See παρά on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "para-",
"word": "παρα-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*pərai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *pərai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preh₂-",
"t": "before, in front"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀫",
"tr": "pa-ro"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ante"
},
"expansion": "Latin ante",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *pərai, apparently from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”) and/or *per- (identical meaning), the details of which are disputed. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro).\nThe genitive is from the PIE ablative of origin or cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is perhaps from a metaphor of going near someone to attack them; for the semantics, compare ἀντί (antí) and Latin ante.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "părắ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "πᾰ́ρ",
"roman": "pắr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "πᾰρ’",
"roman": "păr’",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"apocopic"
]
},
{
"form": "πᾰ́ρᾰ",
"roman": "pắră",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "πᾰραί",
"roman": "păraí",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Epic",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"2": "gen",
"3": "dat",
"4": "acc"
},
"expansion": "πᾰρᾰ́ • (părắ) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
"name": "grc-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 20 20 18 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 10 10 16 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with genitive]",
"from"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-7Xn9RON6",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 20 20 18 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 10 10 16 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with genitive]",
"because of"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-ICjKgp0A",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 20 20 18 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "to stay at someone's house/home",
"roman": "ménein parà tisí",
"text": "μένειν παρὰ τισί",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-II1FnedZ",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 20 20 18 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"at, beside, by, near"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-jW0RcxA2",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 20 20 18 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 51 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 10 10 16 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 22 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 3 3 68 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mycenaean Greek terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 52 12 1 0 0 1 6 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 57 12 1 0 0 1 3 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"contrary to"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-MHTIZLPo",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"contrary to",
"contrary to"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 20 20 18 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"beside, by, near (w/ verbs of coming or going; w/ verbs of past motion; w/ verbs of striking or wounding)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-TPzWX0Bh",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 20 20 18 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
15
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "stand by/beside me",
"roman": "par’ ém’ hístaso",
"text": "παρ’ ἔμ’ ἵστασο",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-ZPLPJJHe",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "παρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "παρ’",
"roman": "par’",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ accusative"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará) (+ accusative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 5 12 41 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 26 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"despite, in spite of"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-prep-fl8qJDZU",
"links": [
[
"despite",
"despite"
],
[
"in spite of",
"in spite of"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 5 12 41 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 26 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-prep-3IbFfs4J",
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Preposition"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "el:Time",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 5 12 41 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 26 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
17,
19
]
],
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "It's twenty-five to six",
"literal_meaning": "It's six less twenty-five.",
"roman": "Eínai éxi pará eíkosi pénte.",
"text": "Είναι έξι παρά είκοσι πέντε.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "At a quarter to eleven.",
"literal_meaning": "At eleven less (a) quarter.",
"roman": "Stis énteka pará tétarto.",
"text": "Στις έντεκα παρά τέταρτο.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)",
"to (preceding the next whole hour)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-prep-RcPmr5az",
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Preposition"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)",
"(time) to (preceding the next whole hour)"
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"topics": [
"time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "παρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 14 26 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"but"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-conj-zcKZN4hx",
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
],
"qualifier": "qualifying a negative",
"raw_glosses": [
"(qualifying a negative) but"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 14 26 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"than"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-conj-c4NxHBsF",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(comparative) than"
],
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "nounf",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará) m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "parás",
"word": "παράς"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative singular of παράς (parás)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-noun-Vo4eeQ-0",
"links": [
[
"παράς",
"παράς#Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek prepositions",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mycenaean Greek terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "para-",
"word": "παρα-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*pərai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *pərai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preh₂-",
"t": "before, in front"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀫",
"tr": "pa-ro"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ante"
},
"expansion": "Latin ante",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *pərai, apparently from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”) and/or *per- (identical meaning), the details of which are disputed. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro).\nThe genitive is from the PIE ablative of origin or cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is perhaps from a metaphor of going near someone to attack them; for the semantics, compare ἀντί (antí) and Latin ante.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "părắ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "πᾰ́ρ",
"roman": "pắr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "πᾰρ’",
"roman": "păr’",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"apocopic"
]
},
{
"form": "πᾰ́ρᾰ",
"roman": "pắră",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "πᾰραί",
"roman": "păraí",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Epic",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"2": "gen",
"3": "dat",
"4": "acc"
},
"expansion": "πᾰρᾰ́ • (părắ) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
"name": "grc-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"[with genitive]",
"from"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[with genitive]",
"because of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
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{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "to stay at someone's house/home",
"roman": "ménein parà tisí",
"text": "μένειν παρὰ τισί",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"at, beside, by, near"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"contrary to"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"contrary to",
"contrary to"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"beside, by, near (w/ verbs of coming or going; w/ verbs of past motion; w/ verbs of striking or wounding)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
15
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "stand by/beside me",
"roman": "par’ ém’ hístaso",
"text": "παρ’ ἔμ’ ἵστασο",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek conjunctions",
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek non-lemma forms",
"Greek noun forms",
"Greek prepositions",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "παρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "παρ’",
"roman": "par’",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ accusative"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará) (+ accusative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"despite, in spite of"
],
"links": [
[
"despite",
"despite"
],
[
"in spite of",
"in spite of"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)"
],
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Preposition"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with usage examples",
"el:Time"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
17,
19
]
],
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "It's twenty-five to six",
"literal_meaning": "It's six less twenty-five.",
"roman": "Eínai éxi pará eíkosi pénte.",
"text": "Είναι έξι παρά είκοσι πέντε.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "At a quarter to eleven.",
"literal_meaning": "At eleven less (a) quarter.",
"roman": "Stis énteka pará tétarto.",
"text": "Στις έντεκα παρά τέταρτο.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)",
"to (preceding the next whole hour)"
],
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Preposition"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)",
"(time) to (preceding the next whole hour)"
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"topics": [
"time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek conjunctions",
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek non-lemma forms",
"Greek noun forms",
"Greek prepositions",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "παρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"but"
],
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
],
"qualifier": "qualifying a negative",
"raw_glosses": [
"(qualifying a negative) but"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(comparative) than"
],
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek non-lemma forms",
"Greek noun forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "nounf",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará) m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "parás",
"word": "παράς"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative singular of παράς (parás)"
],
"links": [
[
"παράς",
"παράς#Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
Download raw JSONL data for παρά meaning in All languages combined (10.2kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''[with accusative]'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"παρά"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "παρά",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.