See 憚る on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 憚る meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "habakarawashi",
"ruby": [
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "憚らはし"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "oboshihabakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"思",
"おぼ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "思し憚る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "omoihabakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"思",
"おも"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "思ひ憚る"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "阻む",
"3": "",
"4": "to prevent, thwart",
"tr": "habamu"
},
"expansion": "阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蔓延る",
"3": "",
"4": "to grow dense",
"tr": "habikoru"
},
"expansion": "蔓延る (habikoru, “to grow dense”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "幅",
"3": "",
"4": "width",
"tr": "haba"
},
"expansion": "幅 (haba, “width”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "憚し",
"3": "",
"4": "hesitant, shy",
"tr": "habashi"
},
"expansion": "憚し (habashi, “hesitant, shy”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with 阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”), 蔓延る (habikoru, “to grow dense”), and possibly 幅 (haba, “width”).\nAlso cognate with classical adjective 憚し (habashi, “hesitant, shy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "憚る",
"ruby": [
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "habakaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "憚り",
"roman": "habakari",
"ruby": [
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "憚った",
"roman": "habakatta",
"ruby": [
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "憚ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はばから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "habakara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "憚り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "habakari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "憚る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "habakaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "habakare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "憚られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "habakaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "habakareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "憚ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "habakaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "憚った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "habakatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "憚って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habakatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "habakareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "憚ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "憚り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakarinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakareri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はばかる",
"tr": "both",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "憚(はばか)る • (habakaru) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 憚(はばか)り (habakari), past 憚(はばか)った (habakatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はばか",
"2": "4-r"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "ayamachite wa sunawachi aratamuru ni habakaru koto nakare",
"ruby": [
[
"過",
"あやま"
],
[
"則",
"すなわ"
],
[
"改",
"あらた"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
],
[
"勿",
"なか"
]
],
"word": "過ちては則ち改むるに憚ること勿れ"
},
{
"roman": "nikumarekko yo ni habakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"憎",
"にく"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"世",
"よ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "憎まれっ子世に憚る"
}
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "se o habakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"世",
"せ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "世を憚る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hitomae o habakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "人前を憚る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hitome o habakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "人目を憚る"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 10 9 30 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 6 30 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 30 6 27 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 6 30 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 4 35 2 4 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Afraid to say anything to him",
"ref": "2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú)",
"roman": "Kare o habakatte nanimo iwanai",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
],
[
"何",
"なに"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "彼を憚って何も言わない"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hesitate, to be afraid to do"
],
"id": "en-憚る-ja-verb-Vn~9NPaJ",
"links": [
[
"hesitate",
"hesitate"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to hesitate, to be afraid to do"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 10 9 30 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 6 30 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 30 6 27 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 6 30 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 4 35 2 4 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to get full, grow rampant"
],
"id": "en-憚る-ja-verb-sL44ljzP",
"links": [
[
"get",
"get"
],
[
"full",
"full"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"rampant",
"rampant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to get full, grow rampant"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to throw one’s weight around, to make one’s presence felt"
],
"id": "en-憚る-ja-verb-u6n2h8G-",
"links": [
[
"throw one’s weight around",
"throw one's weight around"
],
[
"presence",
"presence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to throw one’s weight around, to make one’s presence felt"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 8 10 40 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 10 9 30 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 6 30 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 5 37 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 30 6 27 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 6 30 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 4 35 2 4 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to beware of, be wary of"
],
"id": "en-憚る-ja-verb-78E~CiZH",
"links": [
[
"beware",
"beware"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"wary",
"wary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) to beware of, be wary of"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to abhor, detest"
],
"id": "en-憚る-ja-verb-wB317vSR",
"links": [
[
"abhor",
"abhor"
],
[
"detest",
"detest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) to abhor, detest"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to grieve, hold a funeral service"
],
"id": "en-憚る-ja-verb-QREHHIo0",
"links": [
[
"grieve",
"grieve"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"funeral",
"funeral"
],
[
"service",
"service"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) to grieve, hold a funeral service"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はばかる"
},
{
"other": "はばかる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠ba̠ka̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "憚る"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yuki1pabakaru",
"word": "行き憚る"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "憚る",
"tr": "habakaru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 憚る (habakaru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 憚る (habakaru)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "阻む",
"3": "",
"4": "to prevent, thwart",
"tr": "habamu"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a pab- stem cognate with modern Japanese 阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pabakaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかる",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "verb",
"3": "kana",
"4": "はばかる",
"tr": "pabakaru"
},
"expansion": "憚る (pabakaru) (kana はばかる)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": ", text here\n...阿良志乎母多志夜波婆可流不破乃世伎久江弖和波由久...\n...arasi wo mo tasi pabakaru Pupa-no₂-seki₁ kuyete wa pa yuku...\nWill a wild man hesitate to stand? Across the barrier of Fuwa I go.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hesitate, to be afraid to do"
],
"id": "en-憚る-ojp-verb-Vn~9NPaJ",
"links": [
[
"hesitate",
"hesitate"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to hesitate, to be afraid to do"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 12 4 35 2 4 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "; Maeda-bon glosses\n然重_二皇后之言_一、亦敦_二友于之義_一而忍_レ之勿_レ罪\nBut [the Emperor] was wary of the Empress’s words; out of respect for the rules of brotherhood, he was patient and did not punish [his son].",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to beware of, be wary of"
],
"id": "en-憚る-ojp-verb-78E~CiZH",
"links": [
[
"beware",
"beware"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"wary",
"wary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to beware of, be wary of"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "憚る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese type 1 verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "habakarawashi",
"ruby": [
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "憚らはし"
},
{
"roman": "oboshihabakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"思",
"おぼ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "思し憚る"
},
{
"roman": "omoihabakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"思",
"おも"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "思ひ憚る"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "阻む",
"3": "",
"4": "to prevent, thwart",
"tr": "habamu"
},
"expansion": "阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蔓延る",
"3": "",
"4": "to grow dense",
"tr": "habikoru"
},
"expansion": "蔓延る (habikoru, “to grow dense”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "幅",
"3": "",
"4": "width",
"tr": "haba"
},
"expansion": "幅 (haba, “width”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "憚し",
"3": "",
"4": "hesitant, shy",
"tr": "habashi"
},
"expansion": "憚し (habashi, “hesitant, shy”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with 阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”), 蔓延る (habikoru, “to grow dense”), and possibly 幅 (haba, “width”).\nAlso cognate with classical adjective 憚し (habashi, “hesitant, shy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "憚る",
"ruby": [
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "habakaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "憚り",
"roman": "habakari",
"ruby": [
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "憚った",
"roman": "habakatta",
"ruby": [
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "憚ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はばから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "habakara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "憚り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "habakari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "憚る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "habakaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "habakare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "憚られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "habakaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "habakareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "憚ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "habakaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "habakarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "憚った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "habakatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "憚って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habakatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "habakareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "憚ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばから",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "憚り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakariki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakarikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakarinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "憚れり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "憚りたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかれり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakareri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "憚らむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "はばからむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "fabakaramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はばかる",
"tr": "both",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "憚(はばか)る • (habakaru) transitive or intransitive godan (stem 憚(はばか)り (habakari), past 憚(はばか)った (habakatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はばか",
"2": "4-r"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "ayamachite wa sunawachi aratamuru ni habakaru koto nakare",
"ruby": [
[
"過",
"あやま"
],
[
"則",
"すなわ"
],
[
"改",
"あらた"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
],
[
"勿",
"なか"
]
],
"word": "過ちては則ち改むるに憚ること勿れ"
},
{
"roman": "nikumarekko yo ni habakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"憎",
"にく"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"世",
"よ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "憎まれっ子世に憚る"
}
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "se o habakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"世",
"せ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "世を憚る"
},
{
"roman": "hitomae o habakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "人前を憚る"
},
{
"roman": "hitome o habakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"目",
"め"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
]
],
"word": "人目を憚る"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Afraid to say anything to him",
"ref": "2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú)",
"roman": "Kare o habakatte nanimo iwanai",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"憚",
"はばか"
],
[
"何",
"なに"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "彼を憚って何も言わない"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hesitate, to be afraid to do"
],
"links": [
[
"hesitate",
"hesitate"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to hesitate, to be afraid to do"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to get full, grow rampant"
],
"links": [
[
"get",
"get"
],
[
"full",
"full"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"rampant",
"rampant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to get full, grow rampant"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to throw one’s weight around, to make one’s presence felt"
],
"links": [
[
"throw one’s weight around",
"throw one's weight around"
],
[
"presence",
"presence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to throw one’s weight around, to make one’s presence felt"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to beware of, be wary of"
],
"links": [
[
"beware",
"beware"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"wary",
"wary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) to beware of, be wary of"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to abhor, detest"
],
"links": [
[
"abhor",
"abhor"
],
[
"detest",
"detest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) to abhor, detest"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to grieve, hold a funeral service"
],
"links": [
[
"grieve",
"grieve"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"funeral",
"funeral"
],
[
"service",
"service"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) to grieve, hold a funeral service"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はばかる"
},
{
"other": "はばかる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠ba̠ka̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "憚る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "yuki1pabakaru",
"word": "行き憚る"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "憚る",
"tr": "habakaru"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 憚る (habakaru)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 憚る (habakaru)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "阻む",
"3": "",
"4": "to prevent, thwart",
"tr": "habamu"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a pab- stem cognate with modern Japanese 阻む (habamu, “to prevent, thwart”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pabakaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "はばかる",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "verb",
"3": "kana",
"4": "はばかる",
"tr": "pabakaru"
},
"expansion": "憚る (pabakaru) (kana はばかる)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Old Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": ", text here\n...阿良志乎母多志夜波婆可流不破乃世伎久江弖和波由久...\n...arasi wo mo tasi pabakaru Pupa-no₂-seki₁ kuyete wa pa yuku...\nWill a wild man hesitate to stand? Across the barrier of Fuwa I go.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hesitate, to be afraid to do"
],
"links": [
[
"hesitate",
"hesitate"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to hesitate, to be afraid to do"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Old Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "; Maeda-bon glosses\n然重_二皇后之言_一、亦敦_二友于之義_一而忍_レ之勿_レ罪\nBut [the Emperor] was wary of the Empress’s words; out of respect for the rules of brotherhood, he was patient and did not punish [his son].",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to beware of, be wary of"
],
"links": [
[
"beware",
"beware"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"wary",
"wary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to beware of, be wary of"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "憚る"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.