See 悲觀 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "lèguān",
"word": "樂觀"
},
{
"roman": "lèguān",
"word": "乐观"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "悲观",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "悲觀",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"word": "悲觀主義"
},
{
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"word": "悲观主义"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pessimistic"
],
"id": "en-悲觀-zh-adj-pTUDsKTB",
"links": [
[
"pessimistic",
"pessimistic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bēiguān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pî-kôn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "bui^ˋ gon^ˋ"
},
{
"zh-pron": "pi-koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bēiguān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "beiguan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pei¹-kuan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bēi-gwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "beiguan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "бэйгуань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bɛjguanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bēi gūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "béi¹ gun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pî-kôn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bi^ˊ gon^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bi¹ gon¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "bui^ˋ gon^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pui⁵³ kon⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pi-koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pi-kuan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pi'koafn"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ kuan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pui⁵³ kon⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ kuan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "lèguān",
"word": "樂觀"
},
{
"roman": "lèguān",
"word": "乐观"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"word": "悲觀主義"
},
{
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"word": "悲观主义"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "悲观",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "悲觀",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 悲",
"Chinese terms spelled with 觀",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka adjectives",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin terms with homophones",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pessimistic"
],
"links": [
[
"pessimistic",
"pessimistic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bēiguān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pî-kôn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "bui^ˋ gon^ˋ"
},
{
"zh-pron": "pi-koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bēiguān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄟ ㄍㄨㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "beiguan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "pei¹-kuan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bēi-gwān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "beiguan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "бэйгуань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bɛjguanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bēi gūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bei¹ gun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "béi¹ gun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pî-kôn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bi^ˊ gon^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bi¹ gon¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "bui^ˋ gon^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pui⁵³ kon⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pi-koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pi-kuan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pi'koafn"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ kuan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pui⁵³ kon⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ kuan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "悲觀"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 悲觀 meaning in Chinese (3.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": "started on line 23, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"悲觀"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "悲觀",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.