See ǵʰéyōm on Wiktionary
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{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"alt": "< acc.sg. *ǵʰim-ér-m or < *ǵʰimer-n",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"roman": "jmeṙn",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian; Old Armenian",
"word": "ձմեռն"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"roman": "kheimerinós",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰeimerinós",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "χειμερινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *heimrinos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hībernus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *heimrinos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hībernum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*ǵʰeym-eh₂",
"word": "źeimā́ˀ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*ǵʰyem-os",
"word": "gyemos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"english": "winterly, troublesome, fearful, terrible; of bad winters",
"roman": "dúskhimos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *dúskʰimos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek",
"literally"
],
"word": "δύσχιμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *dwihimos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "bīmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *trihimos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "trīmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"alt": "ex. शतहिम (śatáhima; )",
"english": "hundred-year-old",
"roman": "-hima",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-źʰimas",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "-हिम"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ǵʰyémi"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰyémi",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄀𒂊𒈪",
"pos1": "loc.sg.",
"qq1": "< loc.sg. *ǵʰyémi",
"t1": "in the winter",
"tr": "gi-e-mi",
"ts1": "gyemi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄀𒂊𒈪 (gi-e-mi /gyemi/, “in the winter”, loc.sg.) (< loc.sg. *ǵʰyémi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄀𒂊𒈪 (gi-e-mi /gyemi/, “in the winter”, loc.sg.) (< loc.sg. *ǵʰyémi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձիւն",
"t": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ձիւն (jiwn, “snow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ǵʰim-ós"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰim-ós",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós"
},
"expansion": "(< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ձիւն (jiwn, “snow”) (< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōį̄"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gōį̄",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gōį̄"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gói",
"3": "gæ",
"t": "late winter"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gói (“late winter”), gæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gói (“late winter”), gæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gói",
"3": "góa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gói, góa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: gói, góa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "göja"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: göja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: göja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "Gyja"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: Gyja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: Gyja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gjø"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gjø",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "goi"
},
"expansion": "goi",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "goa"
},
"expansion": "goa",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "go"
},
"expansion": "go",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gjø, dial. goi, goa, go"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gue"
},
"expansion": "Danish: gue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: gue (dial.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "gø",
"t": "month"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: gø (“month”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: gø (“month”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰimás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰimás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ǵʰim-ós"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰim-ós",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós"
},
"expansion": "(< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰimás (< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰiṓn",
"t": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰiṓn (“snow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰiṓn (“snow”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χιών"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χιών (khiṓn)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χιών (khiṓn) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*hiom-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *hiom-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *hiom-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hiems"
},
"expansion": "Latin: hiems",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: hiems"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰey-",
"3": "*ōm",
"t1": "winter"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-ōm",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-ōm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéyōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéyōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰyém",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰyémi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "ǵʰyémm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰéyōm f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰéyom",
"2": "ǵʰim",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "ǵʰyém, ǵʰyémi",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰéyōm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "spring",
"word": "wósr̥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "summer",
"word": "semh₂-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "autumn",
"word": "(s)h₁es-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "winter",
"word": "ǵʰéyōm"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "62 26 13",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "⇒ *dwi-ǵʰim-os (“two years old”, literally “of two winters”)",
"word": "twigimaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰéyōm-ine-pro-noun-MMVGH8J7",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"year (as a measure of time)"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰéyōm-ine-pro-noun-~XMo7J3T",
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*wétos"
},
{
"word": "*yóh₁r̥"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ǵʰey-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ōm",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"roman": "thematicized",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰímər",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "χῐ́μᾰρος"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frost, snow"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰéyōm-ine-pro-noun-ax6h1-Re",
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"snow",
"snow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*snígʷʰs"
},
{
"word": "*snóygʷʰos"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰéyōm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic m-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European term requests",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ǵʰey-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ōm",
"ine-pro:Seasons"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "< acc.sg. *ǵʰim-ér-m or < *ǵʰimer-n",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"roman": "jmeṙn",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian; Old Armenian",
"word": "ձմեռն"
},
{
"roman": "thematicized",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰímər",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "χῐ́μᾰρος"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"roman": "kheimerinós",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰeimerinós",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "χειμερινός"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *heimrinos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hībernus"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *heimrinos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hībernum"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*ǵʰeym-eh₂",
"word": "źeimā́ˀ"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*ǵʰyem-os",
"word": "gyemos"
},
{
"english": "winterly, troublesome, fearful, terrible; of bad winters",
"roman": "dúskhimos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *dúskʰimos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek",
"literally"
],
"word": "δύσχιμος"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "⇒ *dwi-ǵʰim-os (“two years old”, literally “of two winters”)",
"word": "twigimaz"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *dwihimos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "bīmus"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *trihimos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "trīmus"
},
{
"alt": "ex. शतहिम (śatáhima; )",
"english": "hundred-year-old",
"roman": "-hima",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-źʰimas",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "-हिम"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "]"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Persian: (/hazangrōzim/, “Zoroastrian millennium”)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ǵʰyémi"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰyémi",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄀𒂊𒈪",
"pos1": "loc.sg.",
"qq1": "< loc.sg. *ǵʰyémi",
"t1": "in the winter",
"tr": "gi-e-mi",
"ts1": "gyemi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄀𒂊𒈪 (gi-e-mi /gyemi/, “in the winter”, loc.sg.) (< loc.sg. *ǵʰyémi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄀𒂊𒈪 (gi-e-mi /gyemi/, “in the winter”, loc.sg.) (< loc.sg. *ǵʰyémi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձիւն",
"t": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ձիւն (jiwn, “snow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ǵʰim-ós"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰim-ós",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós"
},
"expansion": "(< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ձիւն (jiwn, “snow”) (< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōį̄"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *gōį̄",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *gōį̄"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gói",
"3": "gæ",
"t": "late winter"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: gói (“late winter”), gæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: gói (“late winter”), gæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gói",
"3": "góa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: gói, góa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: gói, góa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "göja"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: göja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: göja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "Gyja"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: Gyja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: Gyja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gjø"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gjø",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "goi"
},
"expansion": "goi",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "goa"
},
"expansion": "goa",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "go"
},
"expansion": "go",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: gjø, dial. goi, goa, go"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gue"
},
"expansion": "Danish: gue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: gue (dial.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "gø",
"t": "month"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: gø (“month”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: gø (“month”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰimás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰimás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ǵʰim-ós"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰim-ós",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós"
},
"expansion": "(< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰimás (< gen.sg. *ǵʰim-ós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰiṓn",
"t": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰiṓn (“snow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰiṓn (“snow”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χιών"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χιών (khiṓn)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χιών (khiṓn) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*hiom-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *hiom-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *hiom-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hiems"
},
"expansion": "Latin: hiems",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: hiems"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰey-",
"3": "*ōm",
"t1": "winter"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-ōm",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-ōm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéyōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéyōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰyém",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰyémi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "ǵʰyémm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰéyōm f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰéyom",
"2": "ǵʰim",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "ǵʰyém, ǵʰyémi",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰéyōm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "spring",
"word": "wósr̥"
},
{
"english": "summer",
"word": "semh₂-"
},
{
"english": "autumn",
"word": "(s)h₁es-"
},
{
"english": "winter",
"word": "ǵʰéyōm"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Winter"
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Years"
],
"glosses": [
"year (as a measure of time)"
],
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*wétos"
},
{
"word": "*yóh₁r̥"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Atmospheric phenomena"
],
"glosses": [
"frost, snow"
],
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"snow",
"snow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*snígʷʰs"
},
{
"word": "*snóygʷʰos"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰéyōm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.