See 悲觀 on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "lèguān",
"word": "樂觀"
},
{
"roman": "lèguān",
"word": "乐观"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "悲观",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "悲觀",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"word": "悲觀主義"
},
{
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"word": "悲观主义"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pessimistic"
],
"id": "en-悲觀-zh-adj-pTUDsKTB",
"links": [
[
"pessimistic",
"pessimistic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bēiguān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pî-kôn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "pi-koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bēiguān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "beiguan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pei¹-kuan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bēi-gwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "beiguan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "бэйгуань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bɛjguanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bēi gūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "béi¹ gun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pî-kôn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bi^ˊ gon^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bi¹ gon¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pi-koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pi-kuan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pi'koafn"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ kuan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ kuan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "悲觀",
"ruby": [
[
"悲",
"ひ"
],
[
"觀",
"かん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひかん"
},
"expansion": "悲(ひ)觀(かん) • (hikan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "pessimism",
"word": "悲観"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyūjitai form of 悲観 (“pessimism”)"
],
"id": "en-悲觀-ja-noun-sym7kQ9-",
"links": [
[
"Kyūjitai",
"kyūjitai"
],
[
"悲観",
"悲観#Japanese"
],
[
"pessimism",
"pessimism"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bigwan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "비관",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "비관"
},
"expansion": "悲觀 • (bigwan) (hangeul 비관)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "pessimism",
"word": "비관"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 비관 (“pessimism”)"
],
"id": "en-悲觀-ko-noun-ItvpLQBi",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"비관",
"비관#Korean"
],
[
"pessimism",
"pessimism"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "悲觀",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "悲觀",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of bi quan (“pessimistic”)."
],
"id": "en-悲觀-vi-adj-~vBQxuy9",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bi quan",
"bi quan#Vietnamese"
],
[
"pessimistic",
"pessimistic"
]
]
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "lèguān",
"word": "樂觀"
},
{
"roman": "lèguān",
"word": "乐观"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"word": "悲觀主義"
},
{
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"word": "悲观主义"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "悲观",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "悲觀",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 悲",
"Chinese terms spelled with 觀",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka adjectives",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio links",
"Mandarin terms with homophones",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pessimistic"
],
"links": [
[
"pessimistic",
"pessimistic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bēiguān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pî-kôn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "pi-koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bēiguān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "beiguan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pei¹-kuan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bēi-gwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "beiguan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "бэйгуань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bɛjguanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bēi gūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "béi¹ gun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pî-kôn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bi^ˊ gon^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bi¹ gon¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pi-koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pi-kuan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pi'koafn"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ kuan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ kuan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "悲觀",
"ruby": [
[
"悲",
"ひ"
],
[
"觀",
"かん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひかん"
},
"expansion": "悲(ひ)觀(かん) • (hikan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "pessimism",
"word": "悲観"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyūjitai form of 悲観 (“pessimism”)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kyūjitai",
"kyūjitai"
],
[
"悲観",
"悲観#Japanese"
],
[
"pessimism",
"pessimism"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bigwan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "비관",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "비관"
},
"expansion": "悲觀 • (bigwan) (hangeul 비관)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "pessimism",
"word": "비관"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 비관 (“pessimism”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"비관",
"비관#Korean"
],
[
"pessimism",
"pessimism"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "悲觀",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "悲觀",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of bi quan (“pessimistic”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bi quan",
"bi quan#Vietnamese"
],
[
"pessimistic",
"pessimistic"
]
]
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 悲觀 meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": "started on line 21, detected on line 21"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.