See τόπος on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "atopía",
"word": "ἀτοπία"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "átopos",
"word": "ἄτοπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ektopízō",
"word": "ἐκτοπίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ektopismós",
"word": "ἐκτοπισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "éktopos",
"word": "ἔκτοπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "entopízō",
"word": "ἐντοπίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "entópios",
"word": "ἐντόπιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "éntopos",
"word": "ἔντοπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topázō",
"word": "τοπάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topízō",
"word": "τοπίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topikós",
"word": "τοπικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topographéō",
"word": "τοπογραφέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topographía",
"word": "τοπογραφία"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topógraphos",
"word": "τοπόγραφος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topothesía",
"word": "τοποθεσία"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topomakhéō",
"word": "τοπομαχέω"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ (topos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Coptic: ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ (topos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "topos",
"3": "topo-",
"4": "-tope",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: topos, topo-, -tope",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: topos, topo-, -tope"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Topos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Topos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Topos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τόπος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: τόπος (tópos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: τόπος (tópos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "то́пус"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek: то́пус (tópus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mariupol Greek: то́пус (tópus)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "topia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: topia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: topia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*top-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-",
"t": "to hit, stick, smear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*teti",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tèpti",
"t": "to smear, grease"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spot"
},
"expansion": "English spot",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Flecken",
"t": "village"
},
"expansion": "German Flecken (“village”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-",
"t": "to be hot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*tokʷ-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tekʷ-",
"t": "to run, flow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "tokë",
"t": "floor, earth"
},
"expansion": "Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋼𒂊𒃷",
"tr": "tēkan"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Seemingly an inherited term, though the broad semantic range of the word makes ascertaining further origin and cognates difficult:\n* If from Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s:\n** From Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”). The sense development would be \"to smear\" > \"stain, spot\" > \"spot, place\"; for a semantic parallel, compare English spot, German Flecken (“village”). This derivation appears to be favored by Beekes.\n** Per Meier-Brugger, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”), with sense development \"hot place, hearth\" > \"any place\".\n* If from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s:\n** From Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). This is semantically difficult.\nOthers (though surprisingly, not Beekes) have suggested Pre-Greek origin; note similarities to Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”) (compare darkë (“supper, feast”) vs. δόρπον (dórpon, “supper, dinner; evening”), bajgë (“dung”) vs. βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), etc.), with a potential proto-form *tò-kʷV- or *tòw-kʷV-. See also Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan), [script needed] (tagnās).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tópos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ τόπος",
"roman": "ho tópos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ τόπω",
"roman": "tṑ tópō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ τόποι",
"roman": "hoi tópoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ τόπου",
"roman": "toû tópou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν τόποιν",
"roman": "toîn tópoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν τόπων",
"roman": "tôn tópōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ τόπῳ",
"roman": "tôi tópōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν τόποιν",
"roman": "toîn tópoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς τόποις",
"roman": "toîs tópois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν τόπον",
"roman": "tòn tópon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ τόπω",
"roman": "tṑ tópō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς τόπους",
"roman": "toùs tópous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπε",
"roman": "tópe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπω",
"roman": "tópō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τόποι",
"roman": "tópoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "τόπου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "τόπος",
"2": "ου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"place, location"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-grc-noun-i~RdOFV-",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"location",
"location"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Rhetoric",
"orig": "grc:Rhetoric",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 55 8 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 69 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 69 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"topic; (rhetoric) commonplace"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-grc-noun-Xip4Kh2g",
"links": [
[
"topic",
"topic"
],
[
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric"
],
[
"commonplace",
"commonplace"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"position, office"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-grc-noun-9briKMeV",
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"office",
"office"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"opportunity, possibility"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-grc-noun-rac64AV1",
"links": [
[
"opportunity",
"opportunity"
],
[
"possibility",
"possibility"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tó.pos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tó.pos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "τόπος"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "katá tópous",
"word": "κατά τόπους"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "commonplace",
"roman": "koinós tópos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κοινός τόπος"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τόπος",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τόπος"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "la-new",
"3": "locus",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from New Latin locus",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos). The mathematical sense, a semantic loan from New Latin locus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tópos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "τόποι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπος",
"roman": "tópos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τόποι",
"roman": "tópoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπου",
"roman": "tópou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπων",
"roman": "tópon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπο",
"roman": "tópo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπους",
"roman": "tópous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπε",
"roman": "tópe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τόποι",
"roman": "tópoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "τόποι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "τόπος • (tópos) m (plural τόποι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "τόποι"
},
"expansion": "τόπος • (tópos) m (plural τόποι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"τό‧πος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "τόπος",
"2": "τόποι",
"3": "τόπου",
"4": "τόπων",
"5": "τόπο",
"6": "τόπους",
"7": "τόπε",
"8": "τόποι",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "topo-",
"word": "τοπο-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "τοπ- compounds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-topos",
"word": "-τοπος compounds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "wild country, wilderness",
"roman": "agriótopos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγριότοπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "topographer",
"roman": "topográfos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τοπογράφος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "position, place",
"roman": "topothesía",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τοποθεσία"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to position",
"roman": "topothetó",
"word": "τοποθετώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "toponym, placename",
"roman": "toponýmio",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τοπωνύμιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "toponymía",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τοπωνυμία"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 22 22 10 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"place, location, locality",
"country"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-el-noun-LRbDC0KA",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 3 1 42 42 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 2 1 45 45 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 46 45 1 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 22 22 10 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"place, location, locality",
"native land"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-el-noun-oIsXgRX-",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
],
[
"native land",
"native land"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 3 1 42 42 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 2 1 45 45 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 46 45 1 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 22 22 10 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"place, location, locality",
"home town"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-el-noun-aTUiiqWO",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
],
[
"home town",
"home town"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"space, room (occupied by something)"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-el-noun-onxoUA0I",
"links": [
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"room",
"room"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"soil, land"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-el-noun-ziXBPNHS",
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "el:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 22 22 10 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"locus (set of points)"
],
"id": "en-τόπος-el-noun-GQA7yVI7",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"locus",
"locus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) locus (set of points)"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
}
],
"word": "τόπος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "atopía",
"word": "ἀτοπία"
},
{
"roman": "átopos",
"word": "ἄτοπος"
},
{
"roman": "ektopízō",
"word": "ἐκτοπίζω"
},
{
"roman": "ektopismós",
"word": "ἐκτοπισμός"
},
{
"roman": "éktopos",
"word": "ἔκτοπος"
},
{
"roman": "entopízō",
"word": "ἐντοπίζω"
},
{
"roman": "entópios",
"word": "ἐντόπιος"
},
{
"roman": "éntopos",
"word": "ἔντοπος"
},
{
"roman": "topázō",
"word": "τοπάζω"
},
{
"roman": "topízō",
"word": "τοπίζω"
},
{
"roman": "topikós",
"word": "τοπικός"
},
{
"roman": "topographéō",
"word": "τοπογραφέω"
},
{
"roman": "topographía",
"word": "τοπογραφία"
},
{
"roman": "topógraphos",
"word": "τοπόγραφος"
},
{
"roman": "topothesía",
"word": "τοποθεσία"
},
{
"roman": "topomakhéō",
"word": "τοπομαχέω"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ (topos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Coptic: ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ (topos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "topos",
"3": "topo-",
"4": "-tope",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: topos, topo-, -tope",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: topos, topo-, -tope"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Topos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Topos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Topos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "τόπος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: τόπος (tópos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: τόπος (tópos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "то́пус"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek: то́пус (tópus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mariupol Greek: то́пус (tópus)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "topia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: topia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: topia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*top-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-",
"t": "to hit, stick, smear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*teti",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tèpti",
"t": "to smear, grease"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spot"
},
"expansion": "English spot",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Flecken",
"t": "village"
},
"expansion": "German Flecken (“village”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-",
"t": "to be hot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*tokʷ-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tekʷ-",
"t": "to run, flow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "tokë",
"t": "floor, earth"
},
"expansion": "Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋼𒂊𒃷",
"tr": "tēkan"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Seemingly an inherited term, though the broad semantic range of the word makes ascertaining further origin and cognates difficult:\n* If from Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s:\n** From Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”). The sense development would be \"to smear\" > \"stain, spot\" > \"spot, place\"; for a semantic parallel, compare English spot, German Flecken (“village”). This derivation appears to be favored by Beekes.\n** Per Meier-Brugger, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”), with sense development \"hot place, hearth\" > \"any place\".\n* If from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s:\n** From Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). This is semantically difficult.\nOthers (though surprisingly, not Beekes) have suggested Pre-Greek origin; note similarities to Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”) (compare darkë (“supper, feast”) vs. δόρπον (dórpon, “supper, dinner; evening”), bajgë (“dung”) vs. βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), etc.), with a potential proto-form *tò-kʷV- or *tòw-kʷV-. See also Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan), [script needed] (tagnās).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tópos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ τόπος",
"roman": "ho tópos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ τόπω",
"roman": "tṑ tópō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ τόποι",
"roman": "hoi tópoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ τόπου",
"roman": "toû tópou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν τόποιν",
"roman": "toîn tópoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν τόπων",
"roman": "tôn tópōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ τόπῳ",
"roman": "tôi tópōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν τόποιν",
"roman": "toîn tópoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς τόποις",
"roman": "toîs tópois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν τόπον",
"roman": "tòn tópon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ τόπω",
"roman": "tṑ tópō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς τόπους",
"roman": "toùs tópous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπε",
"roman": "tópe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπω",
"roman": "tópō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τόποι",
"roman": "tópoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "τόπου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "τόπος",
"2": "ου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"place, location"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"location",
"location"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"grc:Rhetoric"
],
"glosses": [
"topic; (rhetoric) commonplace"
],
"links": [
[
"topic",
"topic"
],
[
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric"
],
[
"commonplace",
"commonplace"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"position, office"
],
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"office",
"office"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"opportunity, possibility"
],
"links": [
[
"opportunity",
"opportunity"
],
[
"possibility",
"possibility"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tó.pos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tó.pos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "τόπος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"Greek semantic loans from New Latin",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from New Latin",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "katá tópous",
"word": "κατά τόπους"
},
{
"english": "commonplace",
"roman": "koinós tópos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κοινός τόπος"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τόπος",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τόπος"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "la-new",
"3": "locus",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from New Latin locus",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos). The mathematical sense, a semantic loan from New Latin locus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tópos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "τόποι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπος",
"roman": "tópos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τόποι",
"roman": "tópoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπου",
"roman": "tópou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπων",
"roman": "tópon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπο",
"roman": "tópo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπους",
"roman": "tópous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τόπε",
"roman": "tópe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "τόποι",
"roman": "tópoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "τόποι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "τόπος • (tópos) m (plural τόποι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "τόποι"
},
"expansion": "τόπος • (tópos) m (plural τόποι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"τό‧πος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "τόπος",
"2": "τόποι",
"3": "τόπου",
"4": "τόπων",
"5": "τόπο",
"6": "τόπους",
"7": "τόπε",
"8": "τόποι",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "topo-",
"word": "τοπο-"
},
{
"word": "τοπ- compounds"
},
{
"roman": "-topos",
"word": "-τοπος compounds"
},
{
"english": "wild country, wilderness",
"roman": "agriótopos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγριότοπος"
},
{
"english": "topographer",
"roman": "topográfos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τοπογράφος"
},
{
"english": "position, place",
"roman": "topothesía",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τοποθεσία"
},
{
"english": "to position",
"roman": "topothetó",
"word": "τοποθετώ"
},
{
"english": "toponym, placename",
"roman": "toponýmio",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τοπωνύμιο"
},
{
"roman": "toponymía",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τοπωνυμία"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"place, location, locality",
"country"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"place, location, locality",
"native land"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
],
[
"native land",
"native land"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"place, location, locality",
"home town"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"location",
"location"
],
[
"locality",
"locality"
],
[
"home town",
"home town"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"space, room (occupied by something)"
],
"links": [
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"room",
"room"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"soil, land"
],
"links": [
[
"soil",
"soil"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"el:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"locus (set of points)"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"locus",
"locus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) locus (set of points)"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
}
],
"word": "τόπος"
}
Download raw JSONL data for τόπος meaning in All languages combined (13.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.