"दुःख" meaning in All languages combined

See दुःख on Wiktionary

Noun [Hindi]

IPA: /d̪ʊkʰ/ [Delhi-Hindi]
Etymology: Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha). Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|hi|sa|दुःख|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha), {{bor+|hi|sa|दुःख}} Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha) Head templates: {{hi-noun|g=m|ur=دکھ}} दुःख • (duḥkh) m (Urdu spelling دکھ) Inflection templates: {{hi-ndecl|<M>}} Forms: duḥkh [romanization], دکھ [Urdu], no-table-tags [table-tags], दुःख [direct, singular], दुःख [direct, plural], दुःख [oblique, singular], दुःखों [oblique, plural], दुःख [singular, vocative], दुःखो [plural, vocative]
  1. sorrow, grief, sadness Categories (topical): Emotions Synonyms: ग़म, उदासी
    Sense id: en-दुःख-hi-noun-nG0PPI9A Disambiguation of Emotions: 46 54
  2. suffering, distress Categories (topical): Emotions Synonyms: कष्ट
    Sense id: en-दुःख-hi-noun-6-HYW5c7 Disambiguation of Emotions: 46 54 Categories (other): Hindi entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Hindi entries with incorrect language header: 40 60
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: दुख (dukh)

Noun [Nepali]

IPA: [d̪uk̚kʰʌ], [d̪uk̞ʰʌ] Forms: duḥkha [romanization]
Etymology: Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha). Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|ne|sa|दुःख|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha), {{bor+|ne|sa|दुःख}} Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha) Head templates: {{ne-noun|tr=duḥkha}} दुःख • (duḥkha)
  1. sorrow, grief, sadness Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-दुःख-ne-noun-nG0PPI9A Disambiguation of Emotions: 38 39 6 18
  2. suffering, distress Categories (topical): Emotions Synonyms: वेदना, कष्ट, क्लेश
    Sense id: en-दुःख-ne-noun-6-HYW5c7 Disambiguation of Emotions: 38 39 6 18
  3. trouble, hardship Synonyms: तकलीफ
    Sense id: en-दुःख-ne-noun-aIa3L2qW
  4. shortage, need Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-दुःख-ne-noun-xpEaFpGx Disambiguation of Emotions: 38 39 6 18 Categories (other): Nepali entries with incorrect language header, Nepali terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Nepali terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Nepali entries with incorrect language header: 11 14 12 63 Disambiguation of Nepali terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 11 16 12 61 Disambiguation of Nepali terms with redundant script codes: 9 14 12 64
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: दुख (dukha)

Adjective [Sanskrit]

IPA: /duh.kʰɐ́/ [Vedic], [dux.kʰɐ́] [Vedic], /ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/ [Classical] Forms: duḥkhá [romanization]
Etymology: Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha). Etymology templates: {{bor|sa|pra|-}} Prakrit, {{m|sa|दुःस्थ||poor}} दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), {{af|sa|दुस्-|स्था|alt2=स्थ}} दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha) Head templates: {{head|sa|adjective|tr=duḥkhá}} दुःख • (duḥkhá)
  1. painful, uncomfortable, uneasy, difficult
    Sense id: en-दुःख-sa-adj-McaAL~I2 Categories (other): Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्- Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्-: 48 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: दुᳵख (duxkha), দুঃখ [Assamese, character], ᬤᬸᬄᬔ [Balinese, character], দুঃখ [Bengali], 𑀤𑀼𑀂𑀔 [Brahmi, character], ဒုးခ [Burmese, character], દુઃખ [Gujarati, character], ਦੁਃਖ [Gurmukhi, character], ꦢꦸꦃꦑ [Javanese, character], ದುಃಖ [Kannada, character], ទុះខ [Khmer, character], ທຸະຂ [Lao, character], ദുഃഖ [Malayalam, character], 𑘟𑘳𑘾𑘏 [Modi, character], ᢑᠤᢁ᠋ᠻᠠ [Mongolian], 𑐡𑐸𑑅𑐏 [Newa, character], ଦୁଃଖ [Odia, character], ꢣꢸꢁꢓ [Saurashtra, character], 𑆢𑆶𑆂𑆒 [Sharada, character], දුඃඛ [Sinhalese, character], 𑚛𑚰𑚬𑚋 [Takri, character], து³𑌃க² [Tamil, character], దుఃఖ [Telugu, character], ทุะข [Thai, character], དུཿ་ཁ [Tibetan, character], 𑒠𑒳𑓁𑒐 [Tirhuta, character] Synonyms (Bhaiksuki script): 𑰟𑰲𑰾𑰏 Synonyms (Grantha script): 𑌦𑍁𑌃𑌖 Synonyms (Kaithi script): 𑂠𑂳𑂂𑂎 Synonyms (Nandinagari script): 𑦿𑧔𑧟𑦯 Synonyms (Siddham script): 𑖟𑖲𑖾𑖏 Synonyms (Soyombo script): 𑩭𑩒𑪗𑩝 Disambiguation of 'Bhaiksuki script': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Grantha script': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Kaithi script': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Nandinagari script': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Siddham script': 0 0 Disambiguation of 'Soyombo script': 100 0

Noun [Sanskrit]

IPA: /duh.kʰɐ́/ [Vedic], [dux.kʰɐ́] [Vedic], /ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/ [Classical]
Etymology: Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha). Etymology templates: {{bor|sa|pra|-}} Prakrit, {{m|sa|दुःस्थ||poor}} दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), {{af|sa|दुस्-|स्था|alt2=स्थ}} दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha) Head templates: {{sa-noun|g=n|tr=duḥkhá}} दुःख • (duḥkhá) stem, n Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-noun-n|duḥkhá}} Forms: duḥkhá [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], दुःखम् [nominative, singular], दुःखे [dual, nominative], दुःखानि [nominative, plural], दुःखा1 [nominative, plural], दुःख [singular, vocative], दुःखे [dual, vocative], दुःखानि [plural, vocative], दुःखा1 [plural, vocative], दुःखम् [accusative, singular], दुःखे [accusative, dual], दुःखानि [accusative, plural], दुःखा1 [accusative, plural], दुःखेन [instrumental, singular], दुःखाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], दुःखैः [instrumental, plural], दुःखेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], दुःखाय [dative, singular], दुःखाभ्याम् [dative, dual], दुःखेभ्यः [dative, plural], दुःखात् [ablative, singular], दुःखाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], दुःखेभ्यः [ablative, plural], दुःखस्य [genitive, singular], दुःखयोः [dual, genitive], दुःखानाम् [genitive, plural], दुःखे [locative, singular], दुःखयोः [dual, locative], दुःखेषु [locative, plural]
  1. sorrow, distress, suffering, grief, misery, uneasiness, pain Categories (topical): Emotions Synonyms (Manchu script): ᡩᡠᢁᡘᠠ Synonyms (Zanabazar Square script): 𑨛𑨃𑨹𑨌
    Sense id: en-दुःख-sa-noun-rLJBuiPX Disambiguation of Emotions: 32 68 Categories (other): Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit terms borrowed back into Sanskrit, Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्-, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 41 59 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms borrowed back into Sanskrit: 42 58 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्-: 48 52 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 19 81 Disambiguation of 'Manchu script': 60 40 Disambiguation of 'Zanabazar Square script': 100 0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: दुᳵख (duxkha), দুঃখ [Assamese, character], ᬤᬸᬄᬔ [Balinese, character], দুঃখ [Bengali], 𑀤𑀼𑀂𑀔 [Brahmi, character], ဒုးခ [Burmese, character], દુઃખ [Gujarati, character], ਦੁਃਖ [Gurmukhi, character], ꦢꦸꦃꦑ [Javanese, character], ದುಃಖ [Kannada, character], ទុះខ [Khmer, character], ທຸະຂ [Lao, character], ദുഃഖ [Malayalam, character], 𑘟𑘳𑘾𑘏 [Modi, character], ᢑᠤᢁ᠋ᠻᠠ [Mongolian], 𑐡𑐸𑑅𑐏 [Newa, character], ଦୁଃଖ [Odia, character], ꢣꢸꢁꢓ [Saurashtra, character], 𑆢𑆶𑆂𑆒 [Sharada, character], දුඃඛ [Sinhalese, character], 𑚛𑚰𑚬𑚋 [Takri, character], து³𑌃க² [Tamil, character], దుఃఖ [Telugu, character], ทุะข [Thai, character], དུཿ་ཁ [Tibetan, character], 𑒠𑒳𑓁𑒐 [Tirhuta, character] Synonyms (Bhaiksuki script): 𑰟𑰲𑰾𑰏 Synonyms (Grantha script): 𑌦𑍁𑌃𑌖 Synonyms (Kaithi script): 𑂠𑂳𑂂𑂎 Synonyms (Nandinagari script): 𑦿𑧔𑧟𑦯 Synonyms (Siddham script): 𑖟𑖲𑖾𑖏 Synonyms (Soyombo script): 𑩭𑩒𑪗𑩝 Disambiguation of 'Bhaiksuki script': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Grantha script': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Kaithi script': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Nandinagari script': 100 0 Disambiguation of 'Siddham script': 0 0 Disambiguation of 'Soyombo script': 100 0

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for दुःख meaning in All languages combined (21.4kB)

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  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duḥkh",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
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    },
    {
      "form": "دکھ",
      "tags": [
        "Urdu"
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      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
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      "form": "hi-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
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      "form": "cons-stem",
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      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखों",
      "roman": "duḥkhõ",
      "source": "declension",
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      "roman": "duḥkh",
      "source": "declension",
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        "vocative"
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      "roman": "duḥkho",
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        "vocative"
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      "expansion": "दुःख • (duḥkh) m (Urdu spelling دکھ)",
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    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "<M>"
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  "lang": "Hindi",
  "lang_code": "hi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hi",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "hi:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
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          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "You should share your sorrows with friends.",
          "roman": "apnā duḥkh mitra ke sāth bā̃ṭnā cāhie.",
          "text": "अपना दुःख मित्र के साथ बाँटना चाहिए।",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
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        "sorrow, grief, sadness"
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      "id": "en-दुःख-hi-noun-nG0PPI9A",
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          "sorrow"
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          "sadness",
          "sadness"
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      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ग़म"
        },
        {
          "word": "उदासी"
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "word": "सुख"
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      ],
      "categories": [
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          ],
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He has endured much suffering in his life.",
          "roman": "usne jīvan mẽ bahut duḥkh uṭhāyā.",
          "text": "उसने जीवन में बहुत दुःख उठाया।",
          "type": "example"
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        "suffering, distress"
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          "distress"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "कष्ट"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ʊkʰ/",
      "tags": [
        "Delhi-Hindi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dukh",
      "word": "दुख"
    }
  ],
  "word": "दुःख"
}

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  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).",
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          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "वेदना"
        },
        {
          "word": "कष्ट"
        },
        {
          "word": "क्लेश"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "trouble, hardship"
      ],
      "id": "en-दुःख-ne-noun-aIa3L2qW",
      "links": [
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          "trouble",
          "trouble"
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        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
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      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "तकलीफ"
        }
      ]
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    {
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          "name": "Nepali entries with incorrect language header",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "11 16 12 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Nepali terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "9 14 12 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Nepali terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
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          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 39 6 18",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ne",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "ne:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shortage, need"
      ],
      "id": "en-दुःख-ne-noun-xpEaFpGx",
      "links": [
        [
          "shortage",
          "shortage"
        ],
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪uk̚kʰʌ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪uk̞ʰʌ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "dukha",
      "word": "दुख"
    }
  ],
  "word": "दुःख"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as",
            "2": "দুখ"
          },
          "expansion": "Assamese: দুখ (dukh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Assamese: দুখ (dukh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "ਦੁੱਖ"
          },
          "expansion": "Punjabi: ਦੁੱਖ (dukkha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Punjabi: ਦੁੱਖ (dukkha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rom",
            "2": "dukh"
          },
          "expansion": "Romani: dukh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romani: dukh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "দুঃখ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: দুঃখ (dukkho)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: দুঃখ (dukkho)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bcl",
            "2": "dukha",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bikol Central: dukha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bikol Central: dukha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "दुःख",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kn",
            "2": "ದುಃಖ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kannada: ದುಃಖ (duḥkha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kannada: ದುಃಖ (duḥkha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "ദുഃഖം",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malayalam: ദുഃഖം (duḥkhaṁ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malayalam: ദുഃഖം (duḥkhaṁ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "दुःख",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Marathi: दुःख (duḥkha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Marathi: दुःख (duḥkha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ne",
            "2": "दुःख",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "duḥkha"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "dukkha",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Pali: dukkha\n→ Malay: duka\n→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)\n→ English: dukkha\n→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)\n→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)\n→ Tagalog: dukhâ",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Pali: dukkha\n→ Malay: duka\n→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)\n→ English: dukkha\n→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)\n→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)\n→ Tagalog: dukhâ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tl",
            "2": "dukha",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tagalog: dukha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tagalog: dukha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "दुख",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Hindi: दुख (dukh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Hindi: दुख (dukh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "دکھ",
            "der": "1",
            "tr": "dukh"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Urdu: دکھ (dukh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Urdu: دکھ (dukh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ta",
            "2": "துக்கம்",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tamil: துக்கம் (tukkam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tamil: துக்கம் (tukkam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "te",
            "2": "దుఃఖము",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Telugu: దుఃఖము (duḥkhamu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Telugu: దుఃఖము (duḥkhamu)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "pra",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Prakrit",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दुःस्थ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दुस्-",
        "3": "स्था",
        "alt2": "स्थ"
      },
      "expansion": "दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duḥkhá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखे",
      "roman": "duḥkhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखानि",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखा1",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःख",
      "roman": "dúḥkha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखे",
      "roman": "dúḥkhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखानि",
      "roman": "dúḥkhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखा1",
      "roman": "dúḥkhā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखे",
      "roman": "duḥkhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखानि",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखा1",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेन",
      "roman": "duḥkhéna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखैः",
      "roman": "duḥkhaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेभिः1",
      "roman": "duḥkhébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखाय",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेभ्यः",
      "roman": "duḥkhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखात्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेभ्यः",
      "roman": "duḥkhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखस्य",
      "roman": "duḥkhásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखयोः",
      "roman": "duḥkháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखानाम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखे",
      "roman": "duḥkhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखयोः",
      "roman": "duḥkháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेषु",
      "roman": "duḥkhéṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "tr": "duḥkhá"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःख • (duḥkhá) stem, n",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "duḥkhá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms borrowed back into Sanskrit",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "sa:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, distress, suffering, grief, misery, uneasiness, pain"
      ],
      "id": "en-दुःख-sa-noun-rLJBuiPX",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ],
        [
          "uneasiness",
          "uneasiness"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "60 40",
          "sense": "Manchu script",
          "word": "ᡩᡠᢁᡘᠠ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "sense": "Zanabazar Square script",
          "word": "𑨛𑨃𑨹𑨌"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/duh.kʰɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[dux.kʰɐ́]",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "duxkha",
      "word": "दुᳵख"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Assamese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᬤᬸᬄᬔ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀤𑀼𑀂𑀔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ဒုးခ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Gujarati",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "દુઃખ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Gurmukhi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ਦੁਃਖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Javanese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꦢꦸꦃꦑ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Kannada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ದುಃಖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ទុះខ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ທຸະຂ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Malayalam",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ദുഃഖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Modi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑘟𑘳𑘾𑘏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᢑᠤᢁ᠋ᠻᠠ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Newa",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑐡𑐸𑑅𑐏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Odia",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ଦୁଃଖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Saurashtra",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꢣꢸꢁꢓ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Sharada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑆢𑆶𑆂𑆒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "දුඃඛ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Takri",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑚛𑚰𑚬𑚋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Tamil",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "து³𑌃க²"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Telugu",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "దుఃఖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ทุะข"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Tibetan",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "དུཿ་ཁ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Tirhuta",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑒠𑒳𑓁𑒐"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "word": "𑰟𑰲𑰾𑰏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Grantha script",
      "word": "𑌦𑍁𑌃𑌖"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Kaithi script",
      "word": "𑂠𑂳𑂂𑂎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Nandinagari script",
      "word": "𑦿𑧔𑧟𑦯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "sense": "Siddham script",
      "word": "𑖟𑖲𑖾𑖏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Soyombo script",
      "word": "𑩭𑩒𑪗𑩝"
    }
  ],
  "word": "दुःख"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "pra",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Prakrit",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दुःस्थ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दुस्-",
        "3": "स्था",
        "alt2": "स्थ"
      },
      "expansion": "दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duḥkhá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "adjective",
        "tr": "duḥkhá"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःख • (duḥkhá)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "painful, uncomfortable, uneasy, difficult"
      ],
      "id": "en-दुःख-sa-adj-McaAL~I2",
      "links": [
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ],
        [
          "uncomfortable",
          "uncomfortable"
        ],
        [
          "uneasy",
          "uneasy"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/duh.kʰɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[dux.kʰɐ́]",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "duxkha",
      "word": "दुᳵख"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Assamese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᬤᬸᬄᬔ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀤𑀼𑀂𑀔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ဒုးခ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Gujarati",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "દુઃખ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Gurmukhi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ਦੁਃਖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Javanese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꦢꦸꦃꦑ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Kannada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ದುಃಖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ទុះខ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ທຸະຂ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Malayalam",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ദുഃഖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Modi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑘟𑘳𑘾𑘏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᢑᠤᢁ᠋ᠻᠠ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Newa",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑐡𑐸𑑅𑐏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Odia",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ଦୁଃଖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Saurashtra",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꢣꢸꢁꢓ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Sharada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑆢𑆶𑆂𑆒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "දුඃඛ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Takri",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑚛𑚰𑚬𑚋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Tamil",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "து³𑌃க²"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Telugu",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "దుఃఖ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ทุะข"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Tibetan",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "དུཿ་ཁ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Tirhuta",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑒠𑒳𑓁𑒐"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "word": "𑰟𑰲𑰾𑰏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Grantha script",
      "word": "𑌦𑍁𑌃𑌖"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Kaithi script",
      "word": "𑂠𑂳𑂂𑂎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Nandinagari script",
      "word": "𑦿𑧔𑧟𑦯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "sense": "Siddham script",
      "word": "𑖟𑖲𑖾𑖏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "100 0",
      "sense": "Soyombo script",
      "word": "𑩭𑩒𑪗𑩝"
    }
  ],
  "word": "दुःख"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
    "Hindi lemmas",
    "Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns",
    "Hindi masculine nouns",
    "Hindi nouns",
    "Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
    "Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Hindi terms spelled with ः",
    "Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "hi:Emotions",
    "sa:Emotions"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "दुःख",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "दुःख"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duḥkh",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "دکھ",
      "tags": [
        "Urdu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cons-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःख",
      "roman": "duḥkh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "direct",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःख",
      "roman": "duḥkh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "direct",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःख",
      "roman": "duḥkh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखों",
      "roman": "duḥkhõ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःख",
      "roman": "duḥkh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखो",
      "roman": "duḥkho",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "ur": "دکھ"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःख • (duḥkh) m (Urdu spelling دکھ)",
      "name": "hi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "<M>"
      },
      "name": "hi-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hindi",
  "lang_code": "hi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hindi terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "You should share your sorrows with friends.",
          "roman": "apnā duḥkh mitra ke sāth bā̃ṭnā cāhie.",
          "text": "अपना दुःख मित्र के साथ बाँटना चाहिए।",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, grief, sadness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ग़म"
        },
        {
          "word": "उदासी"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "सुख"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Hindi terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He has endured much suffering in his life.",
          "roman": "usne jīvan mẽ bahut duḥkh uṭhāyā.",
          "text": "उसने जीवन में बहुत दुःख उठाया।",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffering, distress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "कष्ट"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ʊkʰ/",
      "tags": [
        "Delhi-Hindi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dukh",
      "word": "दुख"
    }
  ],
  "word": "दुःख"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Nepali entries with incorrect language header",
    "Nepali lemmas",
    "Nepali nouns",
    "Nepali terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
    "Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Nepali terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Nepali terms with redundant script codes",
    "ne:Emotions",
    "sa:Emotions"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ne",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "दुःख",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ne",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "दुःख"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duḥkha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "duḥkha"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःख • (duḥkha)",
      "name": "ne-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Nepali",
  "lang_code": "ne",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, grief, sadness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "सुख"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffering, distress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "वेदना"
        },
        {
          "word": "कष्ट"
        },
        {
          "word": "क्लेश"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "trouble, hardship"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "तकलीफ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "shortage, need"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shortage",
          "shortage"
        ],
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪uk̚kʰʌ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[d̪uk̞ʰʌ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dukha",
      "word": "दुख"
    }
  ],
  "word": "दुःख"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit neuter nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed back into Sanskrit",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed from Prakrit languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Prakrit languages",
    "Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्-",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "sa:Emotions"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as",
            "2": "দুখ"
          },
          "expansion": "Assamese: দুখ (dukh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Assamese: দুখ (dukh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "ਦੁੱਖ"
          },
          "expansion": "Punjabi: ਦੁੱਖ (dukkha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Punjabi: ਦੁੱਖ (dukkha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rom",
            "2": "dukh"
          },
          "expansion": "Romani: dukh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romani: dukh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "দুঃখ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: দুঃখ (dukkho)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: দুঃখ (dukkho)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bcl",
            "2": "dukha",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bikol Central: dukha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bikol Central: dukha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "दुःख",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kn",
            "2": "ದುಃಖ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kannada: ದುಃಖ (duḥkha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kannada: ದುಃಖ (duḥkha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "ദുഃഖം",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malayalam: ദുഃഖം (duḥkhaṁ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malayalam: ദുഃഖം (duḥkhaṁ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "दुःख",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Marathi: दुःख (duḥkha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Marathi: दुःख (duḥkha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ne",
            "2": "दुःख",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "duḥkha"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "dukkha",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Pali: dukkha\n→ Malay: duka\n→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)\n→ English: dukkha\n→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)\n→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)\n→ Tagalog: dukhâ",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Pali: dukkha\n→ Malay: duka\n→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)\n→ English: dukkha\n→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)\n→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)\n→ Tagalog: dukhâ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tl",
            "2": "dukha",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tagalog: dukha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tagalog: dukha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "दुख",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Hindi: दुख (dukh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Hindi: दुख (dukh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "دکھ",
            "der": "1",
            "tr": "dukh"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Urdu: دکھ (dukh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Urdu: دکھ (dukh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ta",
            "2": "துக்கம்",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tamil: துக்கம் (tukkam)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tamil: துக்கம் (tukkam)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "te",
            "2": "దుఃఖము",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Telugu: దుఃఖము (duḥkhamu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Telugu: దుఃఖము (duḥkhamu)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "pra",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Prakrit",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दुःस्थ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दुस्-",
        "3": "स्था",
        "alt2": "स्थ"
      },
      "expansion": "दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duḥkhá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखे",
      "roman": "duḥkhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखानि",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखा1",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःख",
      "roman": "dúḥkha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखे",
      "roman": "dúḥkhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखानि",
      "roman": "dúḥkhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखा1",
      "roman": "dúḥkhā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखे",
      "roman": "duḥkhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखानि",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखा1",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेन",
      "roman": "duḥkhéna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखैः",
      "roman": "duḥkhaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेभिः1",
      "roman": "duḥkhébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखाय",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेभ्यः",
      "roman": "duḥkhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखात्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेभ्यः",
      "roman": "duḥkhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखस्य",
      "roman": "duḥkhásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखयोः",
      "roman": "duḥkháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखानाम्",
      "roman": "duḥkhā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखे",
      "roman": "duḥkhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखयोः",
      "roman": "duḥkháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "दुःखेषु",
      "roman": "duḥkhéṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "tr": "duḥkhá"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःख • (duḥkhá) stem, n",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "duḥkhá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, distress, suffering, grief, misery, uneasiness, pain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ],
        [
          "uneasiness",
          "uneasiness"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/duh.kʰɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[dux.kʰɐ́]",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "duxkha",
      "word": "दुᳵख"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Assamese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᬤᬸᬄᬔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "word": "𑰟𑰲𑰾𑰏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀤𑀼𑀂𑀔"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ဒုးခ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gujarati",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "દુઃખ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gurmukhi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ਦੁਃਖ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Grantha script",
      "word": "𑌦𑍁𑌃𑌖"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Javanese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꦢꦸꦃꦑ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Kaithi script",
      "word": "𑂠𑂳𑂂𑂎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Kannada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ದುಃಖ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ទុះខ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ທຸະຂ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Malayalam",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ദുഃഖ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Manchu script",
      "word": "ᡩᡠᢁᡘᠠ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Modi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑘟𑘳𑘾𑘏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᢑᠤᢁ᠋ᠻᠠ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nandinagari script",
      "word": "𑦿𑧔𑧟𑦯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Newa",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑐡𑐸𑑅𑐏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Odia",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ଦୁଃଖ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Saurashtra",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꢣꢸꢁꢓ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sharada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑆢𑆶𑆂𑆒"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Siddham script",
      "word": "𑖟𑖲𑖾𑖏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "දුඃඛ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Soyombo script",
      "word": "𑩭𑩒𑪗𑩝"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Takri",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑚛𑚰𑚬𑚋"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tamil",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "து³𑌃க²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Telugu",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "దుఃఖ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ทุะข"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tibetan",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "དུཿ་ཁ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tirhuta",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑒠𑒳𑓁𑒐"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Zanabazar Square script",
      "word": "𑨛𑨃𑨹𑨌"
    }
  ],
  "word": "दुःख"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit neuter nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed back into Sanskrit",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed from Prakrit languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Prakrit languages",
    "Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्-",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "sa:Emotions"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "pra",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Prakrit",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दुःस्थ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "poor"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दुस्-",
        "3": "स्था",
        "alt2": "स्थ"
      },
      "expansion": "दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-) + स्थ (stha).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "duḥkhá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "adjective",
        "tr": "duḥkhá"
      },
      "expansion": "दुःख • (duḥkhá)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "painful, uncomfortable, uneasy, difficult"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ],
        [
          "uncomfortable",
          "uncomfortable"
        ],
        [
          "uneasy",
          "uneasy"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/duh.kʰɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[dux.kʰɐ́]",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "duxkha",
      "word": "दुᳵख"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Assamese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᬤᬸᬄᬔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "দুঃখ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "word": "𑰟𑰲𑰾𑰏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀤𑀼𑀂𑀔"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ဒုးခ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gujarati",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "દુઃખ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gurmukhi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ਦੁਃਖ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Grantha script",
      "word": "𑌦𑍁𑌃𑌖"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Javanese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꦢꦸꦃꦑ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Kaithi script",
      "word": "𑂠𑂳𑂂𑂎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Kannada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ದುಃಖ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ទុះខ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ທຸະຂ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Malayalam",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ദുഃഖ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Manchu script",
      "word": "ᡩᡠᢁᡘᠠ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Modi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑘟𑘳𑘾𑘏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᢑᠤᢁ᠋ᠻᠠ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Nandinagari script",
      "word": "𑦿𑧔𑧟𑦯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Newa",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑐡𑐸𑑅𑐏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Odia",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ଦୁଃଖ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Saurashtra",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꢣꢸꢁꢓ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sharada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑆢𑆶𑆂𑆒"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Siddham script",
      "word": "𑖟𑖲𑖾𑖏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "දුඃඛ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Soyombo script",
      "word": "𑩭𑩒𑪗𑩝"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Takri",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑚛𑚰𑚬𑚋"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tamil",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "து³𑌃க²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Telugu",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "దుఃఖ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ทุะข"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tibetan",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "དུཿ་ཁ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tirhuta",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑒠𑒳𑓁𑒐"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Zanabazar Square script",
      "word": "𑨛𑨃𑨹𑨌"
    }
  ],
  "word": "दुःख"
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "दुःख"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "दुःख",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.