悲觀主義 in Chinese

IPA: /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/, /pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/ Chinese transliterations: bēiguānzhǔyì [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄅㄟㄍㄨㄢㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], bēiguānzhǔyì [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], beiguanjhǔyì [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], pei¹-kuan¹-chu³-i⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], bēi-gwān-jǔ-yì [Mandarin, Yale], beiguanjuuyih [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], бэйгуаньчжуи [Mandarin, Palladius], bɛjguanʹčžui [Mandarin, Palladius], bēi gūn jyú yih [Cantonese, Yale], bei¹ gun¹ dzy² ji⁶ [Cantonese, Pinyin], béi¹ gun¹ ju² yi⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization] Forms: 悲观主义 [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 悲觀主義

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "lèguān zhǔyì",
      "word": "樂觀主義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lèguān zhǔyì",
      "word": "乐观主义"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "悲观主义",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "悲觀主義",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pessimism"
      ],
      "id": "en-悲觀主義-zh-noun-OSBe14Vm",
      "links": [
        [
          "pessimism",
          "pessimism"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bēiguānzhǔyì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bēiguānzhǔyì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "beiguanjhǔyì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pei¹-kuan¹-chu³-i⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bēi-gwān-jǔ-yì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "beiguanjuuyih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "бэйгуаньчжуи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bɛjguanʹčžui"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bēi gūn jyú yih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹ dzy² ji⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "béi¹ gun¹ ju² yi⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "悲觀主義"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "lèguān zhǔyì",
      "word": "樂觀主義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lèguān zhǔyì",
      "word": "乐观主义"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "悲观主义",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "悲觀主義",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pessimism"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pessimism",
          "pessimism"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bēiguānzhǔyì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bēiguānzhǔyì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "beiguanjhǔyì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pei¹-kuan¹-chu³-i⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bēi-gwān-jǔ-yì"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "beiguanjuuyih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "бэйгуаньчжуи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bɛjguanʹčžui"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bēi gūn jyú yih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹ dzy² ji⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "béi¹ gun¹ ju² yi⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "悲觀主義"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "悲觀主義"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "悲觀主義",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "悲觀主義"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "悲觀主義",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"悲觀主義" meaning in Chinese

Noun