See 悲觀主義 on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "lèguān zhǔyì",
"word": "樂觀主義"
},
{
"roman": "lèguān zhǔyì",
"word": "乐观主义"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "悲观主义",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "悲觀主義",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pessimism"
],
"id": "en-悲觀主義-zh-noun-OSBe14Vm",
"links": [
[
"pessimism",
"pessimism"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bēiguānzhǔyì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bēiguānzhǔyì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "beiguanjhǔyì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "pei¹-kuan¹-chu³-i⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bēi-gwān-jǔ-yì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "beiguanjuuyih"
},
{
"roman": "bɛjguanʹčžui",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "бэйгуаньчжуи"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bēi gūn jyú yih"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bei¹ gun¹ dzy² ji⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "béi¹ gun¹ ju² yi⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "悲觀主義"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "lèguān zhǔyì",
"word": "樂觀主義"
},
{
"roman": "lèguān zhǔyì",
"word": "乐观主义"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "悲观主义",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "悲觀主義",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 主",
"Chinese terms spelled with 悲",
"Chinese terms spelled with 義",
"Chinese terms spelled with 觀",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pessimism"
],
"links": [
[
"pessimism",
"pessimism"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bēiguānzhǔyì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bēiguānzhǔyì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "beiguanjhǔyì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "pei¹-kuan¹-chu³-i⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bēi-gwān-jǔ-yì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "beiguanjuuyih"
},
{
"roman": "bɛjguanʹčžui",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "бэйгуаньчжуи"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bēi gūn jyú yih"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bei¹ gun¹ dzy² ji⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "béi¹ gun¹ ju² yi⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "悲觀主義"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 悲觀主義 meaning in All languages combined (2.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (99a4ed9 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.