See κάλαμος on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for κάλαμος meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kalamágrōstis",
"word": "καλαμάγρωστις"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kaláminos",
"word": "καλάμινος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kalámion",
"word": "καλάμιον"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kalamothḗkē",
"word": "καλαμοθήκη"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kalamographíā",
"word": "κᾰλᾰμογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kalamís",
"word": "κᾰλᾰμῐ́ς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kalamískos",
"word": "κᾰλᾰμῐ́σκος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κάλαμος",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: κάλαμος (kálamos) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: κάλαμος (kálamos) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "قَلَم",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: قَلَم (qalam)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: قَلَم (qalam) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qalam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: qalam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: qalam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կալամոն",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: կալամոն (kalamon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: կալամոն (kalamon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "קולמוס",
"3": "קלמרין",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "kulmus",
"tr2": "kalmarin"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: קולמוס (kulmus), קלמרין (kalmarin)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "קלמר",
"tr": "kalmar"
},
"expansion": "קלמר (kalmar)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: קולמוס (kulmus), קלמרין (kalmarin) (> קלמר (kalmar))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "calamus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: calamus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: calamus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलम",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sanskrit: कलम (kalama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sanskrit: कलम (kalama)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱolh₂mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "zero-grade",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱl̥h₂mós"
},
"expansion": "*ḱl̥h₂mós",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱĺ̥h₂mos"
},
"expansion": "*ḱĺ̥h₂mos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "соло́ма"
},
"expansion": "Russian соло́ма (solóma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "halmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse halmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "healm"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "English haulm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos via its zero-grade stem (such as genitive *ḱl̥h₂mós, with a shift in accent to *ḱĺ̥h₂mos), or (according to Beekes) independently thematicized from an original ablauting paradigm *ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-. Cognates include Latin culmus, Russian соло́ма (solóma), Old Norse halmr and Old English healm (English haulm).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "κᾰ́λᾰμος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kálamos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κᾰλᾰ́μου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ κᾰ́λᾰμος",
"roman": "ho kálamos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κᾰλᾰ́μω",
"roman": "tṑ kalámō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ κᾰ́λᾰμοι",
"roman": "hoi kálamoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ κᾰλᾰ́μου",
"roman": "toû kalámou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κᾰλᾰ́μοιν",
"roman": "toîn kalámoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν κᾰλᾰ́μων",
"roman": "tôn kalámōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ κᾰλᾰ́μῳ",
"roman": "tôi kalámōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κᾰλᾰ́μοιν",
"roman": "toîn kalámoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς κᾰλᾰ́μοις",
"roman": "toîs kalámois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν κᾰ́λᾰμον",
"roman": "tòn kálamon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κᾰλᾰ́μω",
"roman": "tṑ kalámō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς κᾰλᾰ́μους",
"roman": "toùs kalámous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κᾰ́λᾰμε",
"roman": "kálame",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κᾰλᾰ́μω",
"roman": "kalámō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κᾰ́λᾰμοι",
"roman": "kálamoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κᾰλᾰ́μου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second",
"head": "κᾰ́λᾰμος"
},
"expansion": "κᾰ́λᾰμος • (kálamos) m (genitive κᾰλᾰ́μου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κᾰ́λᾰμος",
"2": "ου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a reed"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-grc-noun-gBstzJD2",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 24 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 23 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"staff, rod"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-grc-noun-i7wHKkis",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 15 28 15 15 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 24 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 23 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 26 15 15 15 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"measuring rod"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-grc-noun-NwjHiq89",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 24 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 23 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"pen"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-grc-noun-ThJFYpmJ",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 24 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 23 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"flute"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-grc-noun-7HUFHnj-",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"flute",
"flute"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 24 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 23 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"shaft of an arrow"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-grc-noun-4jYgVe~L",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
],
[
"arrow",
"arrow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 24 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 21 13 23 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "plants"
},
{
"word": "which are neither bush"
},
{
"word": "nor tree"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collectively, of plants, which are neither bush, nor tree"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-grc-noun-OikK0GwL",
"links": [
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ká.la.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ká.la.mos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kalámē",
"word": "καλάμη"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Reed pen"
],
"word": "κάλαμος"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κάλαμος"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "καλάμι",
"3": "καλέμι",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of καλάμι (kalámi) and καλέμι (kalémi)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "καλαμάρι"
},
"expansion": "καλαμάρι (kalamári)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "fr",
"3": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Semantic loan from French plume",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos); doublet of καλάμι (kalámi) and καλέμι (kalémi). Also see καλαμάρι (kalamári).\nThe figurative sense, a Semantic loan from French plume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kálamos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμοι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-3b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "καλάμου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "καλάμων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "καλάμους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "κάλαμοι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "κάλαμος • (kálamos) m (plural κάλαμοι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "κάλαμοι"
},
"expansion": "κάλαμος • (kálamos) m (plural κάλαμοι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"κά‧λα‧μος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κάλαμος",
"2": "κάλαμοι",
"3": "καλάμου",
"4": "καλάμων",
"5": "κάλαμο",
"6": "καλάμους",
"7": "κάλαμε",
"8": "κάλαμοι",
"ap": "",
"gp": "",
"gs": "",
"note": "",
"np": "",
"vp": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "reed, fishing rod, shin; reed",
"roman": "kalamiá",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καλάμι n & related e.g. καλαμιά"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "small rod, skewer",
"roman": "kalamáki",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "καλαμάκι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kalamoeidís",
"word": "καλαμοειδής"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "placename, especially of resort near Athens",
"roman": "Kálamos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Κάλαμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kalamódis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καλαμώδης"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ancient feminine form",
"roman": "kalámē",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καλάμη"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "92 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 28 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'άνθρωπος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reed pen"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-el-noun--1oBVBQL",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) reed pen"
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"reed, cane"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-el-noun-6ZczgIky",
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) reed, cane"
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"literary art of a writer"
],
"id": "en-κάλαμος-el-noun-zyI~EL9C",
"links": [
[
"literary",
"literary"
],
[
"art",
"art"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) literary art of a writer"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/"
}
],
"word": "κάλαμος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kalamágrōstis",
"word": "καλαμάγρωστις"
},
{
"roman": "kaláminos",
"word": "καλάμινος"
},
{
"roman": "kalámion",
"word": "καλάμιον"
},
{
"roman": "kalamothḗkē",
"word": "καλαμοθήκη"
},
{
"roman": "kalamographíā",
"word": "κᾰλᾰμογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ"
},
{
"roman": "kalamís",
"word": "κᾰλᾰμῐ́ς"
},
{
"roman": "kalamískos",
"word": "κᾰλᾰμῐ́σκος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κάλαμος",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: κάλαμος (kálamos) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: κάλαμος (kálamos) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "قَلَم",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: قَلَم (qalam)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: قَلَم (qalam) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qalam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: qalam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: qalam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կալամոն",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: կալամոն (kalamon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: կալամոն (kalamon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "קולמוס",
"3": "קלמרין",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "kulmus",
"tr2": "kalmarin"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: קולמוס (kulmus), קלמרין (kalmarin)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "קלמר",
"tr": "kalmar"
},
"expansion": "קלמר (kalmar)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: קולמוס (kulmus), קלמרין (kalmarin) (> קלמר (kalmar))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "calamus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: calamus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: calamus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलम",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sanskrit: कलम (kalama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sanskrit: कलम (kalama)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱolh₂mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "zero-grade",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱl̥h₂mós"
},
"expansion": "*ḱl̥h₂mós",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱĺ̥h₂mos"
},
"expansion": "*ḱĺ̥h₂mos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-"
},
"expansion": "*ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "соло́ма"
},
"expansion": "Russian соло́ма (solóma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "halmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse halmr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "healm"
},
"expansion": "Old English healm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "English haulm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos via its zero-grade stem (such as genitive *ḱl̥h₂mós, with a shift in accent to *ḱĺ̥h₂mos), or (according to Beekes) independently thematicized from an original ablauting paradigm *ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-. Cognates include Latin culmus, Russian соло́ма (solóma), Old Norse halmr and Old English healm (English haulm).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "κᾰ́λᾰμος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kálamos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κᾰλᾰ́μου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ κᾰ́λᾰμος",
"roman": "ho kálamos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κᾰλᾰ́μω",
"roman": "tṑ kalámō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ κᾰ́λᾰμοι",
"roman": "hoi kálamoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ κᾰλᾰ́μου",
"roman": "toû kalámou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κᾰλᾰ́μοιν",
"roman": "toîn kalámoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν κᾰλᾰ́μων",
"roman": "tôn kalámōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ κᾰλᾰ́μῳ",
"roman": "tôi kalámōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κᾰλᾰ́μοιν",
"roman": "toîn kalámoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς κᾰλᾰ́μοις",
"roman": "toîs kalámois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν κᾰ́λᾰμον",
"roman": "tòn kálamon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κᾰλᾰ́μω",
"roman": "tṑ kalámō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς κᾰλᾰ́μους",
"roman": "toùs kalámous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κᾰ́λᾰμε",
"roman": "kálame",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κᾰλᾰ́μω",
"roman": "kalámō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κᾰ́λᾰμοι",
"roman": "kálamoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κᾰλᾰ́μου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second",
"head": "κᾰ́λᾰμος"
},
"expansion": "κᾰ́λᾰμος • (kálamos) m (genitive κᾰλᾰ́μου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κᾰ́λᾰμος",
"2": "ου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a reed"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"staff, rod"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"measuring rod"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"pen"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"flute"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"flute",
"flute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything made of reed or cane",
"shaft of an arrow"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
],
[
"arrow",
"arrow"
]
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "plants"
},
{
"word": "which are neither bush"
},
{
"word": "nor tree"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collectively, of plants, which are neither bush, nor tree"
],
"links": [
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ká.la.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ká.la.mos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kalámē",
"word": "καλάμη"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Reed pen"
],
"word": "κάλαμος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek doublets",
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'άνθρωπος'",
"Greek semantic loans from French",
"Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from French",
"Greek terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κάλαμος"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "καλάμι",
"3": "καλέμι",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of καλάμι (kalámi) and καλέμι (kalémi)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "καλαμάρι"
},
"expansion": "καλαμάρι (kalamári)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "fr",
"3": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Semantic loan from French plume",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos); doublet of καλάμι (kalámi) and καλέμι (kalémi). Also see καλαμάρι (kalamári).\nThe figurative sense, a Semantic loan from French plume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kálamos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμοι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-3b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "καλάμου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "καλάμων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "καλάμους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κάλαμοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "κάλαμοι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "κάλαμος • (kálamos) m (plural κάλαμοι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "κάλαμοι"
},
"expansion": "κάλαμος • (kálamos) m (plural κάλαμοι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"κά‧λα‧μος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κάλαμος",
"2": "κάλαμοι",
"3": "καλάμου",
"4": "καλάμων",
"5": "κάλαμο",
"6": "καλάμους",
"7": "κάλαμε",
"8": "κάλαμοι",
"ap": "",
"gp": "",
"gs": "",
"note": "",
"np": "",
"vp": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "reed, fishing rod, shin; reed",
"roman": "kalamiá",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καλάμι n & related e.g. καλαμιά"
},
{
"english": "small rod, skewer",
"roman": "kalamáki",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "καλαμάκι"
},
{
"roman": "kalamoeidís",
"word": "καλαμοειδής"
},
{
"english": "placename, especially of resort near Athens",
"roman": "Kálamos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Κάλαμος"
},
{
"roman": "kalamódis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καλαμώδης"
},
{
"english": "ancient feminine form",
"roman": "kalámē",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καλάμη"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greek formal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"reed pen"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) reed pen"
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek formal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"reed, cane"
],
"links": [
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) reed, cane"
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"literary art of a writer"
],
"links": [
[
"literary",
"literary"
],
[
"art",
"art"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) literary art of a writer"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.la.mos/"
}
],
"word": "κάλαμος"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.