See 天命 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 天命 meaning in All languages combined (19.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命",
"2": "てんめい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "天命(てんめい) (tenmei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "천명(天命)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "天命",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "thiên mệnh",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "天命"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命",
"2": "てんめい",
"3": "천명",
"4": "thiên mệnh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "天命",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "天命",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "天命",
"v": "天命",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "てんめい",
"3": "천명",
"4": "thiên mệnh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大令"
},
"expansion": "大令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大命"
},
"expansion": "大命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "魯令"
},
"expansion": "魯令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天令"
},
"expansion": "天令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "令"
},
"expansion": "令 (lìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命"
},
"expansion": "命 (mìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "帝令"
},
"expansion": "帝令",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) \"the Deity's command\" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the myriad of things in nature which make up the law of nature or natural law"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-Zou~jiUf",
"links": [
[
"myriad",
"myriad"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the will of heaven"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-lQDqzhqQ",
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 1 0 39 1 2 1 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese era names",
"orig": "zh:Chinese era names",
"parents": [
"Historical periods",
"History of China",
"History",
"Timekeeping",
"China",
"History of Asia",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Asia",
"Fundamental",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Assisting in expanding the four directions and helping to broaden the Mandate of Heaven.",
"ref": "佑闢四方，惠弘天命。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "佑辟四方，惠弘天命。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Late Western Zhou, 彔伯冬簋 \"Lubo Dong gui\" inscription, translated based on Shim (2012) and Grundmann (2022)\nYòu pì sìfāng, huì hóng tiānmìng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Great is the appointment of Heaven!",
"ref": "假哉天命！ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nJiǎ zāi tiānmìng! [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It is not my fault. It is Heaven's just decree.",
"ref": "非予罪，時惟天命。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "非予罪，时惟天命。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE\nFēi yǔ zuì, shí wéi tiānmìng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Mandate of Heaven"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-zICekIeG",
"links": [
[
"Mandate of Heaven",
"Mandate of Heaven"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 1 1 1",
"roman": "dàmìng",
"sense": "the Mandate of Heaven",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "大命"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 1 1 1",
"roman": "jǐngmìng",
"sense": "the Mandate of Heaven",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "景命"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to do one's best and leave the rest to fate",
"roman": "jìn rénshì ér tīng tiānmìng",
"text": "盡人事而聽天命／尽人事而听天命",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's fate or destiny"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-7YFmPF-Z",
"links": [
[
"fate",
"fate"
],
[
"destiny",
"destiny"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's nature or natural instincts"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-tdnBAOje",
"links": [
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"instinct",
"instinct"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's innate skills or gifts"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-ldyeY5Js",
"links": [
[
"innate",
"innate"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"gift",
"gift"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's life span or life expectancy"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-h6sF9DoX",
"links": [
[
"life span",
"life span"
],
[
"life expectancy",
"life expectancy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-III"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tīn mihng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tien´ min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tian¹ min⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰxie¹¹ mĩŋ⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tienbeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "thi^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "then mjaengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰxie¹¹ mĩŋ⁴⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shang dynasty",
"Shangdi",
"oracle bones"
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大令"
},
"expansion": "大令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大命"
},
"expansion": "大命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "魯令"
},
"expansion": "魯令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天令"
},
"expansion": "天令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "令"
},
"expansion": "令 (lìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命"
},
"expansion": "命 (mìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "帝令"
},
"expansion": "帝令",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) \"the Deity's command\" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 3 0 5 2 10 2 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 1 0 39 1 2 1 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese era names",
"orig": "zh:Chinese era names",
"parents": [
"Historical periods",
"History of China",
"History",
"Timekeeping",
"China",
"History of Asia",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Asia",
"Fundamental",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-name-gQWzU8dv",
"links": [
[
"Chinese era name",
"w:Chinese era name"
],
[
"Nurhaci",
"w:Nurhaci"
],
[
"khan",
"khan#English"
],
[
"Later Jin",
"w:Later Jin (1616–1636)"
],
[
"proclamation",
"proclamation#English"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-III"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tīn mihng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tien´ min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tian¹ min⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰxie¹¹ mĩŋ⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tienbeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "thi^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "then mjaengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰxie¹¹ mĩŋ⁴⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shang dynasty",
"Shangdi",
"oracle bones"
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of thiên mệnh."
],
"id": "en-天命-vi-noun-ZN5WYy7n",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"thiên mệnh",
"thiên mệnh#Vietnamese"
]
]
}
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"zh:Chinese era names"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命",
"2": "てんめい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "天命(てんめい) (tenmei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "천명(天命)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "天命",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "thiên mệnh",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "天命"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命",
"2": "てんめい",
"3": "천명",
"4": "thiên mệnh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "天命",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "天命",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "天命",
"v": "天命",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "てんめい",
"3": "천명",
"4": "thiên mệnh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大令"
},
"expansion": "大令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大命"
},
"expansion": "大命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "魯令"
},
"expansion": "魯令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天令"
},
"expansion": "天令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "令"
},
"expansion": "令 (lìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命"
},
"expansion": "命 (mìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "帝令"
},
"expansion": "帝令",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) \"the Deity's command\" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the myriad of things in nature which make up the law of nature or natural law"
],
"links": [
[
"myriad",
"myriad"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the will of heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Assisting in expanding the four directions and helping to broaden the Mandate of Heaven.",
"ref": "佑闢四方，惠弘天命。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "佑辟四方，惠弘天命。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Late Western Zhou, 彔伯冬簋 \"Lubo Dong gui\" inscription, translated based on Shim (2012) and Grundmann (2022)\nYòu pì sìfāng, huì hóng tiānmìng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Great is the appointment of Heaven!",
"ref": "假哉天命！ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nJiǎ zāi tiānmìng! [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It is not my fault. It is Heaven's just decree.",
"ref": "非予罪，時惟天命。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "非予罪，时惟天命。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE\nFēi yǔ zuì, shí wéi tiānmìng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Mandate of Heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"Mandate of Heaven",
"Mandate of Heaven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to do one's best and leave the rest to fate",
"roman": "jìn rénshì ér tīng tiānmìng",
"text": "盡人事而聽天命／尽人事而听天命",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's fate or destiny"
],
"links": [
[
"fate",
"fate"
],
[
"destiny",
"destiny"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's nature or natural instincts"
],
"links": [
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"instinct",
"instinct"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's innate skills or gifts"
],
"links": [
[
"innate",
"innate"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"gift",
"gift"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's life span or life expectancy"
],
"links": [
[
"life span",
"life span"
],
[
"life expectancy",
"life expectancy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-III"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tīn mihng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tien´ min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tian¹ min⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰxie¹¹ mĩŋ⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tienbeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "thi^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "then mjaengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰxie¹¹ mĩŋ⁴⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "dàmìng",
"sense": "the Mandate of Heaven",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "大命"
},
{
"roman": "jǐngmìng",
"sense": "the Mandate of Heaven",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "景命"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shang dynasty",
"Shangdi",
"oracle bones"
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"zh:Chinese era names"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大令"
},
"expansion": "大令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大命"
},
"expansion": "大命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "魯令"
},
"expansion": "魯令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天令"
},
"expansion": "天令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "令"
},
"expansion": "令 (lìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命"
},
"expansion": "命 (mìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "帝令"
},
"expansion": "帝令",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) \"the Deity's command\" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)"
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese era name",
"w:Chinese era name"
],
[
"Nurhaci",
"w:Nurhaci"
],
[
"khan",
"khan#English"
],
[
"Later Jin",
"w:Later Jin (1616–1636)"
],
[
"proclamation",
"proclamation#English"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-III"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tīn mihng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tien´ min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tian¹ min⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰxie¹¹ mĩŋ⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tienbeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "thi^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "then mjaengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰxie¹¹ mĩŋ⁴⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shang dynasty",
"Shangdi",
"oracle bones"
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of thiên mệnh."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"thiên mệnh",
"thiên mệnh#Vietnamese"
]
]
}
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"天命"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.