See вълна on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for вълна meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "made of wool",
"roman": "vǎlnést",
"word": "вълне́ст"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "wool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlna",
"4": "",
"5": "wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wool”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wool”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "въ́лна",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vǎ́lna",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лнен",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "вълна́т",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лна",
"roman": "vǎ́lna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лната",
"roman": "vǎ́lnata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "въ́лна",
"2": "f",
"adj": "въ́лнен",
"adj2": "вълна́т"
},
"expansion": "въ́лна • (vǎ́lna) f (relational adjective въ́лнен or вълна́т)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "въ́лна</n:sg>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"wool (fur of sheep, goats, and other Ungulata)"
],
"id": "en-вълна-bg-noun-7ayqnbEl",
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"Ungulata",
"Ungulata#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) wool (fur of sheep, goats, and other Ungulata)"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 48 38 2 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "bg:Fibers",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fleece"
],
"id": "en-вълна-bg-noun-xN9TcMWG",
"links": [
[
"fleece",
"fleece"
]
],
"qualifier": "particularly",
"raw_glosses": [
"(particularly) fleece"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ру́но"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 12 59 2 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 24 37 5 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -на (action suffix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 58 1 22 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"textile or yarn made of wool"
],
"id": "en-вълна-bg-noun-SsbwpOLT",
"links": [
[
"textile",
"textile"
],
[
"yarn",
"yarn"
],
[
"wool",
"wool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) textile or yarn made of wool"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɤɫnɐ]"
}
],
"word": "вълна"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to excite, to agitate",
"roman": "vǎlnúvam",
"word": "вълну́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "perturbation, high waves; excitement",
"roman": "vǎlnénie",
"word": "вълне́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "vǎlníst",
"word": "вълни́ст"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "undulate, wave-like",
"roman": "vǎlnovát",
"word": "вълнова́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "waveguide",
"roman": "vǎlnovód",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълново́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "breakwater",
"roman": "vǎlnolóm",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълноло́м"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "breakwater",
"roman": "vǎlnoréz",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълноре́з"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "wave-shaped",
"roman": "vǎlnovíden",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълнови́ден"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "wavy, repand",
"roman": "vǎlnoobrázen",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълнообра́зен"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlna",
"4": "",
"5": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьlti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьlati"
},
"expansion": "*vьlati",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "вьлати",
"3": "",
"4": "to undulate"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic вьлати (vĭlati, “to undulate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*welH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to twist, to revolve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to twist, to revolve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-на",
"id1": "action suffix"
},
"expansion": "-на (-na)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wave”), formally a resultant/action noun of an unattested *вля (Proto-Slavic *vьlti, *vьlati whence Old Church Slavonic вьлати (vĭlati, “to undulate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to twist, to revolve”) + -на (-na).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "вълна́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vǎlná",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лнов",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "вълна́",
"roman": "vǎlná",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълни́",
"roman": "vǎlní",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълна́та",
"roman": "vǎlnáta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълни́те",
"roman": "vǎlníte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лно",
"roman": "vǎ́lno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълни́",
"roman": "vǎlní",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "вълна́",
"2": "f",
"adj": "въ́лнов"
},
"expansion": "вълна́ • (vǎlná) f (relational adjective въ́лнов)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "capillary wave",
"roman": "kapiljárna vǎlná",
"word": "капиля́рна вълна́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "gravity wave",
"roman": "gravitaciónna vǎlná",
"word": "гравитацио́нна вълна́"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "вълна́<(v)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wave (disturbance of a medium)"
],
"id": "en-вълна-bg-noun-EM9fefU2",
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "бран"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "слап"
},
{
"word": "вал"
},
{
"word": "тала́з"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "bg:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 12 17 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Waves",
"orig": "bg:Waves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "radio wave",
"roman": "radiovǎlná",
"text": "радиовълна́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "electromagnetic wave",
"roman": "elektromagnítna vǎlná",
"text": "електромагни́тна вълна́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wave"
],
"id": "en-вълна-bg-noun-SxJeyZp0",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) wave"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[vɐɫˈna]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-na"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-вълна.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "вълна"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-obe",
"2": "волна"
},
"expansion": "Old Belarusian: волна (volna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Belarusian: волна (volna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "во́ўна"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: во́ўна (vóŭna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: во́ўна (vóŭna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "во́лна"
},
"expansion": "Russian: во́лна (vólna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: во́лна (vólna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "во́вна"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: во́вна (vóvna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: во́вна (vóvna)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "wool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlna",
"4": "",
"5": "wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wool”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wool”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vŭlna",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "orv-decl-noun-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "вълна",
"roman": "vŭlna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнꙑ",
"roman": "vŭlny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнꙑ",
"roman": "vŭlny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълну",
"roman": "vŭlnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнъ",
"roman": "vŭlnŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнама",
"roman": "vŭlnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнамъ",
"roman": "vŭlnamŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѫ",
"roman": "vŭlnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнꙑ",
"roman": "vŭlny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълноѭ",
"roman": "vŭlnojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнама",
"roman": "vŭlnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнами",
"roman": "vŭlnami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълну",
"roman": "vŭlnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнахъ",
"roman": "vŭlnaxŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълно",
"roman": "vŭlno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнꙑ",
"roman": "vŭlny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "вълна (vŭlna) f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "вълна (vŭlna) f",
"name": "orv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "въл",
"2": "н"
},
"name": "orv-decl-noun-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "вълна",
"10": "вълнама",
"11": "вълнѣ",
"12": "вълнама",
"13": "вълну",
"14": "вълнѣ",
"15": "вълнꙑ",
"16": "вълнъ",
"17": "вълнамъ",
"18": "вълнꙑ",
"19": "вълнами",
"2": "вълнꙑ",
"20": "вълнахъ",
"21": "вълнꙑ",
"3": "вълнѣ",
"4": "вълнѫ",
"5": "вълноѭ",
"6": "вълнѣ",
"7": "вълно",
"8": "вълнѣ",
"9": "вълну",
"type": "hard a-stem"
},
"name": "orv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wool"
],
"id": "en-вълна-orv-noun-~rZyoubq",
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋʊlnɑ/",
"note": "ca. 9ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋʊlna/",
"note": "ca. 11ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋɔlna/",
"note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "вълна"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-obe",
"2": "волна"
},
"expansion": "Old Belarusian: волна (volna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Belarusian: волна (volna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "волна́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: волна́ (volná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: волна́ (volná)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlna",
"4": "",
"5": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wave”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vŭlna",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "вълна (vŭlna) f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "вълна (vŭlna) f",
"name": "orv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wave"
],
"id": "en-вълна-orv-noun-SxJeyZp0",
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋʊˈlnɑ/",
"note": "ca. 9ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋʊˈlna/",
"note": "ca. 11ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋlna/",
"note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "вълна"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂welh₁- (wool)",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -на (action suffix)",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio links",
"Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old East Slavic feminine nouns",
"Old East Slavic lemmas",
"Old East Slavic nouns",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/na",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/na/2 syllables",
"bg:Fibers",
"bg:Waves"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "made of wool",
"roman": "vǎlnést",
"word": "вълне́ст"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "wool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlna",
"4": "",
"5": "wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wool”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wool”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "въ́лна",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vǎ́lna",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лнен",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "вълна́т",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лна",
"roman": "vǎ́lna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лната",
"roman": "vǎ́lnata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "въ́лна",
"2": "f",
"adj": "въ́лнен",
"adj2": "вълна́т"
},
"expansion": "въ́лна • (vǎ́lna) f (relational adjective въ́лнен or вълна́т)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "въ́лна</n:sg>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"wool (fur of sheep, goats, and other Ungulata)"
],
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"Ungulata",
"Ungulata#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) wool (fur of sheep, goats, and other Ungulata)"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fleece"
],
"links": [
[
"fleece",
"fleece"
]
],
"qualifier": "particularly",
"raw_glosses": [
"(particularly) fleece"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ру́но"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"textile or yarn made of wool"
],
"links": [
[
"textile",
"textile"
],
[
"yarn",
"yarn"
],
[
"wool",
"wool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) textile or yarn made of wool"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɤɫnɐ]"
}
],
"word": "вълна"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -на (action suffix)",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio links",
"Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old East Slavic feminine nouns",
"Old East Slavic lemmas",
"Old East Slavic nouns",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/na",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/na/2 syllables",
"bg:Fibers",
"bg:Waves"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "waveguide",
"roman": "vǎlnovód",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълново́д"
},
{
"english": "breakwater",
"roman": "vǎlnolóm",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълноло́м"
},
{
"english": "breakwater",
"roman": "vǎlnoréz",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълноре́з"
},
{
"english": "wave-shaped",
"roman": "vǎlnovíden",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълнови́ден"
},
{
"english": "wavy, repand",
"roman": "vǎlnoobrázen",
"sense": "вълно- (vǎlno-)",
"word": "вълнообра́зен"
},
{
"english": "to excite, to agitate",
"roman": "vǎlnúvam",
"word": "вълну́вам"
},
{
"english": "perturbation, high waves; excitement",
"roman": "vǎlnénie",
"word": "вълне́ние"
},
{
"roman": "vǎlníst",
"word": "вълни́ст"
},
{
"english": "undulate, wave-like",
"roman": "vǎlnovát",
"word": "вълнова́т"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlna",
"4": "",
"5": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьlti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьlati"
},
"expansion": "*vьlati",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "вьлати",
"3": "",
"4": "to undulate"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic вьлати (vĭlati, “to undulate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*welH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to twist, to revolve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to twist, to revolve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-на",
"id1": "action suffix"
},
"expansion": "-на (-na)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wave”), formally a resultant/action noun of an unattested *вля (Proto-Slavic *vьlti, *vьlati whence Old Church Slavonic вьлати (vĭlati, “to undulate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to twist, to revolve”) + -на (-na).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "вълна́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vǎlná",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лнов",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "вълна́",
"roman": "vǎlná",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълни́",
"roman": "vǎlní",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълна́та",
"roman": "vǎlnáta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълни́те",
"roman": "vǎlníte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "въ́лно",
"roman": "vǎ́lno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълни́",
"roman": "vǎlní",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "вълна́",
"2": "f",
"adj": "въ́лнов"
},
"expansion": "вълна́ • (vǎlná) f (relational adjective въ́лнов)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "capillary wave",
"roman": "kapiljárna vǎlná",
"word": "капиля́рна вълна́"
},
{
"english": "gravity wave",
"roman": "gravitaciónna vǎlná",
"word": "гравитацио́нна вълна́"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "вълна́<(v)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wave (disturbance of a medium)"
],
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "бран"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "слап"
},
{
"word": "вал"
},
{
"word": "тала́з"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples",
"bg:Physics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "radio wave",
"roman": "radiovǎlná",
"text": "радиовълна́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "electromagnetic wave",
"roman": "elektromagnítna vǎlná",
"text": "електромагни́тна вълна́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wave"
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) wave"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[vɐɫˈna]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-na"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-вълна.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "вълна"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old East Slavic feminine nouns",
"Old East Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Old East Slavic lemmas",
"Old East Slavic nouns",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂welh₁- (wool)",
"Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-obe",
"2": "волна"
},
"expansion": "Old Belarusian: волна (volna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Belarusian: волна (volna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "во́ўна"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: во́ўна (vóŭna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: во́ўна (vóŭna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "во́лна"
},
"expansion": "Russian: во́лна (vólna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: во́лна (vólna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "во́вна"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: во́вна (vóvna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: во́вна (vóvna)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "wool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlna",
"4": "",
"5": "wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wool”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wool”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vŭlna",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "orv-decl-noun-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "вълна",
"roman": "vŭlna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнꙑ",
"roman": "vŭlny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнꙑ",
"roman": "vŭlny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълну",
"roman": "vŭlnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнъ",
"roman": "vŭlnŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнама",
"roman": "vŭlnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнамъ",
"roman": "vŭlnamŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѫ",
"roman": "vŭlnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнꙑ",
"roman": "vŭlny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълноѭ",
"roman": "vŭlnojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнама",
"roman": "vŭlnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнами",
"roman": "vŭlnami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "вълну",
"roman": "vŭlnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнахъ",
"roman": "vŭlnaxŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "вълно",
"roman": "vŭlno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнѣ",
"roman": "vŭlně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "вълнꙑ",
"roman": "vŭlny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "вълна (vŭlna) f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "вълна (vŭlna) f",
"name": "orv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "въл",
"2": "н"
},
"name": "orv-decl-noun-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "вълна",
"10": "вълнама",
"11": "вълнѣ",
"12": "вълнама",
"13": "вълну",
"14": "вълнѣ",
"15": "вълнꙑ",
"16": "вълнъ",
"17": "вълнамъ",
"18": "вълнꙑ",
"19": "вълнами",
"2": "вълнꙑ",
"20": "вълнахъ",
"21": "вълнꙑ",
"3": "вълнѣ",
"4": "вълнѫ",
"5": "вълноѭ",
"6": "вълнѣ",
"7": "вълно",
"8": "вълнѣ",
"9": "вълну",
"type": "hard a-stem"
},
"name": "orv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wool"
],
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋʊlnɑ/",
"note": "ca. 9ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋʊlna/",
"note": "ca. 11ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋɔlna/",
"note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "вълна"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old East Slavic feminine nouns",
"Old East Slavic lemmas",
"Old East Slavic nouns",
"Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old East Slavic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-obe",
"2": "волна"
},
"expansion": "Old Belarusian: волна (volna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Belarusian: волна (volna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "волна́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: волна́ (volná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: волна́ (volná)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*vьlna",
"4": "",
"5": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wave”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *vьlna (“wave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vŭlna",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "вълна (vŭlna) f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "вълна (vŭlna) f",
"name": "orv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wave"
],
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋʊˈlnɑ/",
"note": "ca. 9ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋʊˈlna/",
"note": "ca. 11ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋlna/",
"note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "вълна"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.