See παρά on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "para-",
"word": "παρα-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*pərai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *pərai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preh₂-",
"t": "before, in front"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀫",
"tr": "pa-ro"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ante"
},
"expansion": "Latin ante",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *pərai, from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”). Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro).\nThe genitive is from the PIE ablative of origin or cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is perhaps from a metaphor of going near someone to attack them. Compare Latin ante.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "părắ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"2": "gen",
"3": "dat",
"4": "acc"
},
"expansion": "πᾰρᾰ́ • (părắ) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
"name": "grc-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 17 14 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 12 12 14 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with genitive]",
"from"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-7Xn9RON6",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 17 14 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 12 12 14 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with genitive]",
"because of"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-ICjKgp0A",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 17 14 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 12 12 14 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to stay at someone's house/home",
"roman": "ménein parà tisí",
"text": "μένειν παρὰ τισί",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-II1FnedZ",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 17 14 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 12 12 14 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"at, beside, by, near"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-jW0RcxA2",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 17 14 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 8 8 42 14 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 12 12 14 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 19 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 3 6 57 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mycenaean Greek terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 4 55 13 2 0 0 2 5 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 1 2 65 14 1 0 0 1 3 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"contrary to"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-MHTIZLPo",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"contrary to",
"contrary to"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 17 14 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 12 12 14 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"beside, by, near (w/ verbs of coming or going; w/ verbs of past motion; w/ verbs of striking or wounding)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-TPzWX0Bh",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 17 17 14 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 12 12 14 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stand by/beside me",
"roman": "par’ ém’ hístaso",
"text": "παρ’ ἔμ’ ἵστασο",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-ZPLPJJHe",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pắr",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "πᾰ́ρ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Lyric"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "păr’",
"tags": [
"apocopic"
],
"word": "πᾰρ’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pắră",
"word": "πᾰ́ρᾰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "păraí",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "πᾰραί"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "poetic"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "παρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ accusative"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará) (+ accusative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 17 11 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"despite, in spite of"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-prep-fl8qJDZU",
"links": [
[
"despite",
"despite"
],
[
"in spite of",
"in spite of"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 17 11 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-prep-3IbFfs4J",
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Preposition"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "el:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 17 11 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Είναι έξι παρά είκοσι πέντε.\nEínai éxi pará eíkosi pénte.\nIt's twenty-five to six\n(literally, “It's six less twenty-five.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Στις έντεκα παρά τέταρτο.\nStis énteka pará tétarto.\nAt a quarter to eleven.\n(literally, “At eleven less (a) quarter.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)",
"to (preceding the next whole hour)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-prep-RcPmr5az",
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Preposition"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)",
"(time) to (preceding the next whole hour)"
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"topics": [
"time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "par’",
"word": "παρ’"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "παρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará)",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"but"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-conj-zcKZN4hx",
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
],
"qualifier": "qualifying a negative",
"raw_glosses": [
"(qualifying a negative) but"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 26 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"than"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-conj-c4NxHBsF",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(comparative) than"
],
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "nounf",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará) m",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 17 11 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "parás",
"word": "παράς"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative singular of παράς (parás)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-el-noun-Vo4eeQ-0",
"links": [
[
"παράς",
"παράς#Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek prepositions",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mycenaean Greek terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "para-",
"word": "παρα-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*pərai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *pərai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preh₂-",
"t": "before, in front"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀫",
"tr": "pa-ro"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ante"
},
"expansion": "Latin ante",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *pərai, from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”). Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro).\nThe genitive is from the PIE ablative of origin or cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is perhaps from a metaphor of going near someone to attack them. Compare Latin ante.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "părắ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"2": "gen",
"3": "dat",
"4": "acc"
},
"expansion": "πᾰρᾰ́ • (părắ) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
"name": "grc-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"[with genitive]",
"from"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[with genitive]",
"because of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to stay at someone's house/home",
"roman": "ménein parà tisí",
"text": "μένειν παρὰ τισί",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"glosses": [
"[with dative]",
"at, beside, by, near"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"contrary to"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"contrary to",
"contrary to"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]",
"beside, by, near (w/ verbs of coming or going; w/ verbs of past motion; w/ verbs of striking or wounding)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stand by/beside me",
"roman": "par’ ém’ hístaso",
"text": "παρ’ ἔμ’ ἵστασο",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[with accusative]"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "pắr",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "πᾰ́ρ"
},
{
"word": "Lyric"
},
{
"roman": "păr’",
"tags": [
"apocopic"
],
"word": "πᾰρ’"
},
{
"roman": "pắră",
"word": "πᾰ́ρᾰ"
},
{
"roman": "păraí",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "πᾰραί"
},
{
"word": "poetic"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek conjunctions",
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek non-lemma forms",
"Greek noun forms",
"Greek prepositions",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "παρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ accusative"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará) (+ accusative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"despite, in spite of"
],
"links": [
[
"despite",
"despite"
],
[
"in spite of",
"in spite of"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)"
],
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Preposition"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with usage examples",
"el:Time"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Είναι έξι παρά είκοσι πέντε.\nEínai éxi pará eíkosi pénte.\nIt's twenty-five to six\n(literally, “It's six less twenty-five.”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Στις έντεκα παρά τέταρτο.\nStis énteka pará tétarto.\nAt a quarter to eleven.\n(literally, “At eleven less (a) quarter.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)",
"to (preceding the next whole hour)"
],
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Preposition"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"less (minus; not including)",
"(time) to (preceding the next whole hour)"
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"topics": [
"time"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "par’",
"word": "παρ’"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek conjunctions",
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek non-lemma forms",
"Greek noun forms",
"Greek prepositions",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "παρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"but"
],
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
]
],
"qualifier": "qualifying a negative",
"raw_glosses": [
"(qualifying a negative) but"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(comparative) than"
],
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek non-lemma forms",
"Greek noun forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "nounf",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "παρά • (pará) m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"πα‧ρά"
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "parás",
"word": "παράς"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative singular of παράς (parás)"
],
"links": [
[
"παράς",
"παράς#Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈɾa/"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
Download raw JSONL data for παρά meaning in All languages combined (9.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''[with accusative]'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"παρά"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "παρά",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.