See 天命 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命",
"2": "てんめい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "天命(てんめい) (tenmei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "천명(天命)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "天命",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "thiên mệnh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "天命",
"t": "",
"tr": "天命"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命",
"2": "てんめい",
"3": "천명",
"4": "thiên mệnh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "天命",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "天命",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "天命",
"v": "天命",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "てんめい",
"3": "천명",
"4": "thiên mệnh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大令"
},
"expansion": "大令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大命"
},
"expansion": "大命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "魯令"
},
"expansion": "魯令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天令"
},
"expansion": "天令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "令"
},
"expansion": "令 (lìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命"
},
"expansion": "命 (mìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "帝令"
},
"expansion": "帝令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ"
},
"expansion": "Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ\nᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) \"the Deity's command\" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.\nFor the era name, see also Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ\nᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the myriad of things in nature which make up the law of nature or natural law"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-Zou~jiUf",
"links": [
[
"myriad",
"myriad"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the will of heaven"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-lQDqzhqQ",
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 1 0 83 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese politics",
"orig": "zh:Chinese politics",
"parents": [
"China",
"Politics",
"Asia",
"Society",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 2 0 59 1 4 1 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "zh:Monarchy",
"parents": [
"Forms of government",
"High society",
"Government",
"Society",
"Politics",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 0 73 2 1 2 1",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese philosophy",
"orig": "zh:Chinese philosophy",
"parents": [
"China",
"Philosophy",
"Asia",
"All topics",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Assisting in expanding the four directions and helping to broaden the Mandate of Heaven.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Late Western Zhou, 彔伯冬簋 \"Lubo Dong gui\" inscription, translated based on Shim (2012) and Grundmann (2022)",
"roman": "Yòu pì sìfāng, huì hóng tiānmìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "佑闢四方，惠弘天命。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Assisting in expanding the four directions and helping to broaden the Mandate of Heaven.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Late Western Zhou, 彔伯冬簋 \"Lubo Dong gui\" inscription, translated based on Shim (2012) and Grundmann (2022)",
"roman": "Yòu pì sìfāng, huì hóng tiānmìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "佑辟四方，惠弘天命。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Great is the appointment of Heaven!",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Jiǎ zāi tiānmìng!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "假哉天命！",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "It is not my fault. It is Heaven's just decree.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Fēi yǔ zuì, shí wéi tiānmìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "非予罪，時惟天命。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "It is not my fault. It is Heaven's just decree.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Fēi yǔ zuì, shí wéi tiānmìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "非予罪，时惟天命。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Mandate of Heaven"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-zICekIeG",
"links": [
[
"Mandate of Heaven",
"Mandate of Heaven"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 95 1 1 1 1",
"roman": "dàmìng",
"sense": "the Mandate of Heaven",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "大命"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 95 1 1 1 1",
"roman": "jǐngmìng",
"sense": "the Mandate of Heaven",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "景命"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to do one's best and leave the rest to fate",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìn rénshì ér tīng tiānmìng",
"text": "盡人事而聽天命",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to do one's best and leave the rest to fate",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìn rénshì ér tīng tiānmìng",
"text": "尽人事而听天命",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's fate or destiny"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-7YFmPF-Z",
"links": [
[
"fate",
"fate"
],
[
"destiny",
"destiny"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's nature or natural instincts"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-tdnBAOje",
"links": [
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"instinct",
"instinct"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's innate skills or gifts"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-ldyeY5Js",
"links": [
[
"innate",
"innate"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"gift",
"gift"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's life span or life expectancy"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-noun-h6sF9DoX",
"links": [
[
"life span",
"life span"
],
[
"life expectancy",
"life expectancy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-III"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˋ min^˖"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "teng¹ ming⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tīn mihng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˊ min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "tian¹ min⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˋ min^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰien⁵³ min³³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰie¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "teng¹ ming⁵ [Phonetic:teng² ming⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tienbeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "thi^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "then mjaengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰien⁵³ min³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰie¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: teng² ming⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shang dynasty",
"Shangdi",
"oracle bones"
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大令"
},
"expansion": "大令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大命"
},
"expansion": "大命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "魯令"
},
"expansion": "魯令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天令"
},
"expansion": "天令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "令"
},
"expansion": "令 (lìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命"
},
"expansion": "命 (mìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "帝令"
},
"expansion": "帝令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ"
},
"expansion": "Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ\nᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) \"the Deity's command\" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.\nFor the era name, see also Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ\nᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 2 0 6 2 10 2 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 3 1 15 2 8 2 22 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 2 0 9 1 10 1 24 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 1 0 37 1 3 1 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Chinese era names",
"orig": "zh:Chinese era names",
"parents": [
"Historical periods",
"History of China",
"History",
"Timekeeping",
"China",
"History of Asia",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Asia",
"Fundamental",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "Later Jin",
"roman": "Tiāncōng",
"word": "天聰"
},
{
"english": "Later Jin",
"roman": "Tiāncōng",
"word": "天聪"
},
{
"roman": "Chóngdé",
"word": "崇德"
},
{
"roman": "Shùnzhì",
"word": "順治"
},
{
"roman": "Shùnzhì",
"word": "顺治"
},
{
"roman": "Kāngxī",
"word": "康熙"
},
{
"roman": "Yōngzhèng",
"word": "雍正"
},
{
"roman": "Qiánlóng",
"word": "乾隆"
},
{
"roman": "Jiāqìng",
"word": "嘉慶"
},
{
"roman": "Jiāqìng",
"word": "嘉庆"
},
{
"roman": "Dàoguāng",
"word": "道光"
},
{
"roman": "Xiánfēng",
"word": "咸豐"
},
{
"english": "cancelled",
"roman": "qíxiáng",
"word": "祺祥"
},
{
"roman": "Tóngzhì",
"word": "→同治"
},
{
"roman": "Guāngxù",
"word": "光緒"
},
{
"roman": "Guāngxù",
"word": "光绪"
},
{
"roman": "Xuāntǒng",
"word": "宣統"
},
{
"roman": "Xuāntǒng",
"word": "宣统"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)"
],
"id": "en-天命-zh-name-gQWzU8dv",
"links": [
[
"Chinese era name",
"w:Chinese era name"
],
[
"Nurhaci",
"w:Nurhaci"
],
[
"khan",
"khan#English"
],
[
"Later Jin",
"w:Later Jin (1616–1636)"
],
[
"proclamation",
"proclamation#English"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-III"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˋ min^˖"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "teng¹ ming⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tīn mihng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˊ min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "tian¹ min⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˋ min^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰien⁵³ min³³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰie¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "teng¹ ming⁵ [Phonetic:teng² ming⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tienbeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "thi^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "then mjaengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰien⁵³ min³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰie¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: teng² ming⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shang dynasty",
"Shangdi",
"oracle bones"
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 命",
"Chinese terms spelled with 天",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Chinese era names",
"zh:Chinese philosophy",
"zh:Chinese politics",
"zh:Monarchy"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命",
"2": "てんめい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "天命(てんめい) (tenmei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "천명(天命)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "天命",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "thiên mệnh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "天命",
"t": "",
"tr": "天命"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命",
"2": "てんめい",
"3": "천명",
"4": "thiên mệnh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "天命",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "天命",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "天命",
"v": "天命",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "てんめい",
"3": "천명",
"4": "thiên mệnh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (天命):\n* → Japanese: 天命(てんめい) (tenmei)\n* → Korean: 천명(天命) (cheonmyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên mệnh (天命)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大令"
},
"expansion": "大令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大命"
},
"expansion": "大命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "魯令"
},
"expansion": "魯令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天令"
},
"expansion": "天令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "令"
},
"expansion": "令 (lìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命"
},
"expansion": "命 (mìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "帝令"
},
"expansion": "帝令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ"
},
"expansion": "Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ\nᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) \"the Deity's command\" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.\nFor the era name, see also Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ\nᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the myriad of things in nature which make up the law of nature or natural law"
],
"links": [
[
"myriad",
"myriad"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the will of heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Assisting in expanding the four directions and helping to broaden the Mandate of Heaven.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Late Western Zhou, 彔伯冬簋 \"Lubo Dong gui\" inscription, translated based on Shim (2012) and Grundmann (2022)",
"roman": "Yòu pì sìfāng, huì hóng tiānmìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "佑闢四方，惠弘天命。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Assisting in expanding the four directions and helping to broaden the Mandate of Heaven.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Late Western Zhou, 彔伯冬簋 \"Lubo Dong gui\" inscription, translated based on Shim (2012) and Grundmann (2022)",
"roman": "Yòu pì sìfāng, huì hóng tiānmìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "佑辟四方，惠弘天命。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Great is the appointment of Heaven!",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Jiǎ zāi tiānmìng!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "假哉天命！",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "It is not my fault. It is Heaven's just decree.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Fēi yǔ zuì, shí wéi tiānmìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "非予罪，時惟天命。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "It is not my fault. It is Heaven's just decree.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Fēi yǔ zuì, shí wéi tiānmìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "非予罪，时惟天命。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Mandate of Heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"Mandate of Heaven",
"Mandate of Heaven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to do one's best and leave the rest to fate",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìn rénshì ér tīng tiānmìng",
"text": "盡人事而聽天命",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to do one's best and leave the rest to fate",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìn rénshì ér tīng tiānmìng",
"text": "尽人事而听天命",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's fate or destiny"
],
"links": [
[
"fate",
"fate"
],
[
"destiny",
"destiny"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's nature or natural instincts"
],
"links": [
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"instinct",
"instinct"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's innate skills or gifts"
],
"links": [
[
"innate",
"innate"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"gift",
"gift"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's life span or life expectancy"
],
"links": [
[
"life span",
"life span"
],
[
"life expectancy",
"life expectancy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-III"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˋ min^˖"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "teng¹ ming⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tīn mihng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˊ min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "tian¹ min⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˋ min^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰien⁵³ min³³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰie¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "teng¹ ming⁵ [Phonetic:teng² ming⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tienbeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "thi^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "then mjaengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰien⁵³ min³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰie¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: teng² ming⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "dàmìng",
"sense": "the Mandate of Heaven",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "大命"
},
{
"roman": "jǐngmìng",
"sense": "the Mandate of Heaven",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "景命"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shang dynasty",
"Shangdi",
"oracle bones"
],
"word": "天命"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 命",
"Chinese terms spelled with 天",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Chinese era names",
"zh:Chinese philosophy",
"zh:Chinese politics",
"zh:Monarchy"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "Later Jin",
"roman": "Tiāncōng",
"word": "天聰"
},
{
"english": "Later Jin",
"roman": "Tiāncōng",
"word": "天聪"
},
{
"roman": "Chóngdé",
"word": "崇德"
},
{
"roman": "Shùnzhì",
"word": "順治"
},
{
"roman": "Shùnzhì",
"word": "顺治"
},
{
"roman": "Kāngxī",
"word": "康熙"
},
{
"roman": "Yōngzhèng",
"word": "雍正"
},
{
"roman": "Qiánlóng",
"word": "乾隆"
},
{
"roman": "Jiāqìng",
"word": "嘉慶"
},
{
"roman": "Jiāqìng",
"word": "嘉庆"
},
{
"roman": "Dàoguāng",
"word": "道光"
},
{
"roman": "Xiánfēng",
"word": "咸豐"
},
{
"english": "cancelled",
"roman": "qíxiáng",
"word": "祺祥"
},
{
"roman": "Tóngzhì",
"word": "→同治"
},
{
"roman": "Guāngxù",
"word": "光緒"
},
{
"roman": "Guāngxù",
"word": "光绪"
},
{
"roman": "Xuāntǒng",
"word": "宣統"
},
{
"roman": "Xuāntǒng",
"word": "宣统"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大令"
},
"expansion": "大令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大命"
},
"expansion": "大命",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "魯令"
},
"expansion": "魯令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "天令"
},
"expansion": "天令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "令"
},
"expansion": "令 (lìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "命"
},
"expansion": "命 (mìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "天命"
},
"expansion": "天命 (tiānmìng)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "帝令"
},
"expansion": "帝令",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ"
},
"expansion": "Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ\nᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) \"the Deity's command\" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.\nFor the era name, see also Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ\nᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "天命",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)"
],
"links": [
[
"Chinese era name",
"w:Chinese era name"
],
[
"Nurhaci",
"w:Nurhaci"
],
[
"khan",
"khan#English"
],
[
"Later Jin",
"w:Later Jin (1616–1636)"
],
[
"proclamation",
"proclamation#English"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "тянмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ti͡anmin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-III"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˋ min^˖"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "teng¹ ming⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tiānmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianmìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻien¹-ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyān-mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tianminq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тяньмин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tjanʹmin"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tīn mihng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tin¹ ming⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "thiên-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˊ min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "tian¹ min⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "tien^ˋ min^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰien⁵³ min³³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "tie¹ ming³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰie¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "teng¹ ming⁵ [Phonetic:teng² ming⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thian-bīng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tienbeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹thi-min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "thi^平 min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "then mjaengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] m-riŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰien⁵³ min³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰie¹¹ miŋ⁴⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: teng² ming⁵]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ min²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰl'iːn mreŋs/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shang dynasty",
"Shangdi",
"oracle bones"
],
"word": "天命"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 天命 meaning in Chinese (19.1kB)
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"path": [
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],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
"trace": ""
}
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"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
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"section": "Chinese",
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"title": "天命",
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"subsection": "",
"title": "天命",
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}
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"title": "天命",
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}
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.