"semh₂-" meaning in All languages combined

See semh₂- on Wiktionary

Root [Proto-Indo-European]

Etymology: May be related to *sēmi (“half”), if the original meaning was “half-year” as attested in Vedic. Martirosyan argues that “year” was the original meaning. Etymology templates: {{root|ine-pro|ine-pro|*sem-}}
  1. summer (season) Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-semh₂--ine-pro-root-HqDf6HYL
  2. year Tags: morpheme, reconstruction Synonyms: *ǵʰéyōm, *wet-, *yóh₁r̥
    Sense id: en-semh₂--ine-pro-root-TLTqJVg8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: s(e)m-eh₂- Related terms: wósr̥ (english: spring), semh₂- (english: summer), (s)h₁es- (english: autumn), ǵʰéyōm (english: winter)
Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots, Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European roots, Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *sem- Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots: 0 0 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header: 0 0 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European roots: 0 0 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *sem-: 0 0
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Pages with entries",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
      "parents": [
        "Entries with incorrect language header",
        "Entry maintenance"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *sem-",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*s(é)m-eh₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*sámaH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sámaH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sámaH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*sámaH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sámaH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sámaH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "समा",
            "t": "season, weather, half-year",
            "tr": "sámā"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: समा (sámā, “season, weather, half-year”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: समा (sámā, “season, weather, half-year”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "ग्रीष्म",
            "der": "1",
            "t": "summer",
            "tr": "grī-ṣmá"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: ग्रीष्म (grī-ṣmá, “summer”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Sanskrit: ग्रीष्म (grī-ṣmá, “summer”) (< *gʷr̥h₂-sm̥h₂-ó-s)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*sm̥h₂-e/or- (r-stem)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "ամառն"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: ամառն (amaṙn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: ամառն (amaṙn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "ամառ"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: ամառ (amaṙ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: ամառ (amaṙ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "alt": "*sm̥h₂-er-o-s",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ *sm̥h₂-er-o-s",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Germanic can also reflect <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*sm̥h₂-or-o-s</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(Germanic can also reflect *sm̥h₂-or-o-s)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ *sm̥h₂-er-o-s (Germanic can also reflect *sm̥h₂-or-o-s)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "alt": "*samaros",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *samaros",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *samaros"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "alt": "*Samaro-brīwa",
            "der": "1",
            "pos": "toponym",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒? Gaulish: *Samaro-brīwa (toponym)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒? Gaulish: *Samaro-brīwa (toponym)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "Samarobrīva",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: Samarobrīva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: Samarobrīva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*sumaraz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *sumaraz",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *sumaraz (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly from a heteroclitic r/n-stem"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly from a heteroclitic r/n-stem)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*sm̥h₂-ōn (n-stem) (possibly from a heteroclitic r/n-stem)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "",
            "alt": "*samū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *samū",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *samū"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*kentusamonyos",
            "alt": "*kentu-samon-yos",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1",
            "t": "beginning of summer"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ *kentu-samon-yos (“beginning of summer”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ *kentu-samon-yos (“beginning of summer”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*samonyos",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ *samonyos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ *samonyos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "mid samonios",
            "der": "1",
            "pos": "a month of the Coligny calendar",
            "t": "early summer?"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Gaulish: mid samonios (“early summer?”, a month of the Coligny calendar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Gaulish: mid samonios (“early summer?”, a month of the Coligny calendar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*sm̥h₂-ó-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "ամ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: ամ (am)\n→ Armenian: ամ (am) (learned)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: ամ (am)\n→ Armenian: ամ (am) (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*samos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *samos",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *samos (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬵𐬀𐬨",
            "tr": "ham-"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kho",
            "2": "",
            "tr": "hamana-"
          },
          "expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (hamana-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (hamana-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ku-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Kurdish:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Kurdish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ckb",
            "2": "ھاوین"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Kurdish: ھاوین (hawîn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Kurdish: ھاوین (hawîn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "havîn"
          },
          "expansion": "Northern Kurdish: havîn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northern Kurdish: havîn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "2": "ḥʾmyn",
            "tr": "hāmīn"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian: ḥʾmyn (hāmīn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Persian: ḥʾmyn (hāmīn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "هامین",
            "tr": "hâmin"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: هامین (hâmin)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: هامین (hâmin)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-toc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xto",
            "2": "ṣme"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian A: ṣme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian A: ṣme"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "txb",
            "2": "ṣmāye"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian B: ṣmāye",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian B: ṣmāye"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sem-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "May be related to *sēmi (“half”), if the original meaning was “half-year” as attested in Vedic. Martirosyan argues that “year” was the original meaning.",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/semh₂-",
  "pos": "root",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "spring",
      "word": "wósr̥"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "summer",
      "word": "semh₂-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "autumn",
      "word": "(s)h₁es-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "winter",
      "word": "ǵʰéyōm"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "summer (season)"
      ],
      "id": "en-semh₂--ine-pro-root-HqDf6HYL",
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "year"
      ],
      "id": "en-semh₂--ine-pro-root-TLTqJVg8",
      "links": [
        [
          "year",
          "year"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*ǵʰéyōm"
        },
        {
          "word": "*wet-"
        },
        {
          "word": "*yóh₁r̥"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "s(e)m-eh₂-"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Coligny calendar"
  ],
  "word": "semh₂-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European term requests",
    "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *sem-",
    "ine-pro:Seasons"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*s(é)m-eh₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*sámaH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sámaH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sámaH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*sámaH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sámaH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sámaH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "समा",
            "t": "season, weather, half-year",
            "tr": "sámā"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: समा (sámā, “season, weather, half-year”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: समा (sámā, “season, weather, half-year”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "ग्रीष्म",
            "der": "1",
            "t": "summer",
            "tr": "grī-ṣmá"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: ग्रीष्म (grī-ṣmá, “summer”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Sanskrit: ग्रीष्म (grī-ṣmá, “summer”) (< *gʷr̥h₂-sm̥h₂-ó-s)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*sm̥h₂-e/or- (r-stem)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "ամառն"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: ամառն (amaṙn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: ամառն (amaṙn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "ամառ"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: ամառ (amaṙ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: ամառ (amaṙ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "alt": "*sm̥h₂-er-o-s",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ *sm̥h₂-er-o-s",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Germanic can also reflect <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*sm̥h₂-or-o-s</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(Germanic can also reflect *sm̥h₂-or-o-s)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ *sm̥h₂-er-o-s (Germanic can also reflect *sm̥h₂-or-o-s)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "alt": "*samaros",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *samaros",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *samaros"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "alt": "*Samaro-brīwa",
            "der": "1",
            "pos": "toponym",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒? Gaulish: *Samaro-brīwa (toponym)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒? Gaulish: *Samaro-brīwa (toponym)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "Samarobrīva",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: Samarobrīva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: Samarobrīva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*sumaraz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *sumaraz",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *sumaraz (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly from a heteroclitic r/n-stem"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly from a heteroclitic r/n-stem)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*sm̥h₂-ōn (n-stem) (possibly from a heteroclitic r/n-stem)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "",
            "alt": "*samū"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *samū",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *samū"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*kentusamonyos",
            "alt": "*kentu-samon-yos",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1",
            "t": "beginning of summer"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ *kentu-samon-yos (“beginning of summer”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ *kentu-samon-yos (“beginning of summer”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*samonyos",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ *samonyos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ *samonyos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "mid samonios",
            "der": "1",
            "pos": "a month of the Coligny calendar",
            "t": "early summer?"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Gaulish: mid samonios (“early summer?”, a month of the Coligny calendar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Gaulish: mid samonios (“early summer?”, a month of the Coligny calendar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*sm̥h₂-ó-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "ամ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: ամ (am)\n→ Armenian: ամ (am) (learned)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: ամ (am)\n→ Armenian: ամ (am) (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*samos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *samos",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *samos (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬵𐬀𐬨",
            "tr": "ham-"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kho",
            "2": "",
            "tr": "hamana-"
          },
          "expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (hamana-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (hamana-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ku-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Kurdish:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Kurdish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ckb",
            "2": "ھاوین"
          },
          "expansion": "Central Kurdish: ھاوین (hawîn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Kurdish: ھاوین (hawîn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "havîn"
          },
          "expansion": "Northern Kurdish: havîn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northern Kurdish: havîn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "2": "ḥʾmyn",
            "tr": "hāmīn"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian: ḥʾmyn (hāmīn)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Persian: ḥʾmyn (hāmīn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "هامین",
            "tr": "hâmin"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: هامین (hâmin)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: هامین (hâmin)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-toc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xto",
            "2": "ṣme"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian A: ṣme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian A: ṣme"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "txb",
            "2": "ṣmāye"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian B: ṣmāye",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian B: ṣmāye"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sem-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "May be related to *sēmi (“half”), if the original meaning was “half-year” as attested in Vedic. Martirosyan argues that “year” was the original meaning.",
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/semh₂-",
  "pos": "root",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "spring",
      "word": "wósr̥"
    },
    {
      "english": "summer",
      "word": "semh₂-"
    },
    {
      "english": "autumn",
      "word": "(s)h₁es-"
    },
    {
      "english": "winter",
      "word": "ǵʰéyōm"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "summer (season)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "year"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "year",
          "year"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*ǵʰéyōm"
        },
        {
          "word": "*wet-"
        },
        {
          "word": "*yóh₁r̥"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "s(e)m-eh₂-"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Coligny calendar"
  ],
  "word": "semh₂-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for semh₂- meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.