See けり on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for けり meaning in All languages combined (24.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zarikeri",
"word": "ざりけり"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-zukeri",
"word": "ずけり"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tarikeri",
"word": "たりけり"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-tekeri",
"word": "てけり"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-tengeri",
"word": "てんげり"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "narikeri",
"word": "なりけり"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-nikeri",
"word": "にけり"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yorikeri",
"word": "よりけり"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-rikeri",
"word": "りけり"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ke₁ri⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ke₁ri⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "けり",
"tr": "ke₁ri"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese けり (ke₁ri)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "来 (ku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"tr": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来る (kuru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来",
"3": "あり",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来</i> (ku), modern <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来る</i> (kuru), “to come”",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "ki",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "来 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 来 (ku), modern 来る (kuru), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "き",
"3": "",
"alt2": "あり",
"pos1": "the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "-ki",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki, the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "き",
"tr": "-ki"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来",
"tr": "ki"
},
"expansion": "来 (ki)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩ → ⟨ke₁ri⟩ → */kʲeri/ → /keri/\nFrom Old Japanese けり (ke₁ri).\nContraction of 来 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 来 (ku), modern 来る (kuru), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”), or of き (-ki, the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”).\nAlthough Japanese sources are consistent in listing past-recollective auxiliary suffix き (-ki) as a possible root, this auxiliary notably had no known 連用形 (ren'yōkei), the conjugation form required for an inflecting word (such as a verb or adjective) to compound with another inflecting word. Thus, the 来 (ki) derivation seems more likely.\nThe “ending” sense is an extension of the first suffix sense because it is often used at the end of a poem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-keri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "けら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kerazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "keredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "keraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "けりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "keriki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "けりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kerikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "けりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "keritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kerinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "keritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "keramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "rahen"
},
"expansion": "けり • (-keri) ^†-ri",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "け",
"2": "irreg-r",
"f1": "けら",
"f10": "けらば",
"f3": "けり",
"f4": "ける",
"f5": "けれ",
"f7": "けらず",
"f8": "けれど",
"f9": "ければ"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "iro otoko kane to chikara wa nakarikeri",
"ruby": [
[
"色",
"いろ"
],
[
"男",
"をとこ"
],
[
"金",
"かね"
],
[
"力",
"ちから"
],
[
"無",
"な"
]
],
"word": "色男金と力は無かりけり"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 12 1 49 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 64 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 11 1 47 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 11 1 51 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 3 0 23 5 22 21 19 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"今",
"いま"
],
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"竹",
"たけ"
],
[
"取",
"とり"
],
[
"翁",
"おきな"
]
],
"text": "c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari\n今は昔竹取の翁といふものありけり\nima wa mukashi taketori no okina to iu mono arikeri\nLong ago there was an old man who cut bamboo."
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating past tense: -ed"
],
"id": "en-けり-ja-suffix-CiabPKFQ",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"past tense",
"past tense#English"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicating past tense: -ed"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Even in the capital of Nara, now an older town, the flowers bloomed just as colorfully, didn't they.",
"ref": "905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 2, poem 90)",
"roman": "furusato to narinishi Nara no miyako ni mo iro wa kawarazu hana wa sakikeri",
"ruby": [
[
"奈",
"な"
],
[
"良",
"ら"
],
[
"都",
"みやこ"
],
[
"色",
"いろ"
],
[
"花",
"はな"
],
[
"咲",
"さ"
]
],
"text": "ふるさととなりにし奈良の都にも色はかはらず花は咲きけり"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating the speaker has just realized something"
],
"id": "en-けり-ja-suffix-cPINKAII",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"realize",
"realize#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicating the speaker has just realized something"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けり"
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ke₁ri⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ke₁ri⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "けり",
"tr": "ke₁ri"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese けり (ke₁ri)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "来 (ku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"tr": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来る (kuru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来",
"3": "あり",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来</i> (ku), modern <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来る</i> (kuru), “to come”",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "ki",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "来 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 来 (ku), modern 来る (kuru), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "き",
"3": "",
"alt2": "あり",
"pos1": "the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "-ki",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki, the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "き",
"tr": "-ki"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来",
"tr": "ki"
},
"expansion": "来 (ki)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩ → ⟨ke₁ri⟩ → */kʲeri/ → /keri/\nFrom Old Japanese けり (ke₁ri).\nContraction of 来 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 来 (ku), modern 来る (kuru), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”), or of き (-ki, the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”).\nAlthough Japanese sources are consistent in listing past-recollective auxiliary suffix き (-ki) as a possible root, this auxiliary notably had no known 連用形 (ren'yōkei), the conjugation form required for an inflecting word (such as a verb or adjective) to compound with another inflecting word. Thus, the 来 (ki) derivation seems more likely.\nThe “ending” sense is an extension of the first suffix sense because it is often used at the end of a poem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "けり • (keri)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an ending, conclusion"
],
"id": "en-けり-ja-noun-DAghXPLv",
"links": [
[
"ending",
"ending"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "keri o tsukeru",
"ruby": [
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"word": "けりを付ける"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けり"
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蹴り",
"3": "",
"4": "kicking; kicker",
"tr": "keri"
},
"expansion": "蹴り (keri, “kicking; kicker”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蹴る",
"3": "",
"4": "to kick",
"tr": "keru"
},
"expansion": "蹴る (keru, “to kick”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kicks"
},
"expansion": "English kicks",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly metonymy from 蹴り (keri, “kicking; kicker”) from the verb 蹴る (keru, “to kick”). Compare English kicks.\nAppears to be specific to northern Honshū.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "けり • (keri)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Akita Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tsugaru Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes"
],
"id": "en-けり-ja-noun-JXF4z6us",
"links": [
[
"footwear",
"footwear"
],
[
"footgear",
"footgear"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"shoes",
"shoes"
]
],
"qualifier": "Akita",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialect, Akita, Tsugaru) footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Readings of various kanji.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "けり",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ケリ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ケリ"
},
"expansion": "けり or ケリ • (keri)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"鳧, 計里, 水札: grey-headed lapwing"
],
"id": "en-けり-ja-noun-mevsILwX",
"links": [
[
"鳧",
"鳧#Japanese"
],
[
"計里",
"計里#Japanese"
],
[
"水札",
"水札#Japanese"
],
[
"grey",
"grey"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"lapwing",
"lapwing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"蹴り: kick"
],
"id": "en-けり-ja-noun-vN2EydH1",
"links": [
[
"蹴り",
"蹴り#Japanese"
],
[
"kick",
"kick"
]
]
}
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "narike1ri",
"word": "なりけり"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "けり",
"tr": "-keri"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: けり (-keri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: けり (-keri)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "來",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "來 (ku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "來",
"3": "あり",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ojp\">來</i> (ku), “to come”",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "ki₁",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "來 (ki₁, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 來 (ku), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "き",
"3": "",
"alt2": "あり",
"pos1": "verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "-ki₁",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki₁, verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "き",
"tr": "-ki₁"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki₁)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "來",
"tr": "ki₁"
},
"expansion": "來 (ki₁)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contraction of 來 (ki₁, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 來 (ku), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”), or of き (-ki₁, verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”).\nAlthough Japanese sources are consistent in listing past-recollective auxiliary suffix き (-ki₁) as a possible root, this auxiliary notably had no known 連用形 (ren'yōkei), the conjugation form required for an inflecting word (such as a verb or adjective) to compound with another inflecting word. Thus, the 來 (ki₁) derivation seems more likely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ke₁ri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "けら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kerazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "keredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "keraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "suffix",
"tr": "-ke₁ri"
},
"expansion": "けり (-ke₁ri)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f1": "けら",
"f10": "けらば",
"f3": "けり",
"f4": "ける",
"f5": "けれ",
"f7": "けらず",
"f8": "けれど",
"f9": "ければ"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 3 0 23 5 22 21 19 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"auxiliary verb indicating past tense: -ed"
],
"id": "en-けり-ojp-suffix-PlV4XPd~",
"links": [
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb#English"
],
[
"past tense",
"past tense#English"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 3 0 23 5 22 21 19 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"auxiliary verb indicating that the speaker has just realized something"
],
"id": "en-けり-ojp-suffix-uzi3QbiD",
"links": [
[
"realize",
"realize#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 3 0 23 5 22 21 19 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": ", text here\n嘆管大夫之戀礼許曽吾髪結乃漬而奴礼計礼\nnage₂ki₁tutu masurawo no₂ ko₁ no₂ ko₁pure ko₂so₂ waga yupi₁kami₁ no₂ pi₁tite nureke₁re\nIt is precisely because a distinguished man like you longs for me that my hair is drenched and come undone.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"auxiliary verb indicating that the speaker already realized something and points out a rationale: that's why it was..."
],
"id": "en-けり-ojp-suffix-joTBI7Mw",
"links": [
[
"points out",
"point out#English"
],
[
"rationale",
"rationale#English"
],
[
"that's",
"that's"
],
[
"why",
"why"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"was",
"be"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ke₁ri⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ke₁ri⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩ → ⟨ke₁ri⟩",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ke₁ri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "けら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kerazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "keredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "keraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "keriki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "けりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kerikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "けりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "keritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kerinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "keritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "keramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "verb",
"tr": "ke₁ri"
},
"expansion": "けり (ke₁ri)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "け",
"2": "irreg-r"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"著り, 服り: wearing"
],
"id": "en-けり-ojp-verb--~rBiN07",
"links": [
[
"著り",
"著り#Old Japanese"
],
[
"服り",
"服り#Old Japanese"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"來り: coming"
],
"id": "en-けり-ojp-verb-YhXCMQFq",
"links": [
[
"來り",
"來り#Old Japanese"
],
[
"coming",
"come"
]
]
}
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "zarikeri",
"word": "ざりけり"
},
{
"roman": "-zukeri",
"word": "ずけり"
},
{
"roman": "tarikeri",
"word": "たりけり"
},
{
"roman": "-tekeri",
"word": "てけり"
},
{
"roman": "-tengeri",
"word": "てんげり"
},
{
"roman": "narikeri",
"word": "なりけり"
},
{
"roman": "-nikeri",
"word": "にけり"
},
{
"roman": "yorikeri",
"word": "よりけり"
},
{
"roman": "-rikeri",
"word": "りけり"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ke₁ri⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ke₁ri⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "けり",
"tr": "ke₁ri"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese けり (ke₁ri)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "来 (ku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"tr": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来る (kuru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来",
"3": "あり",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来</i> (ku), modern <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来る</i> (kuru), “to come”",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "ki",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "来 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 来 (ku), modern 来る (kuru), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "き",
"3": "",
"alt2": "あり",
"pos1": "the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "-ki",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki, the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "き",
"tr": "-ki"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来",
"tr": "ki"
},
"expansion": "来 (ki)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩ → ⟨ke₁ri⟩ → */kʲeri/ → /keri/\nFrom Old Japanese けり (ke₁ri).\nContraction of 来 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 来 (ku), modern 来る (kuru), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”), or of き (-ki, the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”).\nAlthough Japanese sources are consistent in listing past-recollective auxiliary suffix き (-ki) as a possible root, this auxiliary notably had no known 連用形 (ren'yōkei), the conjugation form required for an inflecting word (such as a verb or adjective) to compound with another inflecting word. Thus, the 来 (ki) derivation seems more likely.\nThe “ending” sense is an extension of the first suffix sense because it is often used at the end of a poem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-keri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "けら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kerazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "keredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "keraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "けりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "keriki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "けりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kerikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "けりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "keritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kerinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "keritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "keramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "rahen"
},
"expansion": "けり • (-keri) ^†-ri",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "け",
"2": "irreg-r",
"f1": "けら",
"f10": "けらば",
"f3": "けり",
"f4": "ける",
"f5": "けれ",
"f7": "けらず",
"f8": "けれど",
"f9": "ければ"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "iro otoko kane to chikara wa nakarikeri",
"ruby": [
[
"色",
"いろ"
],
[
"男",
"をとこ"
],
[
"金",
"かね"
],
[
"力",
"ちから"
],
[
"無",
"な"
]
],
"word": "色男金と力は無かりけり"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"今",
"いま"
],
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"竹",
"たけ"
],
[
"取",
"とり"
],
[
"翁",
"おきな"
]
],
"text": "c. late 9th–mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari\n今は昔竹取の翁といふものありけり\nima wa mukashi taketori no okina to iu mono arikeri\nLong ago there was an old man who cut bamboo."
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating past tense: -ed"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"past tense",
"past tense#English"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicating past tense: -ed"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Even in the capital of Nara, now an older town, the flowers bloomed just as colorfully, didn't they.",
"ref": "905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 2, poem 90)",
"roman": "furusato to narinishi Nara no miyako ni mo iro wa kawarazu hana wa sakikeri",
"ruby": [
[
"奈",
"な"
],
[
"良",
"ら"
],
[
"都",
"みやこ"
],
[
"色",
"いろ"
],
[
"花",
"はな"
],
[
"咲",
"さ"
]
],
"text": "ふるさととなりにし奈良の都にも色はかはらず花は咲きけり"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating the speaker has just realized something"
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"realize",
"realize#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese) indicating the speaker has just realized something"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けり"
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ke₁ri⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ke₁ri⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "けり",
"tr": "ke₁ri"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese けり (ke₁ri)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "来 (ku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"tr": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来る (kuru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来",
"3": "あり",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来</i> (ku), modern <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">来る</i> (kuru), “to come”",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "ki",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "来 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 来 (ku), modern 来る (kuru), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "き",
"3": "",
"alt2": "あり",
"pos1": "the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "-ki",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki, the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "き",
"tr": "-ki"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来",
"tr": "ki"
},
"expansion": "来 (ki)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩ → ⟨ke₁ri⟩ → */kʲeri/ → /keri/\nFrom Old Japanese けり (ke₁ri).\nContraction of 来 (ki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 来 (ku), modern 来る (kuru), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”), or of き (-ki, the Old Japanese and classical Japanese verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”).\nAlthough Japanese sources are consistent in listing past-recollective auxiliary suffix き (-ki) as a possible root, this auxiliary notably had no known 連用形 (ren'yōkei), the conjugation form required for an inflecting word (such as a verb or adjective) to compound with another inflecting word. Thus, the 来 (ki) derivation seems more likely.\nThe “ending” sense is an extension of the first suffix sense because it is often used at the end of a poem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "けり • (keri)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "keri o tsukeru",
"ruby": [
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"word": "けりを付ける"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an ending, conclusion"
],
"links": [
[
"ending",
"ending"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けり"
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蹴り",
"3": "",
"4": "kicking; kicker",
"tr": "keri"
},
"expansion": "蹴り (keri, “kicking; kicker”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "蹴る",
"3": "",
"4": "to kick",
"tr": "keru"
},
"expansion": "蹴る (keru, “to kick”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kicks"
},
"expansion": "English kicks",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly metonymy from 蹴り (keri, “kicking; kicker”) from the verb 蹴る (keru, “to kick”). Compare English kicks.\nAppears to be specific to northern Honshū.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "けり • (keri)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Akita Japanese",
"Japanese dialectal terms",
"Tsugaru Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes"
],
"links": [
[
"footwear",
"footwear"
],
[
"footgear",
"footgear"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"shoes",
"shoes"
]
],
"qualifier": "Akita",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialect, Akita, Tsugaru) footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ke̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Readings of various kanji.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "けり",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ケリ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ケリ"
},
"expansion": "けり or ケリ • (keri)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"鳧, 計里, 水札: grey-headed lapwing"
],
"links": [
[
"鳧",
"鳧#Japanese"
],
[
"計里",
"計里#Japanese"
],
[
"水札",
"水札#Japanese"
],
[
"grey",
"grey"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"lapwing",
"lapwing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"蹴り: kick"
],
"links": [
[
"蹴り",
"蹴り#Japanese"
],
[
"kick",
"kick"
]
]
}
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese compound terms",
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese suffixes",
"Old Japanese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "narike1ri",
"word": "なりけり"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "けり",
"tr": "-keri"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: けり (-keri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: けり (-keri)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "stem or continuative form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "來",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "來 (ku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "來",
"3": "あり",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ojp\">來</i> (ku), “to come”",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "ki₁",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "來 (ki₁, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 來 (ku), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "き",
"3": "",
"alt2": "あり",
"pos1": "verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection",
"t2": "to be",
"tr1": "-ki₁",
"tr2": "ari"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki₁, verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "き",
"tr": "-ki₁"
},
"expansion": "き (-ki₁)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "來",
"tr": "ki₁"
},
"expansion": "來 (ki₁)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contraction of 來 (ki₁, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 來 (ku), “to come”) + あり (ari, “to be”), or of き (-ki₁, verb auxiliary suffix indicating past recollection) + あり (ari, “to be”).\nAlthough Japanese sources are consistent in listing past-recollective auxiliary suffix き (-ki₁) as a possible root, this auxiliary notably had no known 連用形 (ren'yōkei), the conjugation form required for an inflecting word (such as a verb or adjective) to compound with another inflecting word. Thus, the 來 (ki₁) derivation seems more likely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ke₁ri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "けら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kerazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "keredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "keraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "suffix",
"tr": "-ke₁ri"
},
"expansion": "けり (-ke₁ri)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f1": "けら",
"f10": "けらば",
"f3": "けり",
"f4": "ける",
"f5": "けれ",
"f7": "けらず",
"f8": "けれど",
"f9": "ければ"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"auxiliary verb indicating past tense: -ed"
],
"links": [
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb#English"
],
[
"past tense",
"past tense#English"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"auxiliary verb indicating that the speaker has just realized something"
],
"links": [
[
"realize",
"realize#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": ", text here\n嘆管大夫之戀礼許曽吾髪結乃漬而奴礼計礼\nnage₂ki₁tutu masurawo no₂ ko₁ no₂ ko₁pure ko₂so₂ waga yupi₁kami₁ no₂ pi₁tite nureke₁re\nIt is precisely because a distinguished man like you longs for me that my hair is drenched and come undone.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"auxiliary verb indicating that the speaker already realized something and points out a rationale: that's why it was..."
],
"links": [
[
"points out",
"point out#English"
],
[
"rationale",
"rationale#English"
],
[
"that's",
"that's"
],
[
"why",
"why"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"was",
"be"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "けり"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Japanese lemmas",
"Old Japanese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ke₁ri⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ke₁ri⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨ki₁ ari⟩ → ⟨ke₁ri⟩",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ke₁ri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "けら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "keri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "keru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "けらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kerazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "keredo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ければ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "keraba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "keriki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "けりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kerikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "けりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "keritu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kerinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "keritari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "けらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "keramu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "verb",
"tr": "ke₁ri"
},
"expansion": "けり (ke₁ri)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "け",
"2": "irreg-r"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"著り, 服り: wearing"
],
"links": [
[
"著り",
"著り#Old Japanese"
],
[
"服り",
"服り#Old Japanese"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"來り: coming"
],
"links": [
[
"來り",
"來り#Old Japanese"
],
[
"coming",
"come"
]
]
}
],
"word": "けり"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.