See κόσμος on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kósmēsis",
"sense": "κοσμέω (kosméō)",
"word": "κόσμησις"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmikós",
"word": "κοσμικός"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κόσμος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "ко́смос"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "космос",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱens-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*kónsmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱónsmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēnseō",
"t": "to estimate"
},
"expansion": "Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शंसति",
"t": "to commend, praise"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos, from *ḱens- (“to announce, put in order”). Related to Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”) and Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kósmos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ κόσμος",
"roman": "ho kósmos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κόσμω",
"roman": "tṑ kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ κόσμοι",
"roman": "hoi kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ κόσμου",
"roman": "toû kósmou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κόσμοιν",
"roman": "toîn kósmoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν κόσμων",
"roman": "tôn kósmōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ κόσμῳ",
"roman": "tôi kósmōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κόσμοιν",
"roman": "toîn kósmoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς κόσμοις",
"roman": "toîs kósmois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν κόσμον",
"roman": "tòn kósmon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κόσμω",
"roman": "tṑ kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς κόσμους",
"roman": "toùs kósmous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμε",
"roman": "kósme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμω",
"roman": "kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"roman": "kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (genitive κόσμου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Epic",
"3": "Attic",
"4": "Ionic",
"5": "Doric",
"6": "Koine"
},
"expansion": "(Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμος",
"2": "κόσμου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"order"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-Put-luWc",
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 1 25 21 1 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Doric Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 16 1 21 19 1 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 14 14 1 11 15 15 2 2 1 2 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 12 0 14 14 0 12 16 16 1 1 0 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lawful order, government"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-zocxRpBb",
"links": [
[
"lawful",
"lawful"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mode, fashion"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-R5GMlmWp",
"links": [
[
"mode",
"mode"
],
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 1 25 21 1 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Doric Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 16 1 21 19 1 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 3 31 21 3 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 14 14 1 11 15 15 2 2 1 2 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 12 0 14 14 0 12 16 16 1 1 0 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ornament, decoration"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-3Luganks",
"links": [
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 1 25 21 1 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Doric Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 16 1 21 19 1 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 14 14 1 11 15 15 2 2 1 2 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 12 0 14 14 0 12 16 16 1 1 0 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"honour, credit"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-eb0lBa1s",
"links": [
[
"honour",
"honour"
],
[
"credit",
"credit"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruler"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-WXKBQGih",
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 1 25 21 1 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Doric Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 16 1 21 19 1 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 14 14 1 11 15 15 2 2 1 2 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 12 0 14 14 0 12 16 16 1 1 0 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world, universe, the earth"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-hXW7JI4t",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 6 17 11 6 20 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 1 25 21 1 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Doric Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 16 1 21 19 1 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 0 21 20 0 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 14 14 1 11 15 15 2 2 1 2 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 12 0 14 14 0 12 16 16 1 1 0 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mankind"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-vUL5h1ss",
"links": [
[
"mankind",
"mankind"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kóz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kóz.mos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "κόσμος"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmára",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"ironic"
],
"word": "κοσμάρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmákis",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"pejorative"
],
"word": "κοσμάκης"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmitikós",
"word": "κοσμητικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmikós",
"word": "κοσμικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmiótis",
"word": "κοσμιότης"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmó",
"word": "κοσμώ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "ко́смос"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos). Cognate with Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kósmos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμος",
"roman": "kósmos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"roman": "kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμου",
"roman": "kósmou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμων",
"roman": "kósmon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμο",
"roman": "kósmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμους",
"roman": "kósmous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμε",
"roman": "kósme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"roman": "kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "κόσμοι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "κόσμοι"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"κό‧σμος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμος",
"2": "κόσμοι",
"3": "κόσμου",
"4": "κόσμων",
"5": "κόσμο",
"6": "κόσμους",
"7": "κόσμε",
"8": "κόσμοι",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a different, better class of people; without the definite article",
"roman": "állos kósmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άλλος κόσμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "the next world; only with a definite article",
"roman": "o állos kósmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ο άλλος κόσμος"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "el:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 14 14 1 11 15 15 2 2 1 2 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 12 0 14 14 0 12 16 16 1 1 0 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 10 5 1 4 5 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 12 15 9 15 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Universe, cosmos"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-t1ozz4uq",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Universe",
"Universe"
],
[
"cosmos",
"cosmos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) Universe, cosmos"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"an imaginary world"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-LzPO~SYr",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"(figurative) an imaginary world"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He lives in another world!",
"roman": "Zei se állon kósmo!",
"text": "Ζει σε άλλον κόσμο!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Derivative: (ironic, augmentative) κοσμάρα f (kosmára)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"one's own, inner world"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-pEAFshC3",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"(figurative) one's own, inner world"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "See related expressions"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-R~dPo8qy",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It is not the fault of the people, it is the politicians' fault.",
"roman": "Den ftaíei o kósmos, ftaíne oi politikoí.",
"text": "Δεν φταίει ο κόσμος, φταίνε οι πολιτικοί.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "See related expressions"
},
{
"text": "Derivative: (pejorative) κοσμάκης m (kosmákis)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"society, the people, the masses"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-a6IS44ho",
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"masses",
"masses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, in the singular) society, the people, the masses"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "λαός"
}
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There were a lot of people at the concert.",
"roman": "Ypírche polýs kósmos sti synavlía.",
"text": "Υπήρχε πολύς κόσμος στη συναυλία.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "everybody",
"roman": "ólos o kósmos",
"text": "(expression) όλος ο κόσμος",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people (multiple persons)"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-c~lKxfl-",
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, in the singular) people (multiple persons)"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Roman world (the Romans, the Roman civilization)",
"roman": "O Romaïkós kósmos",
"text": "O Ρωμαϊκός κόσμος",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a group of people (geographically, historically, socially)"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-O0qAajI3",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈko.zmos/"
}
],
"word": "κόσμος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱens-",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Attic Greek",
"Doric Greek",
"Epic Greek",
"Ionic Greek",
"Koine Greek",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kósmēsis",
"sense": "κοσμέω (kosméō)",
"word": "κόσμησις"
},
{
"roman": "kosmikós",
"word": "κοσμικός"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κόσμος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "ко́смос"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "космос",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱens-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*kónsmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱónsmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēnseō",
"t": "to estimate"
},
"expansion": "Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शंसति",
"t": "to commend, praise"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos, from *ḱens- (“to announce, put in order”). Related to Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”) and Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kósmos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ κόσμος",
"roman": "ho kósmos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κόσμω",
"roman": "tṑ kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ κόσμοι",
"roman": "hoi kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ κόσμου",
"roman": "toû kósmou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κόσμοιν",
"roman": "toîn kósmoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν κόσμων",
"roman": "tôn kósmōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ κόσμῳ",
"roman": "tôi kósmōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κόσμοιν",
"roman": "toîn kósmoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς κόσμοις",
"roman": "toîs kósmois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν κόσμον",
"roman": "tòn kósmon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κόσμω",
"roman": "tṑ kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς κόσμους",
"roman": "toùs kósmous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμε",
"roman": "kósme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμω",
"roman": "kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"roman": "kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (genitive κόσμου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Epic",
"3": "Attic",
"4": "Ionic",
"5": "Doric",
"6": "Koine"
},
"expansion": "(Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμος",
"2": "κόσμου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"order"
],
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lawful order, government"
],
"links": [
[
"lawful",
"lawful"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mode, fashion"
],
"links": [
[
"mode",
"mode"
],
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ornament, decoration"
],
"links": [
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"honour, credit"
],
"links": [
[
"honour",
"honour"
],
[
"credit",
"credit"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruler"
],
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"world, universe, the earth"
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mankind"
],
"links": [
[
"mankind",
"mankind"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kóz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kóz.mos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "κόσμος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kosmára",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"ironic"
],
"word": "κοσμάρα"
},
{
"roman": "kosmákis",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"pejorative"
],
"word": "κοσμάκης"
},
{
"roman": "kosmitikós",
"word": "κοσμητικός"
},
{
"roman": "kosmikós",
"word": "κοσμικός"
},
{
"roman": "kosmiótis",
"word": "κοσμιότης"
},
{
"roman": "kosmó",
"word": "κοσμώ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "ко́смос"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos). Cognate with Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kósmos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμος",
"roman": "kósmos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"roman": "kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμου",
"roman": "kósmou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμων",
"roman": "kósmon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμο",
"roman": "kósmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμους",
"roman": "kósmous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμε",
"roman": "kósme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"roman": "kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "κόσμοι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "κόσμοι"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"κό‧σμος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμος",
"2": "κόσμοι",
"3": "κόσμου",
"4": "κόσμων",
"5": "κόσμο",
"6": "κόσμους",
"7": "κόσμε",
"8": "κόσμοι",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "a different, better class of people; without the definite article",
"roman": "állos kósmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άλλος κόσμος"
},
{
"english": "the next world; only with a definite article",
"roman": "o állos kósmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ο άλλος κόσμος"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"el:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Universe, cosmos"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Universe",
"Universe"
],
[
"cosmos",
"cosmos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) Universe, cosmos"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"an imaginary world"
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"(figurative) an imaginary world"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He lives in another world!",
"roman": "Zei se állon kósmo!",
"text": "Ζει σε άλλον κόσμο!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Derivative: (ironic, augmentative) κοσμάρα f (kosmára)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"one's own, inner world"
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"(figurative) one's own, inner world"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "See related expressions"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth"
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek collective nouns",
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It is not the fault of the people, it is the politicians' fault.",
"roman": "Den ftaíei o kósmos, ftaíne oi politikoí.",
"text": "Δεν φταίει ο κόσμος, φταίνε οι πολιτικοί.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "See related expressions"
},
{
"text": "Derivative: (pejorative) κοσμάκης m (kosmákis)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"society, the people, the masses"
],
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"masses",
"masses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, in the singular) society, the people, the masses"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "λαός"
}
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek collective nouns",
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There were a lot of people at the concert.",
"roman": "Ypírche polýs kósmos sti synavlía.",
"text": "Υπήρχε πολύς κόσμος στη συναυλία.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "everybody",
"roman": "ólos o kósmos",
"text": "(expression) όλος ο κόσμος",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people (multiple persons)"
],
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, in the singular) people (multiple persons)"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Roman world (the Romans, the Roman civilization)",
"roman": "O Romaïkós kósmos",
"text": "O Ρωμαϊκός κόσμος",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a group of people (geographically, historically, socially)"
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈko.zmos/"
}
],
"word": "κόσμος"
}
Download raw JSONL data for κόσμος meaning in All languages combined (13.3kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''world; planet Earth'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"κόσμος"
],
"section": "Greek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "κόσμος",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.