See ग्रीष्म on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ग्रीष्म meaning in All languages combined (15.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "ग्रीष्म",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "grīṣmá",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ग्रीष्म (grīṣmá)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "ग्रीष्म",
"tr": "grīṣmá"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रीष्म (grīṣmá)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रीष्म (grīṣmá).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grīṣma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "گریشم",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hi-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cons-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grīṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grīṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grīṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मों",
"roman": "grīṣmõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grīṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मो",
"roman": "grīṣmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"ur": "گریشم"
},
"expansion": "ग्रीष्म • (grīṣma) m (Urdu spelling گریشم)",
"name": "hi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<M>"
},
"name": "hi-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "hi",
"name": "Seasons",
"orig": "hi:Seasons",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Summer vacation starts in two months.",
"roman": "grīṣma avkāś do mahīne mẽ ārambh kartā hai.",
"text": "ग्रीष्म अवकाश दो महीने में आरम्भ करता है।",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer, the hot season"
],
"id": "en-ग्रीष्म-hi-noun-wy41f4~h",
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "garmī",
"word": "गर्मी"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɾiːʂ.mᵊ/",
"tags": [
"Delhi-Hindi"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɾiːʃ.mᵊ]",
"tags": [
"Delhi-Hindi"
]
}
],
"word": "ग्रीष्म"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "grīṣma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ग्रीष्म • (grīṣma)",
"name": "ne-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Nepali",
"lang_code": "ne",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nepali entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nepali terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ne",
"name": "Seasons",
"orig": "ne:Seasons",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer (season)"
],
"id": "en-ग्रीष्म-ne-noun-HqDf6HYL",
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"season",
"season"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "basanta",
"word": "बसन्त"
},
{
"english": "spring",
"roman": "vasanta",
"word": "वसन्त"
},
{
"roman": "garmī",
"word": "गर्मी"
},
{
"english": "autumn",
"roman": "śarad",
"word": "शरद"
},
{
"roman": "hiũd",
"word": "हिउँद"
},
{
"english": "winter",
"roman": "śiśir",
"word": "शिशिर"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡrismʌ]"
}
],
"word": "ग्रीष्म"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "graíṣma",
"word": "ग्रैष्म"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "gimha"
},
"expansion": "Pali: gimha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: gimha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "khw",
"2": "گرِۨشپو",
"tr": "griṣpó"
},
"expansion": "Khowar: گرِۨشپو (griṣpó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khowar: گرِۨشپو (griṣpó)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mah",
"2": "𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳"
},
"expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "गीह्म",
"3": "गीम"
},
"expansion": "Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "গ্রীষ্ম",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "గ్రీష్మము",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "ഗ്രീഷ്മം",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*gr̥Hsmás",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*gr̥Hsmás"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷreh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷreh₂- (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*semh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "summer"
},
"expansion": "*semh₂- (“summer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "समा",
"tr": "sámā"
},
"expansion": "समा (sámā)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "هامین",
"tr": "hâmin"
},
"expansion": "Persian هامین (hâmin)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sumor"
},
"expansion": "Old English sumor",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "summer"
},
"expansion": "English summer",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós, from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *semh₂- (“summer”). Cognate with समा (sámā), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), Persian هامین (hâmin), Old English sumor (whence English summer) through the latter component.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grīṣmá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मः",
"roman": "grīṣmáḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
"roman": "grīṣmaú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
"roman": "grīṣmā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माः",
"roman": "grīṣmā́ḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मासः1",
"roman": "grīṣmā́saḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grī́ṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
"roman": "grī́ṣmau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
"roman": "grī́ṣmā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माः",
"roman": "grī́ṣmāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मासः1",
"roman": "grī́ṣmāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मम्",
"roman": "grīṣmám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
"roman": "grīṣmaú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
"roman": "grīṣmā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मान्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेण",
"roman": "grīṣméṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मैः",
"roman": "grīṣmaíḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेभिः1",
"roman": "grīṣmébhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माय",
"roman": "grīṣmā́ya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेभ्यः",
"roman": "grīṣmébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मात्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेभ्यः",
"roman": "grīṣmébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मस्य",
"roman": "grīṣmásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मयोः",
"roman": "grīṣmáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माणाम्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́ṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मे",
"roman": "grīṣmé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मयोः",
"roman": "grīṣmáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेषु",
"roman": "grīṣméṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "grīṣmá"
},
"expansion": "ग्रीष्म • (grīṣmá) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grīṣmá"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sa",
"name": "Seasons",
"orig": "sa:Seasons",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do thou enter me with speech, with power of senses. Of all the seasons, spring I love; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf the all seasons summer I love; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf all the seasons the rains I love; beloved, may they delight me.\nOf the all seasons the autumn I delight; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf the seasons the winter and the cool I love; beloved, may they two delight me.\nBy obeisance to the gods, Agni and Soma, may I be possessed of sight. By obeisance to the god Agni, may I be an eater of food.",
"ref": "c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) I.6.2.3",
"roman": "hemantaśiśirāvṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tau mā prītau prīṇītāmagnīṣomayorahaṃ devayajyayā cakṣuṣmāṃ bhūyāsamagnerahaṃ devayajyayāʼnnādo bhūyāsam .",
"text": "वाचा मेन्द्रियेणाविश वसन्तमृतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु\nग्रीष्मम्ऋतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु\nवर्षा ऋतूनां प्रीणामि ता मा प्रीताः प्रीणन्तु\nशरदमृतूनां प्रीणामि सा मा प्रीता प्रीणातु\nहेमन्तशिशिरावृतूनां प्रीणामि तौ मा प्रीतौ प्रीणीतामग्नीषोमयोरहं देवयज्यया चक्षुष्मां भूयासमग्नेरहं देवयज्ययाऽन्नादो भूयासम् ॥\nvācā mendriyeṇāviśa vasantamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu\ngrīṣmamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu\nvarṣā ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tā mā prītāḥ prīṇantu\nśaradamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sā mā prītā prīṇātu"
},
{
"text": "c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer, the hot season (from the middle of May to the middle of July)"
],
"id": "en-ग्रीष्म-sa-noun-eaGBWc0F",
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summer heat, heat"
],
"id": "en-ग्रीष्म-sa-noun-Wi7aCrvj",
"links": [
[
"heat",
"heat"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɾiːʂ.mɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɾiːʂ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "ग्रीष्म"
}
{
"categories": [
"sa:Seasons"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "ग्रीष्म",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "grīṣmá",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ग्रीष्म (grīṣmá)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "ग्रीष्म",
"tr": "grīṣmá"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रीष्म (grīṣmá)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रीष्म (grīṣmá).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grīṣma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "گریشم",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hi-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cons-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grīṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grīṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grīṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मों",
"roman": "grīṣmõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grīṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मो",
"roman": "grīṣmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"ur": "گریشم"
},
"expansion": "ग्रीष्म • (grīṣma) m (Urdu spelling گریشم)",
"name": "hi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<M>"
},
"name": "hi-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"Hindi lemmas",
"Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns",
"Hindi masculine nouns",
"Hindi nouns",
"Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hindi terms with usage examples",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"hi:Seasons"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Summer vacation starts in two months.",
"roman": "grīṣma avkāś do mahīne mẽ ārambh kartā hai.",
"text": "ग्रीष्म अवकाश दो महीने में आरम्भ करता है।",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer, the hot season"
],
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɾiːʂ.mᵊ/",
"tags": [
"Delhi-Hindi"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɾiːʃ.mᵊ]",
"tags": [
"Delhi-Hindi"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "garmī",
"word": "गर्मी"
}
],
"word": "ग्रीष्म"
}
{
"categories": [
"sa:Seasons"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "grīṣma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ग्रीष्म • (grīṣma)",
"name": "ne-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Nepali",
"lang_code": "ne",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "basanta",
"word": "बसन्त"
},
{
"english": "spring",
"roman": "vasanta",
"word": "वसन्त"
},
{
"roman": "garmī",
"word": "गर्मी"
},
{
"english": "autumn",
"roman": "śarad",
"word": "शरद"
},
{
"roman": "hiũd",
"word": "हिउँद"
},
{
"english": "winter",
"roman": "śiśir",
"word": "शिशिर"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Nepali entries with incorrect language header",
"Nepali lemmas",
"Nepali nouns",
"Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Nepali terms with redundant script codes",
"ne:Seasons"
],
"glosses": [
"summer (season)"
],
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"season",
"season"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡrismʌ]"
}
],
"word": "ग्रीष्म"
}
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"sa:Seasons"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "graíṣma",
"word": "ग्रैष्म"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "gimha"
},
"expansion": "Pali: gimha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: gimha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "khw",
"2": "گرِۨشپو",
"tr": "griṣpó"
},
"expansion": "Khowar: گرِۨشپو (griṣpó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khowar: گرِۨشپو (griṣpó)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mah",
"2": "𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳"
},
"expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "गीह्म",
"3": "गीम"
},
"expansion": "Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "গ্রীষ্ম",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "గ్రీష్మము",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "ഗ്രീഷ്മം",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*gr̥Hsmás",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*gr̥Hsmás"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷreh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷreh₂- (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*semh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "summer"
},
"expansion": "*semh₂- (“summer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "समा",
"tr": "sámā"
},
"expansion": "समा (sámā)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "هامین",
"tr": "hâmin"
},
"expansion": "Persian هامین (hâmin)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sumor"
},
"expansion": "Old English sumor",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "summer"
},
"expansion": "English summer",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós, from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *semh₂- (“summer”). Cognate with समा (sámā), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), Persian هامین (hâmin), Old English sumor (whence English summer) through the latter component.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grīṣmá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मः",
"roman": "grīṣmáḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
"roman": "grīṣmaú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
"roman": "grīṣmā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माः",
"roman": "grīṣmā́ḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मासः1",
"roman": "grīṣmā́saḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्म",
"roman": "grī́ṣma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
"roman": "grī́ṣmau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
"roman": "grī́ṣmā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माः",
"roman": "grī́ṣmāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मासः1",
"roman": "grī́ṣmāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मम्",
"roman": "grīṣmám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
"roman": "grīṣmaú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
"roman": "grīṣmā́1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मान्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेण",
"roman": "grīṣméṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मैः",
"roman": "grīṣmaíḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेभिः1",
"roman": "grīṣmébhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माय",
"roman": "grīṣmā́ya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेभ्यः",
"roman": "grīṣmébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मात्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेभ्यः",
"roman": "grīṣmébhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मस्य",
"roman": "grīṣmásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मयोः",
"roman": "grīṣmáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्माणाम्",
"roman": "grīṣmā́ṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मे",
"roman": "grīṣmé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मयोः",
"roman": "grīṣmáyoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ग्रीष्मेषु",
"roman": "grīṣméṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "grīṣmá"
},
"expansion": "ग्रीष्म • (grīṣmá) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grīṣmá"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do thou enter me with speech, with power of senses. Of all the seasons, spring I love; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf the all seasons summer I love; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf all the seasons the rains I love; beloved, may they delight me.\nOf the all seasons the autumn I delight; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf the seasons the winter and the cool I love; beloved, may they two delight me.\nBy obeisance to the gods, Agni and Soma, may I be possessed of sight. By obeisance to the god Agni, may I be an eater of food.",
"ref": "c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) I.6.2.3",
"roman": "hemantaśiśirāvṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tau mā prītau prīṇītāmagnīṣomayorahaṃ devayajyayā cakṣuṣmāṃ bhūyāsamagnerahaṃ devayajyayāʼnnādo bhūyāsam .",
"text": "वाचा मेन्द्रियेणाविश वसन्तमृतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु\nग्रीष्मम्ऋतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु\nवर्षा ऋतूनां प्रीणामि ता मा प्रीताः प्रीणन्तु\nशरदमृतूनां प्रीणामि सा मा प्रीता प्रीणातु\nहेमन्तशिशिरावृतूनां प्रीणामि तौ मा प्रीतौ प्रीणीतामग्नीषोमयोरहं देवयज्यया चक्षुष्मां भूयासमग्नेरहं देवयज्ययाऽन्नादो भूयासम् ॥\nvācā mendriyeṇāviśa vasantamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu\ngrīṣmamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu\nvarṣā ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tā mā prītāḥ prīṇantu\nśaradamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sā mā prītā prīṇātu"
},
{
"text": "c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer, the hot season (from the middle of May to the middle of July)"
],
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"summer heat, heat"
],
"links": [
[
"heat",
"heat"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɾiːʂ.mɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɾiːʂ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "ग्रीष्म"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.