"ग्रीष्म" meaning in Sanskrit

See ग्रीष्म in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɡɾiːʂ.mɐ́/ [Vedic], /ˈɡɾiːʂ.mɐ/ [Classical]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós, from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *semh₂- (“summer”). Cognate with समा (sámā), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), Persian هامین (hâmin), Old English sumor (whence English summer) through the latter component. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|sa|iir-pro|*gr̥Hsmás|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás, {{inh+|sa|iir-pro|*gr̥Hsmás}} Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás, {{inh|sa|ine-pro||*gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós, {{m|ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-||heavy}} *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”), {{m|ine-pro|*semh₂-||summer}} *semh₂- (“summer”), {{m|sa|समा|tr=sámā}} समा (sámā), {{cog|ae|𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀}} Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), {{cog|fa|هامین|tr=hâmin}} Persian هامین (hâmin), {{cog|ang|sumor}} Old English sumor, {{cog|en|summer}} English summer Head templates: {{sa-noun|g=m|tr=grīṣmá}} ग्रीष्म • (grīṣmá) stem, m Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-noun-m|grīṣmá}} Forms: grīṣmá [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], ग्रीष्मः [nominative, singular], ग्रीष्मौ [dual, nominative], ग्रीष्मा1 [dual, nominative], ग्रीष्माः [nominative, plural], ग्रीष्मासः1 [nominative, plural], ग्रीष्म [singular, vocative], ग्रीष्मौ [dual, vocative], ग्रीष्मा1 [dual, vocative], ग्रीष्माः [plural, vocative], ग्रीष्मासः1 [plural, vocative], ग्रीष्मम् [accusative, singular], ग्रीष्मौ [accusative, dual], ग्रीष्मा1 [accusative, dual], ग्रीष्मान् [accusative, plural], ग्रीष्मेण [instrumental, singular], ग्रीष्माभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], ग्रीष्मैः [instrumental, plural], ग्रीष्मेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], ग्रीष्माय [dative, singular], ग्रीष्माभ्याम् [dative, dual], ग्रीष्मेभ्यः [dative, plural], ग्रीष्मात् [ablative, singular], ग्रीष्माभ्याम् [ablative, dual], ग्रीष्मेभ्यः [ablative, plural], ग्रीष्मस्य [genitive, singular], ग्रीष्मयोः [dual, genitive], ग्रीष्माणाम् [genitive, plural], ग्रीष्मे [locative, singular], ग्रीष्मयोः [dual, locative], ग्रीष्मेषु [locative, plural]
  1. summer, the hot season (from the middle of May to the middle of July) Categories (topical): Seasons
    Sense id: en-ग्रीष्म-sa-noun-eaGBWc0F Disambiguation of Seasons: 85 15 Categories (other): Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit entries with topic categories using raw markup, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 82 18 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with topic categories using raw markup: 94 6 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 94 6
  2. summer heat, heat
    Sense id: en-ग्रीष्म-sa-noun-Wi7aCrvj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ग्रैष्म (graíṣma)

Download JSON data for ग्रीष्म meaning in Sanskrit (11.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "graíṣma",
      "word": "ग्रैष्म"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "gimha"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: gimha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: gimha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "khw",
            "2": "گرِۨشپو",
            "tr": "griṣpó"
          },
          "expansion": "Khowar: گرِۨشپو (griṣpó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khowar: گرِۨشپو (griṣpó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra-mah",
            "2": "𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳"
          },
          "expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "गीह्म",
            "3": "गीम"
          },
          "expansion": "Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "গ্রীষ্ম",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kn",
            "2": "ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "te",
            "2": "గ్రీష్మము",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "ഗ്രീഷ്മം",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*gr̥Hsmás",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*gr̥Hsmás"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷreh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heavy"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷreh₂- (“heavy”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*semh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "summer"
      },
      "expansion": "*semh₂- (“summer”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "समा",
        "tr": "sámā"
      },
      "expansion": "समा (sámā)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "هامین",
        "tr": "hâmin"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian هامین (hâmin)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sumor"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sumor",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "summer"
      },
      "expansion": "English summer",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós, from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *semh₂- (“summer”). Cognate with समा (sámā), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), Persian هامین (hâmin), Old English sumor (whence English summer) through the latter component.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grīṣmá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मः",
      "roman": "grīṣmáḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
      "roman": "grīṣmaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माः",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मासः1",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́saḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्म",
      "roman": "grī́ṣma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
      "roman": "grī́ṣmau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
      "roman": "grī́ṣmā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माः",
      "roman": "grī́ṣmāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मासः1",
      "roman": "grī́ṣmāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
      "roman": "grīṣmaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मान्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेण",
      "roman": "grīṣméṇa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मैः",
      "roman": "grīṣmaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेभिः1",
      "roman": "grīṣmébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माय",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेभ्यः",
      "roman": "grīṣmébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मात्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेभ्यः",
      "roman": "grīṣmébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मस्य",
      "roman": "grīṣmásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मयोः",
      "roman": "grīṣmáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माणाम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́ṇām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मे",
      "roman": "grīṣmé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मयोः",
      "roman": "grīṣmáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेषु",
      "roman": "grīṣméṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "tr": "grīṣmá"
      },
      "expansion": "ग्रीष्म • (grīṣmá) stem, m",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grīṣmá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "94 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "94 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Seasons",
          "orig": "sa:Seasons",
          "parents": [
            "Nature",
            "Periodic occurrences",
            "All topics",
            "Time",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Do thou enter me with speech, with power of senses. Of all the seasons, spring I love; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf the all seasons summer I love; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf all the seasons the rains I love; beloved, may they delight me.\nOf the all seasons the autumn I delight; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf the seasons the winter and the cool I love; beloved, may they two delight me.\nBy obeisance to the gods, Agni and Soma, may I be possessed of sight. By obeisance to the god Agni, may I be an eater of food.",
          "ref": "c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) I.6.2.3",
          "roman": "hemantaśiśirāvṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tau mā prītau prīṇītāmagnīṣomayorahaṃ devayajyayā cakṣuṣmāṃ bhūyāsamagnerahaṃ devayajyayāʼnnādo bhūyāsam.",
          "text": "वाचा मेन्द्रियेणाविश वसन्तमृतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु\nग्रीष्मम्ऋतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु\nवर्षा ऋतूनां प्रीणामि ता मा प्रीताः प्रीणन्तु\nशरदमृतूनां प्रीणामि सा मा प्रीता प्रीणातु\nहेमन्तशिशिरावृतूनां प्रीणामि तौ मा प्रीतौ प्रीणीतामग्नीषोमयोरहं देवयज्यया चक्षुष्मां भूयासमग्नेरहं देवयज्ययाऽन्नादो भूयासम् ॥\nvācā mendriyeṇāviśa vasantamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu\ngrīṣmamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu\nvarṣā ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tā mā prītāḥ prīṇantu\nśaradamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sā mā prītā prīṇātu"
        },
        {
          "text": "c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer, the hot season (from the middle of May to the middle of July)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ग्रीष्म-sa-noun-eaGBWc0F",
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "summer heat, heat"
      ],
      "id": "en-ग्रीष्म-sa-noun-Wi7aCrvj",
      "links": [
        [
          "heat",
          "heat"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡɾiːʂ.mɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɾiːʂ.mɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ग्रीष्म"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit masculine nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "sa:Seasons"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "graíṣma",
      "word": "ग्रैष्म"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "gimha"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: gimha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: gimha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "khw",
            "2": "گرِۨشپو",
            "tr": "griṣpó"
          },
          "expansion": "Khowar: گرِۨشپو (griṣpó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khowar: گرِۨشپو (griṣpó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra-mah",
            "2": "𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳"
          },
          "expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "गीह्म",
            "3": "गीम"
          },
          "expansion": "Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "গ্রীষ্ম",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kn",
            "2": "ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "te",
            "2": "గ్రీష్మము",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "ഗ്രീഷ്മം",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*gr̥Hsmás",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*gr̥Hsmás"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷreh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heavy"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷreh₂- (“heavy”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*semh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "summer"
      },
      "expansion": "*semh₂- (“summer”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "समा",
        "tr": "sámā"
      },
      "expansion": "समा (sámā)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "هامین",
        "tr": "hâmin"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian هامین (hâmin)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sumor"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sumor",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "summer"
      },
      "expansion": "English summer",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Hsmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós, from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *semh₂- (“summer”). Cognate with समा (sámā), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), Persian هامین (hâmin), Old English sumor (whence English summer) through the latter component.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grīṣmá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मः",
      "roman": "grīṣmáḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
      "roman": "grīṣmaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माः",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मासः1",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́saḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्म",
      "roman": "grī́ṣma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
      "roman": "grī́ṣmau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
      "roman": "grī́ṣmā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माः",
      "roman": "grī́ṣmāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मासः1",
      "roman": "grī́ṣmāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मौ",
      "roman": "grīṣmaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मा1",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मान्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेण",
      "roman": "grīṣméṇa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मैः",
      "roman": "grīṣmaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेभिः1",
      "roman": "grīṣmébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माय",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेभ्यः",
      "roman": "grīṣmébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मात्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माभ्याम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेभ्यः",
      "roman": "grīṣmébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मस्य",
      "roman": "grīṣmásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मयोः",
      "roman": "grīṣmáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्माणाम्",
      "roman": "grīṣmā́ṇām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मे",
      "roman": "grīṣmé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मयोः",
      "roman": "grīṣmáyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ग्रीष्मेषु",
      "roman": "grīṣméṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "tr": "grīṣmá"
      },
      "expansion": "ग्रीष्म • (grīṣmá) stem, m",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grīṣmá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Do thou enter me with speech, with power of senses. Of all the seasons, spring I love; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf the all seasons summer I love; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf all the seasons the rains I love; beloved, may they delight me.\nOf the all seasons the autumn I delight; beloved, may it delight me.\nOf the seasons the winter and the cool I love; beloved, may they two delight me.\nBy obeisance to the gods, Agni and Soma, may I be possessed of sight. By obeisance to the god Agni, may I be an eater of food.",
          "ref": "c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) I.6.2.3",
          "roman": "hemantaśiśirāvṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tau mā prītau prīṇītāmagnīṣomayorahaṃ devayajyayā cakṣuṣmāṃ bhūyāsamagnerahaṃ devayajyayāʼnnādo bhūyāsam.",
          "text": "वाचा मेन्द्रियेणाविश वसन्तमृतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु\nग्रीष्मम्ऋतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु\nवर्षा ऋतूनां प्रीणामि ता मा प्रीताः प्रीणन्तु\nशरदमृतूनां प्रीणामि सा मा प्रीता प्रीणातु\nहेमन्तशिशिरावृतूनां प्रीणामि तौ मा प्रीतौ प्रीणीतामग्नीषोमयोरहं देवयज्यया चक्षुष्मां भूयासमग्नेरहं देवयज्ययाऽन्नादो भूयासम् ॥\nvācā mendriyeṇāviśa vasantamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu\ngrīṣmamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu\nvarṣā ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tā mā prītāḥ prīṇantu\nśaradamṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sā mā prītā prīṇātu"
        },
        {
          "text": "c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer, the hot season (from the middle of May to the middle of July)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "summer heat, heat"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heat",
          "heat"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡɾiːʂ.mɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɾiːʂ.mɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ग्रीष्म"
}
{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "ग्रीष्म"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ग्रीष्म",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.