See 昆 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 昆 meaning in All languages combined (23.1kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 7 2 2 1 9 5 8 4 2 7 0 3 2 6 5 4 30 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"昆 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日心心 (APP), four-corner 6071₁, composition ⿱日比)"
],
"id": "en-昆-mul-character-1BjdvND~",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"日",
"日#Translingual"
],
[
"比",
"比#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "公昆弟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "垂裕後昆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "垂裕后昆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "寄生昆蟲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "寄生昆虫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "後昆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "后昆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kūnzhòng",
"word": "昆仲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆吾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Kūnshìlán",
"word": "昆士蘭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Kūnshìlán",
"word": "昆士兰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆夷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆季"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kūnbù",
"word": "昆布"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆弟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆弟之好"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Kūnmíng",
"word": "昆明"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆明池"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Kūnmíng Hú",
"word": "昆明湖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆池劫灰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kūnyù",
"word": "昆玉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kūnchóng",
"word": "昆蟲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kūnchóng",
"word": "昆虫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kūnchóngxué",
"word": "昆蟲學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kūnchóngxué",
"word": "昆虫学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆蟲綱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆虫纲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆裔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆邪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆陽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "昆阳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "玉昆金友"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "賢昆仲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贤昆仲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "賢昆玉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贤昆玉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "金友玉昆"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mmn",
"2": "ကော",
"t": "elder brother",
"tr": "kao"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mon ကော (kao, “elder brother”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "昆"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "昆"
},
"expansion": "昆 (MC kwon)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "褌",
"2": "underclothing"
},
"expansion": "褌 (MC kwon, “underclothing”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Hirayama, 2005"
},
"expansion": "Hirayama, 2005",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "; “elder brother”\n: Alternatively, it may be related to Middle Mon ကော (kao, “elder brother”), with nominal suffix -n added (Schuessler, 2007).\n; “descendants; later”\n; “many; numerous”\n; “quetta-”\n昆 is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ instead of the expected /k/ in the majority of modern varieties of Chinese. The /k/ sound in 昆 (MC kwon) was changed to /kʰ/ during its historical development to avoid homophony with 褌 (MC kwon, “underclothing”), a word that was historically in vernacular use (Hirayama, 2005).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"together"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-DCRzTXv1",
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) together"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For ever separated from my brothers,\nI call a stranger elder-brother.\nI call a stranger elder-brother,\nBut he will not listen to me.",
"ref": "終遠兄弟，謂他人昆。謂他人昆，亦莫我聞。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "终远兄弟，谓他人昆。谓他人昆，亦莫我闻。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nZhōng yuàn xiōngdì, wèi tārén kūn. Wèi tārén kūn, yì mò wǒ wén. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elder brother"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-lZ8Tks1L",
"links": [
[
"elder brother",
"elder brother"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) elder brother"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 21 0 1 1 25 6 23 3 2 15 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"descendants"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-LqPHlj0q",
"links": [
[
"descendant",
"descendant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) descendants"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"later"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-HZKD2Ejq",
"links": [
[
"later",
"later"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) later"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "insect",
"roman": "kūnchóng",
"text": "昆蟲／昆虫",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"many; numerous"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-DDhIXy8r",
"links": [
[
"many",
"many"
],
[
"numerous",
"numerous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) many; numerous"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kūn",
"word": "焜"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 焜 (kūn)"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-pz~HKfvt",
"links": [
[
"焜",
"焜#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of 焜 (kūn)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Kūnmíng",
"word": "昆明"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 21 0 1 1 25 6 23 3 2 15 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "成昆鐵路／成昆铁路 ― Chéng Kūn Tiělù ― Chengdu–Kunming railway",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 昆明 (Kūnmíng)."
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-WirKQ9HE",
"links": [
[
"昆明",
"昆明#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mainland China Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 21 0 1 1 25 6 23 3 2 15 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"quetta- (SI unit prefix)"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-~rWUnxJx",
"links": [
[
"quetta-",
"quetta-"
],
[
"SI unit",
"Appendix:SI units#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mainland China) quetta- (SI unit prefix)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "奎"
}
],
"tags": [
"Mainland-China"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kó̤ng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kŏng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹khuen"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "guen¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷɐn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxũŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "kó̤ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "kŏng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰouŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qwn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khung"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹khuen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "khuen^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹khun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/kʰuən⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kwon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤu[n]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kuːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷɐn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxũŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰouŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuən⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən³³/"
},
{
"other": "[k]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*kuːn/"
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Only used in 昆侖／昆仑 (húnlún), alternative form of 渾淪／浑沦"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-PKomlYEX",
"links": [
[
"昆侖",
"昆侖#Chinese"
],
[
"昆仑",
"昆仑#Chinese"
],
[
"渾淪",
"渾淪#Chinese"
],
[
"浑沦",
"浑沦#Chinese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hun²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hun²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hwún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hwen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "хунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to unite",
"word": "混"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 混 (“to unite”)"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-Kl8K1P3H",
"links": [
[
"混",
"混#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 21 0 1 1 25 6 23 3 2 15 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"54th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"unity\" (𝌻)"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-K-AY7VZj",
"links": [
[
"tetragram",
"tetragram"
],
[
"Taixuanjing",
"Taixuanjing"
],
[
"unity",
"unity"
],
[
"𝌻",
"𝌻#Translingual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hwùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "huenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "хунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "wen⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐn²²/"
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to deceive; to fool"
],
"id": "en-昆-zh-character-KVFTDaSa",
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"fool",
"fool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) to deceive; to fool"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "konchū",
"ruby": [
[
"昆虫",
"こんちゅう"
]
],
"word": "昆虫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "konbu",
"ruby": [
[
"昆布",
"こんぶ"
]
],
"word": "昆布"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kontei",
"ruby": [
[
"昆弟",
"こんてい"
]
],
"word": "昆弟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "konson",
"ruby": [
[
"昆孫",
"こんそん"
]
],
"word": "昆孫"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A swarm of or an organism that swarms (e.g. bugs), an organism that forms in large groups (e.g. kombu)"
],
"id": "en-昆-ja-character-gPebF9e-",
"links": [
[
"swarm",
"swarm"
],
[
"kombu",
"kombu"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elder brother"
],
"id": "en-昆-ja-character-lZ8Tks1L",
"links": [
[
"brother",
"brother"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 12 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"descendants, great-great-great-great grandchild"
],
"id": "en-昆-ja-character-NQqAC2nt",
"links": [
[
"descendants",
"descendants"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "昆蟲",
"roman": "gonchung",
"word": "곤충"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "堅昆",
"roman": "Gyeon'gon",
"word": "견곤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "昆布",
"roman": "gonpo",
"word": "곤포"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "昆孫",
"roman": "gonson",
"word": "곤손"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "昆"
},
"expansion": "昆 (MC kwon)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "곤"
},
"expansion": "곤 (kwon)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "s:훈몽자회/天倫#상32A",
"3": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "곤",
"2": "kwon",
"3": "天倫#상32A"
},
"expansion": "Recorded as Middle Korean 곤 (kwon) (Yale: kwon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.",
"name": "hanja-hunmong"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 昆 (MC kwon). Recorded as Middle Korean 곤 (kwon) (Yale: kwon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "맏형 곤",
"roman": "macheong gon",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "맏형",
"2": "곤"
},
"expansion": "昆 (eumhun 맏형 곤 (macheong gon))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "鵾",
"english": "swan, among the largest birds",
"roman": "gon",
"word": "곤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "猑",
"english": "swan, among the largest birds",
"roman": "gon",
"word": "곤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "鯤",
"english": "dog, a big one",
"roman": "gon",
"word": "곤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "混",
"roman": "gon, maybe, Hun or Hünen giants",
"word": "곤"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "swarm",
"word": "곤"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanja readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 곤 (“swarm”)."
],
"id": "en-昆-ko-character-qItz1-lm",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"곤",
"곤#Korean"
],
[
"swarm",
"swarm"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the eldest brother",
"word": "곤"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanja readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 곤 (“the eldest brother”)."
],
"id": "en-昆-ko-character-BmSjGrzi",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"곤",
"곤#Korean"
],
[
"brother",
"brother"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "昆: Hán Việt readings: côn 昆: Hán Nôm readings: con",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gon",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-昆-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "con",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "con"
},
"expansion": "昆 • (con)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "con",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "昆 • (con)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Nom",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of con (“child”)."
],
"id": "en-昆-vi-noun-4uEQnNbG",
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"con",
"con#Vietnamese"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min adverbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min adjectives",
"Northern Min adverbs",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Northern Min proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "公昆弟"
},
{
"word": "垂裕後昆"
},
{
"word": "垂裕后昆"
},
{
"word": "寄生昆蟲"
},
{
"word": "寄生昆虫"
},
{
"word": "後昆"
},
{
"word": "后昆"
},
{
"roman": "kūnzhòng",
"word": "昆仲"
},
{
"word": "昆吾"
},
{
"roman": "Kūnshìlán",
"word": "昆士蘭"
},
{
"roman": "Kūnshìlán",
"word": "昆士兰"
},
{
"word": "昆夷"
},
{
"word": "昆季"
},
{
"roman": "kūnbù",
"word": "昆布"
},
{
"word": "昆弟"
},
{
"word": "昆弟之好"
},
{
"roman": "Kūnmíng",
"word": "昆明"
},
{
"word": "昆明池"
},
{
"roman": "Kūnmíng Hú",
"word": "昆明湖"
},
{
"word": "昆池劫灰"
},
{
"roman": "kūnyù",
"word": "昆玉"
},
{
"roman": "kūnchóng",
"word": "昆蟲"
},
{
"roman": "kūnchóng",
"word": "昆虫"
},
{
"roman": "kūnchóngxué",
"word": "昆蟲學"
},
{
"roman": "kūnchóngxué",
"word": "昆虫学"
},
{
"word": "昆蟲綱"
},
{
"word": "昆虫纲"
},
{
"word": "昆裔"
},
{
"word": "昆邪"
},
{
"word": "昆陽"
},
{
"word": "昆阳"
},
{
"word": "玉昆金友"
},
{
"word": "賢昆仲"
},
{
"word": "贤昆仲"
},
{
"word": "賢昆玉"
},
{
"word": "贤昆玉"
},
{
"word": "金友玉昆"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mmn",
"2": "ကော",
"t": "elder brother",
"tr": "kao"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mon ကော (kao, “elder brother”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "昆"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "昆"
},
"expansion": "昆 (MC kwon)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "褌",
"2": "underclothing"
},
"expansion": "褌 (MC kwon, “underclothing”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Hirayama, 2005"
},
"expansion": "Hirayama, 2005",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "; “elder brother”\n: Alternatively, it may be related to Middle Mon ကော (kao, “elder brother”), with nominal suffix -n added (Schuessler, 2007).\n; “descendants; later”\n; “many; numerous”\n; “quetta-”\n昆 is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ instead of the expected /k/ in the majority of modern varieties of Chinese. The /k/ sound in 昆 (MC kwon) was changed to /kʰ/ during its historical development to avoid homophony with 褌 (MC kwon, “underclothing”), a word that was historically in vernacular use (Hirayama, 2005).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"together"
],
"links": [
[
"together",
"together"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) together"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For ever separated from my brothers,\nI call a stranger elder-brother.\nI call a stranger elder-brother,\nBut he will not listen to me.",
"ref": "終遠兄弟，謂他人昆。謂他人昆，亦莫我聞。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "终远兄弟，谓他人昆。谓他人昆，亦莫我闻。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nZhōng yuàn xiōngdì, wèi tārén kūn. Wèi tārén kūn, yì mò wǒ wén. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elder brother"
],
"links": [
[
"elder brother",
"elder brother"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) elder brother"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"descendants"
],
"links": [
[
"descendant",
"descendant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) descendants"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"later"
],
"links": [
[
"later",
"later"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) later"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "insect",
"roman": "kūnchóng",
"text": "昆蟲／昆虫",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"many; numerous"
],
"links": [
[
"many",
"many"
],
[
"numerous",
"numerous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) many; numerous"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kūn",
"word": "焜"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 焜 (kūn)"
],
"links": [
[
"焜",
"焜#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of 焜 (kūn)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "Kūnmíng",
"word": "昆明"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese short forms",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "成昆鐵路／成昆铁路 ― Chéng Kūn Tiělù ― Chengdu–Kunming railway",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 昆明 (Kūnmíng)."
],
"links": [
[
"昆明",
"昆明#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mainland China Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"quetta- (SI unit prefix)"
],
"links": [
[
"quetta-",
"quetta-"
],
[
"SI unit",
"Appendix:SI units#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mainland China) quetta- (SI unit prefix)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "奎"
}
],
"tags": [
"Mainland-China"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kó̤ng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kŏng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹khuen"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "guen¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷɐn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxũŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "kó̤ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "kŏng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰouŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qwn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khung"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹khuen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "khuen^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹khun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/kʰuən⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "kun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kwon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤu[n]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kuːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷɐn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxũŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰouŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuən⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən³³/"
},
{
"other": "[k]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*kuːn/"
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Only used in 昆侖／昆仑 (húnlún), alternative form of 渾淪／浑沦"
],
"links": [
[
"昆侖",
"昆侖#Chinese"
],
[
"昆仑",
"昆仑#Chinese"
],
[
"渾淪",
"渾淪#Chinese"
],
[
"浑沦",
"浑沦#Chinese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hun²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hun²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hwún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hwen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "хунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to unite",
"word": "混"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 混 (“to unite”)"
],
"links": [
[
"混",
"混#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"54th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; \"unity\" (𝌻)"
],
"links": [
[
"tetragram",
"tetragram"
],
[
"Taixuanjing",
"Taixuanjing"
],
[
"unity",
"unity"
],
[
"𝌻",
"𝌻#Translingual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hwùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "huenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "хунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "wen⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐn²²/"
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "昆",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"to deceive; to fool"
],
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"fool",
"fool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cantonese) to deceive; to fool"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"崑"
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Common kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading こん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading あに",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading なかま",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading むれ",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひで",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading やす",
"Japanese terms spelled with 昆",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "konchū",
"ruby": [
[
"昆虫",
"こんちゅう"
]
],
"word": "昆虫"
},
{
"roman": "konbu",
"ruby": [
[
"昆布",
"こんぶ"
]
],
"word": "昆布"
},
{
"roman": "kontei",
"ruby": [
[
"昆弟",
"こんてい"
]
],
"word": "昆弟"
},
{
"roman": "konson",
"ruby": [
[
"昆孫",
"こんそん"
]
],
"word": "昆孫"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A swarm of or an organism that swarms (e.g. bugs), an organism that forms in large groups (e.g. kombu)"
],
"links": [
[
"swarm",
"swarm"
],
[
"kombu",
"kombu"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"elder brother"
],
"links": [
[
"brother",
"brother"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"descendants, great-great-great-great grandchild"
],
"links": [
[
"descendants",
"descendants"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanja readings",
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Middle Korean Han characters",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "昆蟲",
"roman": "gonchung",
"word": "곤충"
},
{
"alt": "堅昆",
"roman": "Gyeon'gon",
"word": "견곤"
},
{
"alt": "昆布",
"roman": "gonpo",
"word": "곤포"
},
{
"alt": "昆孫",
"roman": "gonson",
"word": "곤손"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "昆"
},
"expansion": "昆 (MC kwon)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "곤"
},
"expansion": "곤 (kwon)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "s:훈몽자회/天倫#상32A",
"3": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "곤",
"2": "kwon",
"3": "天倫#상32A"
},
"expansion": "Recorded as Middle Korean 곤 (kwon) (Yale: kwon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.",
"name": "hanja-hunmong"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 昆 (MC kwon). Recorded as Middle Korean 곤 (kwon) (Yale: kwon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "맏형 곤",
"roman": "macheong gon",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "맏형",
"2": "곤"
},
"expansion": "昆 (eumhun 맏형 곤 (macheong gon))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"alt": "鵾",
"english": "swan, among the largest birds",
"roman": "gon",
"word": "곤"
},
{
"alt": "猑",
"english": "swan, among the largest birds",
"roman": "gon",
"word": "곤"
},
{
"alt": "鯤",
"english": "dog, a big one",
"roman": "gon",
"word": "곤"
},
{
"alt": "混",
"roman": "gon, maybe, Hun or Hünen giants",
"word": "곤"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "swarm",
"word": "곤"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 곤 (“swarm”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"곤",
"곤#Korean"
],
[
"swarm",
"swarm"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "the eldest brother",
"word": "곤"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 곤 (“the eldest brother”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"곤",
"곤#Korean"
],
[
"brother",
"brother"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"昆 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日心心 (APP), four-corner 6071₁, composition ⿱日比)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"日",
"日#Translingual"
],
[
"比",
"比#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "昆: Hán Việt readings: côn 昆: Hán Nôm readings: con",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gon",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "con",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "con"
},
"expansion": "昆 • (con)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "con",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "昆 • (con)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Nom"
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of con (“child”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"con",
"con#Vietnamese"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
}
],
"word": "昆"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": "started on line 41, detected on line 90"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary)'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: '昆: Hán Việt readings: côn 昆: Hán Nôm readings: con' in '昆: Hán Việt readings: côn 昆: Hán Nôm readings: con, gon'",
"path": [
"昆"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "昆/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"categories\": [\"Pages with raw sortkeys\"], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"崑\"], \"word\": \"昆\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "昆",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.