"悲観" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hikanteki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "的",
          "てき"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "悲観的"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hikanron",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "論",
          "ろん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "悲観論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hikan shugi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "主",
          "しゅ"
        ],
        [
          "義",
          "ぎ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "悲観主義"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "悲觀",
        "4": "",
        "5": "compassionate view",
        "lit": "view of pity",
        "sort": "ひかん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "慈悲",
        "3": "",
        "4": "compassion",
        "tr": "jihi"
      },
      "expansion": "慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "悲",
        "3": "観",
        "t1": "sadness",
        "t2": "outlook"
      },
      "expansion": "悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”), a Buddhist term. Compare 慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”). Reanalyzed as 悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "悲観",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ひかん"
      },
      "expansion": "悲(ひ)観(かん) • (hikan)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Buddhism",
          "orig": "ja:Buddhism",
          "parents": [
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 9 3 18 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 6 5 24 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 6 4 25 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 6 4 24 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 6 5 25 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a compassionate world view that motivates individuals to help and eliminate suffering"
      ],
      "id": "en-悲観-ja-noun-0C-4cFzP",
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) a compassionate world view that motivates individuals to help and eliminate suffering"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "楽観"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pessimism"
      ],
      "id": "en-悲観-ja-noun-OSBe14Vm",
      "links": [
        [
          "pessimism",
          "pessimism"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "despair; discouragement"
      ],
      "id": "en-悲観-ja-noun-sE3i8Dbk",
      "links": [
        [
          "despair",
          "despair"
        ],
        [
          "discouragement",
          "discouragement"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ひかん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[çi̥kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "悲観"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "悲觀",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chinese: 悲觀／悲观 (bēiguān)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chinese: 悲觀／悲观 (bēiguān)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "비관",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 비관 (bigwan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Korean: 비관 (bigwan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "bi quan",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: bi quan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Vietnamese: bi quan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "悲觀",
        "4": "",
        "5": "compassionate view",
        "lit": "view of pity",
        "sort": "ひかん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "慈悲",
        "3": "",
        "4": "compassion",
        "tr": "jihi"
      },
      "expansion": "慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "悲",
        "3": "観",
        "t1": "sadness",
        "t2": "outlook"
      },
      "expansion": "悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”), a Buddhist term. Compare 慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”). Reanalyzed as 悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "悲観する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観し",
      "roman": "hikan shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観した",
      "roman": "hikan shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be pessimistic"
      ],
      "id": "en-悲観-ja-verb-72afJ6UU",
      "links": [
        [
          "pessimistic",
          "pessimistic"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I didn't lose hope even after I wasn't selected.",
          "roman": "Erabarenakute mo hikan shiteinai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "選",
              "えら"
            ],
            [
              "悲観",
              "ひかん"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "選ばれなくても悲観していない。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lose hope; to despair; to be disappointed"
      ],
      "id": "en-悲観-ja-verb-Md2mxJ~C"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ひかん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[çi̥kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "悲観"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese compound terms",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "hikanteki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "的",
          "てき"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "悲観的"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hikanron",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "論",
          "ろん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "悲観論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hikan shugi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "主",
          "しゅ"
        ],
        [
          "義",
          "ぎ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "悲観主義"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "悲觀",
        "4": "",
        "5": "compassionate view",
        "lit": "view of pity",
        "sort": "ひかん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "慈悲",
        "3": "",
        "4": "compassion",
        "tr": "jihi"
      },
      "expansion": "慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "悲",
        "3": "観",
        "t1": "sadness",
        "t2": "outlook"
      },
      "expansion": "悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”), a Buddhist term. Compare 慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”). Reanalyzed as 悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "悲観",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ひかん"
      },
      "expansion": "悲(ひ)観(かん) • (hikan)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "ja:Buddhism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a compassionate world view that motivates individuals to help and eliminate suffering"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) a compassionate world view that motivates individuals to help and eliminate suffering"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "楽観"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pessimism"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pessimism",
          "pessimism"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "despair; discouragement"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "despair",
          "despair"
        ],
        [
          "discouragement",
          "discouragement"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ひかん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[çi̥kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "悲観"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese compound terms",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "悲觀",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chinese: 悲觀／悲观 (bēiguān)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chinese: 悲觀／悲观 (bēiguān)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "비관",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 비관 (bigwan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Korean: 비관 (bigwan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "bi quan",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: bi quan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Vietnamese: bi quan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "悲觀",
        "4": "",
        "5": "compassionate view",
        "lit": "view of pity",
        "sort": "ひかん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "慈悲",
        "3": "",
        "4": "compassion",
        "tr": "jihi"
      },
      "expansion": "慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "悲",
        "3": "観",
        "t1": "sadness",
        "t2": "outlook"
      },
      "expansion": "悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”), a Buddhist term. Compare 慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”). Reanalyzed as 悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "悲観する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観し",
      "roman": "hikan shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観した",
      "roman": "hikan shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悲",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "観",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "悲観すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ひかんすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hikan sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be pessimistic"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pessimistic",
          "pessimistic"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I didn't lose hope even after I wasn't selected.",
          "roman": "Erabarenakute mo hikan shiteinai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "選",
              "えら"
            ],
            [
              "悲観",
              "ひかん"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "選ばれなくても悲観していない。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to lose hope; to despair; to be disappointed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ひかん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[çi̥kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "悲観"
}