See κόσμος on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for κόσμος meaning in All languages combined (17.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kósmēsis",
"sense": "κοσμέω (kosméō)",
"word": "κόσμησις"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmikós",
"word": "κοσμικός"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κόσμος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "ко́смос"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "космос",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱens-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*kónsmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱónsmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱens-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱens-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēnseō",
"3": "",
"4": "to estimate"
},
"expansion": "Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शंसति",
"3": "",
"4": "to commend, praise"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos, from *ḱens-. Related to Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”) and Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kósmos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ κόσμος",
"roman": "ho kósmos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κόσμω",
"roman": "tṑ kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ κόσμοι",
"roman": "hoi kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ κόσμου",
"roman": "toû kósmou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κόσμοιν",
"roman": "toîn kósmoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν κόσμων",
"roman": "tôn kósmōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ κόσμῳ",
"roman": "tôi kósmōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κόσμοιν",
"roman": "toîn kósmoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς κόσμοις",
"roman": "toîs kósmois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν κόσμον",
"roman": "tòn kósmon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κόσμω",
"roman": "tṑ kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς κόσμους",
"roman": "toùs kósmous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμε",
"roman": "kósme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμω",
"roman": "kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"roman": "kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (genitive κόσμου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμος",
"2": "κόσμου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"order"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-Put-luWc",
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 3 21 18 3 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 24 20 1 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 16 2 22 19 2 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 1 22 20 1 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lawful order, government"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-zocxRpBb",
"links": [
[
"lawful",
"lawful"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mode, fashion"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-R5GMlmWp",
"links": [
[
"mode",
"mode"
],
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 3 21 18 3 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 24 20 1 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 3 33 20 3 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Doric Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 16 2 22 19 2 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 1 22 20 1 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 2 27 21 2 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ornament, decoration"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-3Luganks",
"links": [
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 3 21 18 3 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 24 20 1 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 16 2 22 19 2 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 1 22 20 1 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"honour, credit"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-eb0lBa1s",
"links": [
[
"honour",
"honour"
],
[
"credit",
"credit"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruler"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-WXKBQGih",
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 3 21 18 3 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 24 20 1 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 16 2 22 19 2 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 1 22 20 1 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world, universe, the earth"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-hXW7JI4t",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 22 13 7 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 6 18 11 6 20 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 19 13 6 22 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 3 21 18 3 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 1 24 20 1 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 16 2 22 19 2 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 1 22 20 1 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mankind"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-grc-noun-vUL5h1ss",
"links": [
[
"mankind",
"mankind"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kóz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kóz.mos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "κόσμος"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmára",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"ironic"
],
"word": "κοσμάρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmákis",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"pejorative"
],
"word": "κοσμάκης"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmitikós",
"word": "κοσμητικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmikós",
"word": "κοσμικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmiótis",
"word": "κοσμιότης"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kosmó",
"word": "κοσμώ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "ко́смос"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos). Cognate with Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kósmos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "κόσμοι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "κόσμοι"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"κό‧σμος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμος",
"2": "κόσμοι",
"3": "κόσμου",
"4": "κόσμων",
"5": "κόσμο",
"6": "κόσμους",
"7": "κόσμε",
"8": "κόσμοι",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a different, better class of people; without the definite article",
"roman": "állos kósmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άλλος κόσμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "the next world; only with a definite article",
"roman": "o állos kósmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ο άλλος κόσμος"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "el:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "56 3 7 6 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 16 20 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Universe, cosmos"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-t1ozz4uq",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Universe",
"Universe"
],
[
"cosmos",
"cosmos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) Universe, cosmos"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "See expressions"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"an imaginary world"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-LzPO~SYr",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"(figurative) an imaginary world"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He lives in another world!",
"roman": "Zei se állon kósmo!",
"text": "Ζει σε άλλον κόσμο!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Derivative: (ironic, augmentative) κοσμάρα f (kosmára)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"one's own, inner world"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-pEAFshC3",
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"(figurative) one's own, inner world"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It is not the fault of the people, it is the politicians' fault.",
"roman": "Den ftaíei o kósmos, ftaíne oi politikoí.",
"text": "Δεν φταίει ο κόσμος, φταίνε οι πολιτικοί.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "everybody",
"roman": "ólos o kósmos",
"text": "(expression) όλος ο κόσμος",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "See more expressions"
},
{
"text": "Derivative: (pejorative) κοσμάκης m (kosmákis)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"society, people, the masses"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-hC5xsM7t",
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"masses",
"masses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, in the singular) society, people, the masses"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Roman world (the Romans, the Roman civilization)",
"roman": "O Romaïkós kósmos",
"text": "O Ρωμαϊκός κόσμος",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a group of people (geographically, historically, socially)"
],
"id": "en-κόσμος-el-noun-O0qAajI3",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈko.zmos/"
}
],
"word": "κόσμος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱens-",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"Attic Greek",
"Doric Greek",
"Epic Greek",
"Ionic Greek",
"Koine Greek"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kósmēsis",
"sense": "κοσμέω (kosméō)",
"word": "κόσμησις"
},
{
"roman": "kosmikós",
"word": "κοσμικός"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κόσμος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "ко́смос"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kosmos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kosmos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kosmos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "космос",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱens-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*kónsmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱónsmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱens-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱens-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēnseō",
"3": "",
"4": "to estimate"
},
"expansion": "Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शंसति",
"3": "",
"4": "to commend, praise"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos, from *ḱens-. Related to Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”) and Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kósmos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ κόσμος",
"roman": "ho kósmos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κόσμω",
"roman": "tṑ kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ κόσμοι",
"roman": "hoi kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ κόσμου",
"roman": "toû kósmou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κόσμοιν",
"roman": "toîn kósmoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν κόσμων",
"roman": "tôn kósmōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ κόσμῳ",
"roman": "tôi kósmōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κόσμοιν",
"roman": "toîn kósmoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς κόσμοις",
"roman": "toîs kósmois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν κόσμον",
"roman": "tòn kósmon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κόσμω",
"roman": "tṑ kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς κόσμους",
"roman": "toùs kósmous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμε",
"roman": "kósme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμω",
"roman": "kósmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"roman": "kósmoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (genitive κόσμου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμος",
"2": "κόσμου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"order"
],
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lawful order, government"
],
"links": [
[
"lawful",
"lawful"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mode, fashion"
],
"links": [
[
"mode",
"mode"
],
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ornament, decoration"
],
"links": [
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"honour, credit"
],
"links": [
[
"honour",
"honour"
],
[
"credit",
"credit"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruler"
],
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"world, universe, the earth"
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mankind"
],
"links": [
[
"mankind",
"mankind"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Doric",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kóz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kóz.mos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoz.mos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "κόσμος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kosmára",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"ironic"
],
"word": "κοσμάρα"
},
{
"roman": "kosmákis",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"pejorative"
],
"word": "κοσμάκης"
},
{
"roman": "kosmitikós",
"word": "κοσμητικός"
},
{
"roman": "kosmikós",
"word": "κοσμικός"
},
{
"roman": "kosmiótis",
"word": "κοσμιότης"
},
{
"roman": "kosmó",
"word": "κοσμώ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "ко́смос"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos). Cognate with Mariupol Greek ко́смос (kósmos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kósmos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κόσμοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "κόσμοι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "κόσμοι"
},
"expansion": "κόσμος • (kósmos) m (plural κόσμοι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"κό‧σμος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κόσμος",
"2": "κόσμοι",
"3": "κόσμου",
"4": "κόσμων",
"5": "κόσμο",
"6": "κόσμους",
"7": "κόσμε",
"8": "κόσμοι",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "a different, better class of people; without the definite article",
"roman": "állos kósmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άλλος κόσμος"
},
{
"english": "the next world; only with a definite article",
"roman": "o állos kósmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ο άλλος κόσμος"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"el:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Universe, cosmos"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Universe",
"Universe"
],
[
"cosmos",
"cosmos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) Universe, cosmos"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "See expressions"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"an imaginary world"
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"(figurative) an imaginary world"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He lives in another world!",
"roman": "Zei se állon kósmo!",
"text": "Ζει σε άλλον κόσμο!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Derivative: (ironic, augmentative) κοσμάρα f (kosmára)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"one's own, inner world"
],
"links": [
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"world; planet Earth",
"(figurative) one's own, inner world"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek collective nouns",
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It is not the fault of the people, it is the politicians' fault.",
"roman": "Den ftaíei o kósmos, ftaíne oi politikoí.",
"text": "Δεν φταίει ο κόσμος, φταίνε οι πολιτικοί.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "everybody",
"roman": "ólos o kósmos",
"text": "(expression) όλος ο κόσμος",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "See more expressions"
},
{
"text": "Derivative: (pejorative) κοσμάκης m (kosmákis)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"society, people, the masses"
],
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"masses",
"masses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, in the singular) society, people, the masses"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Roman world (the Romans, the Roman civilization)",
"roman": "O Romaïkós kósmos",
"text": "O Ρωμαϊκός κόσμος",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a group of people (geographically, historically, socially)"
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈko.zmos/"
}
],
"word": "κόσμος"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.