verb-If2yUzyz",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to compose; to put (an idea, etc) into words"
],
"id": "en-書く-ja-verb-Iu5KoCqB",
"links": [
[
"compose",
"compose"
],
[
"word",
"word"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "書く"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "egaku",
"ruby": [
[
"描",
"えが"
]
],
"word": "描く"
},
{
"roman": "egaku",
"ruby": [
[
"画",
"えが"
]
],
"word": "画く"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kaku",
"t": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kaku (“to scratch”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kaku (“to scratch”).\nFirst attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.\nCognate with 掻く (kaku, “to scratch”) (letters were originally scratched or carved into wood in order to write).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "書く",
"ruby": [
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "書き",
"roman": "kaki",
"ruby": [
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "書いた",
"roman": "kaita",
"ruby": [
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "書か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "書き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "書く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "書け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kake",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "書かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "書かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "書かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "書ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kakeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "書こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "書かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "書かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "書きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かきます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "書いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kaita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "書いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "書けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "書か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "書き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "書く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "書く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "書け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kake",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "書け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kake",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "書かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "書けど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "かけど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "書けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "書かば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かかば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "書きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かきき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kakiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "書きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かきけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kakikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "書きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かきつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kakitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "書きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かきぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kakinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "書けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "書きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かきたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kakeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kakitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "書かむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かかむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かく",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "書(か)く • (kaku) transitive godan (stem 書(か)き (kaki), past 書(か)いた (kaita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "か",
"2": "4-k"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kaku",
"ruby": [
[
"掻",
"か"
]
],
"word": "掻く"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Mr. Chen was writing a report at the library yesterday.",
"roman": "Kinō Chen-san wa toshokan de repōto o kaite imashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"昨日陳",
"きのうチェン"
],
[
"図書館",
"としょかん"
],
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"text": "昨日陳さんは図書館でレポートを書いていました。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to write; to record (words, figures) on the surface of (something)"
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to compose; to put (an idea, etc) into words"
],
"links": [
[
"compose",
"compose"
],
[
"word",
"word"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠kɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "書く"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 書く meaning in All languages combined (10.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"書く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "書く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"書く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "書く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"書く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "書く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"書く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "書く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"書く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "書く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"書く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "書く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"書く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "書く",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.