See παρά in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for παρά meaning in Ancient Greek (7.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "para-",
"word": "παρα-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*pərai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *pərai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀫",
"tr": "pa-ro"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ante"
},
"expansion": "Latin ante",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *pərai, from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro).\nThe genitive is from the PIE ablative of origin or cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is perhaps from a metaphor of going near someone to attack them. Compare Latin ante.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"2": "gen",
"3": "dat",
"4": "acc"
},
"expansion": "πᾰρᾰ́ • (pará) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
"name": "grc-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 12 12 13 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+genitive]",
"from"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-ebiFAhwD",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 29 7 7 33 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 12 12 13 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 32 7 8 23 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 40 3 5 33 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mycenaean Greek terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+genitive]",
"because of"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-185Z5AnL",
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 21 21 15 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 12 12 13 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to stay at someone's house/home",
"roman": "ménein parà tisí",
"text": "μένειν παρὰ τισί",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+dative]"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-YQjfsIjY",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 21 21 15 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 12 12 13 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+dative]",
"at, beside, by, near"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-m7dVGCyk",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 21 21 15 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 7 7 33 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 12 12 13 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 19 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 40 3 5 33 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mycenaean Greek terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+accusative]",
"contrary to"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-jTzx5Wyb",
"links": [
[
"contrary to",
"contrary to"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 21 21 15 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 7 7 33 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 12 12 13 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 40 3 5 33 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mycenaean Greek terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+accusative]",
"beside, by, near (w/ verbs of coming or going; w/ verbs of past motion; w/ verbs of striking or wounding)"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-NjmqCLNi",
"links": [
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 21 21 15 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 12 12 13 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stand by/beside me",
"roman": "par’ ém’ hístaso",
"text": "παρ’ ἔμ’ ἵστασο",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+accusative]"
],
"id": "en-παρά-grc-prep-ZvboMwoV",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pár",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "πᾰ́ρ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Lyric"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "par’",
"tags": [
"apocopic"
],
"word": "πᾰρ’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pára",
"word": "πᾰ́ρᾰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "paraí",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "πᾰραί"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Poetic"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek prepositions",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"Mycenaean Greek terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "para-",
"word": "παρα-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*pərai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *pərai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀫",
"tr": "pa-ro"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ante"
},
"expansion": "Latin ante",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *pərai, from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro).\nThe genitive is from the PIE ablative of origin or cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is perhaps from a metaphor of going near someone to attack them. Compare Latin ante.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pará",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πᾰρᾰ́",
"2": "gen",
"3": "dat",
"4": "acc"
},
"expansion": "πᾰρᾰ́ • (pará) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
"name": "grc-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"[+genitive]",
"from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[+genitive]",
"because of"
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to stay at someone's house/home",
"roman": "ménein parà tisí",
"text": "μένειν παρὰ τισί",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+dative]"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"glosses": [
"[+dative]",
"at, beside, by, near"
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[+accusative]",
"contrary to"
],
"links": [
[
"contrary to",
"contrary to"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[+accusative]",
"beside, by, near (w/ verbs of coming or going; w/ verbs of past motion; w/ verbs of striking or wounding)"
],
"links": [
[
"beside",
"beside"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "stand by/beside me",
"roman": "par’ ém’ hístaso",
"text": "παρ’ ἔμ’ ἵστασο",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[+accusative]"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pa.rá/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "pár",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "πᾰ́ρ"
},
{
"word": "Lyric"
},
{
"english": "par’",
"tags": [
"apocopic"
],
"word": "πᾰρ’"
},
{
"roman": "pára",
"word": "πᾰ́ρᾰ"
},
{
"roman": "paraí",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "πᾰραί"
},
{
"word": "Poetic"
}
],
"word": "παρά"
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''[+accusative]'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"παρά"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "παρά",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.