See ćma on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ćma",
"id": "moth"
},
"expansion": "Polish: ćma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: ćma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ćma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ćma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "sla-pro>*tьma>darkness",
"id": "darkness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nOld Polish ćma",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьmà",
"4": "",
"5": "darkness",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "darkness",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьmà (“darkness”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьmà",
"id": "darkness",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьmà (“darkness”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nOld Polish ćma\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tьmà (“darkness”). First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ćma f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 36:",
"text": "V yątrz[ey]nyeyschem, w czmye in vigilia matutina",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-c8E8LUEZ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"(hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
42
]
],
"ref": "1880-1894 [XV p. pr.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page 301:",
"text": "Ingressusque Moyses in medium nebule, czmy, ascendit in montem",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1444], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 307:",
"text": "Czma caligo",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"cloud; fog"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-rOsY-29r",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
],
[
"fog",
"fog"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"cloud; fog"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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[
61,
67
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Is”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 49, 9:",
"text": "Abi rzekl tym, kto[rzy] w iøczstwye sø: winydzcye, gys to we czmach sø: zyaw[cie] syø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
38
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 490:",
"text": "Sługę nieużytecznego wrzucicie vyeczny wnątrzne",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"prison"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-oQSGIcMr",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"prison"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "darkness of death",
"text": "ćma śmierci",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 81, 5:",
"text": "Ne wedzeli sø ani rozumeli, we czmach chodzø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 111, 4:",
"text": "Weszla gest we czmach swatloscz prawym",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
61
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 238:",
"text": "Światłość przyszła na ten świat, a ludzie miłowali więcej ćmy niż światłości boskie",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
47
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 280:",
"text": "Będzieli serce twoje, które jest w tobie, ćmami, ty istne ćmy tako wielikie będą?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 312:",
"text": "Czosz ya vam movye wy czmye, przepovyedayczye na szvyeczye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 632:",
"text": "Droga grzesznych ćma, a nie widzą, gdzie idą",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
103
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 650:",
"text": "Yze mocz vascha, ktorasczye szye przeczyv svyatlosczy bronno przybraly albo przypravyly, yest ve czmach",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
45
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 87, 6:",
"text": "Poloszili sø mne w iezerze niszszem we czmach y w czemnosci smerczi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 10:",
"text": "Sedzøcz we *czmøch y w czenv smerczy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 14:",
"text": "Wywodl ye ze czmy y z czena smerczy y przekowy gych zlamal",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
53
]
],
"ref": "1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116, Warsaw, page 291:",
"text": "Oszvyeczycz thy, chtorzy w czyemnoszczyach y ve czmye szmyerczy szyedza",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-nWI-8ot3",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia, figuratively) darkness"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
46
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 779:",
"text": "Yze bog vschechmogączy... vymvye s moczy czyem y przylacza kv krolevstw syna myloszyerdzya",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"hell"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-Mp7fzqdR",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"(hapax legomenon) hell"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
72,
78
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 10, 2:",
"text": "Grzesznicy... nagotowali sø strzali swoie w tule, iszbichø strzelali we czmach ymaiøcze prawa sercza",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 17, 13:",
"text": "Poloszil iest czmi szirokoscz swoiø, w okrødze iego stan iego, woda czemna w obloczech powetrznich",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
61
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 17, 31:",
"text": "Bo ti osweczasz sweczø moiø, gospodne, bosze moy, oswecy czmy moie",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
51,
55
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 54, 5:",
"text": "Boiazn y drszene prziszly sø na mø y pocrili sø me czmi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
28
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 87, 13:",
"text": "Azali poznani bødø we czmach dziwi twoie?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 90, 6:",
"text": "Ne *bodzesz se bacz... od potrzebyzny chodzøczey we czmach",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 103, 21:",
"text": "Poloszyl yes tczmy y vczynyla sø nocz, w nyey przechodzycz bødø wszelka zwyerzøta lesnaa",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 104, 27:",
"text": "Posial tczmy y zachmvrzyl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 138, 10:",
"text": "Snadz *czymy podepczø mø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 138, 11:",
"text": "Ysze czmy ne oczeneny bødø ot czebe",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ann 14:",
"text": "Nemylosczywy we czmach zamylknø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 2:",
"text": "Alye szemya bila... proszna a czmi bili na twarzy przepaszczy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
78
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 4:",
"text": "A vszrzal bog szwyatloszcz, ysze gest dobra y roszdzelyl szwyatloszcz ode czmi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 5:",
"text": "Nazwal gestszwyatloszcz dnyem, a czmi noczø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
84
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 18:",
"text": "Uczynyl bog... gwyazdi..., abi... wlodly dnyem y noczø a szwyatlo rozdzelaly se czmø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
56,
60
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 15, 17:",
"text": "A gdisz bilo slunce za gorø zaslo y vczyny szyø mrokowa czma",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 5, 12:",
"text": "Ktora radoscz mnye moze bicz, gen we czmach syedzø, a swyatla nyebyeskego nye wydzø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
131
],
[
211,
215
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 622:",
"text": "Myedzy ymy bądącz oslyepyl ych oczy, ysch go nye posnaly, a tez ysch ssą yego nye poznaly, nye byla vyna v them, czvsch aby omaczmye s nymy movyl, bo... svycze, pochodnye, latarnye myely, aze ve vschem ogrodzye czmy nye bylo",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-FCcr02HJ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
56
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 79, 11:",
"text": "Winniczø z Egipta przenosl ies... Pocrila iest gori czma iey",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-C7CdgGAO",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon) shadow"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 4 4 4 4 3 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 2 2 2 2 1 31 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 3 3 3 3 2 22 19 23 2 2 3 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 2 2 2 2 1 28 21 28 1 1 2 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
48
]
],
"ref": "1887 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Ubogi z Brodni, edited by Lucjan Malinowski, Modlitwy Wacława. Zabytek języka polskiego z wieku XV odkryty i skopjowany przez Aleksandra Przezdzieckiego wydał i objaśnił Lucyjan Malinowski, Krakow, Brodnia, page 144b:",
"text": "Swyanti angele boszi, twimy modlitwamy pode czmø skrzidl mylosierdza twego zascziczi mye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow",
"covering (that which covers something)"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-oiTL96sU",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon) shadow",
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, hapax legomenon) covering (that which covers something)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕma/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕma/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ćma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьma",
"4": "",
"5": "myriad",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "myriad",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьma (“myriad”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьma",
"id": "myriad",
"t": "myriad"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma (“myriad”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1437"
},
"expansion": "1437",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1437"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1437",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma (“myriad”). First attested in 1437.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ćma f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 2 2 2 2 1 31 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 3 3 3 3 2 22 19 23 2 2 3 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 2 2 2 2 1 28 21 28 1 1 2 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 87:",
"text": "Czma legio",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1462], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 270:",
"text": "Czem legiones angelorum",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1885-2024 [1463], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 12:",
"text": "Czma legio",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 26:",
"text": "Czma, zastąpy legiones",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 120:",
"text": "Czma anyolow legio",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 120:",
"text": "Czma legio",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
8
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 218:",
"text": "O czmach albo o zastapye zlych duchow, ktore Iesus vyrzvczyl z yednego czlovyeka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
8
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 290:",
"text": "O czmach albo o zastepyech zlych duchow, ktore Iesus vyrzvczyl z yednego czlovyeka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
71,
74
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 291:",
"text": "Jesus rzekł k nim: tako wam mówią? Odpowiedzieli: legio, jakoby rzekł: ćma nasze imię, iże nas jest sześćdziesiąt a sześć tysięcy i sześćset zeszło sie złych duchów",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
121,
125
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 641:",
"text": "Kyedysby yeden anyol czaszv krola Davyda gednego dnya zabyl ossm thyszyączy mazow bronnych, a czos by vczynyla dvanascze czem anyolow?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
],
[
97,
100
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 642:",
"text": "Dwanaście ciem aniołów są siedm tysięcy dziewięćkroć sto dziewięćdziesiąt i dwa anioły, bo każda ćma jest sześć tysięcy sześćset sześćdziesięć i sześć aniołow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"ref": "1463, Wokabularz petersburski VII, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.I.100, page 12:",
"text": "Legio czma",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
87,
91
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 74r:",
"text": "Legio est magna congregatio hominum; Versus: milia sex legio sex centum sex decies sex czma continens in se 6666",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
12,
16
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1500], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume X, Trzemeszno, page 380:",
"text": "Czma legio, czmy legiones",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"great multitude, host; legion"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-kHc40MEe",
"links": [
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"host",
"host"
],
[
"legion",
"legion"
]
],
"qualifier": "Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) great multitude, host; legion"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 2 2 2 2 1 31 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 3 3 3 3 2 22 19 23 2 2 3 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 2 2 2 2 1 28 21 28 1 1 2 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, page 372:",
"text": "Czima minarum mille",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"great multitude, host; legion",
"multitude"
],
"id": "en-ćma-zlw-opl-noun-Xu9B3nnS",
"links": [
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"host",
"host"
],
[
"legion",
"legion"
]
],
"qualifier": "Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) great multitude, host; legion",
"(hapax legomenon) multitude"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕma/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕma/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ćma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ćma barowa"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "zlw-opl>ćma>darkness",
"id": "moth",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nOld Polish ćma\nPolish ćma",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćma",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ćma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ćma",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nOld Polish ćma\nPolish ćma\nInherited from Old Polish ćma. The \"moth\" sense, apparently unattested in Old Polish, appears to be a semantic extension of the \"darkness\" sense, due to moths being nocturnal creatures with generally dark coloration.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ćma f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćma"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "ciem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gąsienica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motyl"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 27 27 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "pl:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 78 4 14 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Moths",
"orig": "pl:Moths",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"moth"
],
"id": "en-ćma-pl-noun-GcPW5PXI",
"links": [
[
"moth",
"moth"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Żywiec Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 27 27 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "pl:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"id": "en-ćma-pl-noun-FCcr02HJ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal, Żywiec) darkness"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
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"_dis": "11 6 6 72 5",
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},
{
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{
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],
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]
},
{
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{
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}
],
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],
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[
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],
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],
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"slang"
]
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],
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},
{
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"ćmy#Polish"
]
],
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}
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"2": "zlw-opl",
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nSilesian ćma\nInherited from Old Polish ćma.",
"head_templates": [
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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},
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}
],
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],
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]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕma/"
},
{
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}
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"Old Polish feminine nouns",
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"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zlw-opl:Afterlife",
"zlw-opl:Atmospheric phenomena",
"zlw-opl:Buildings",
"zlw-opl:Clouds",
"zlw-opl:Light",
"zlw-opl:Prison"
],
"descendants": [
{
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"templates": [
{
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"2": "ćma",
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],
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},
{
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{
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},
"expansion": "Silesian: ćma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
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}
],
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},
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{
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{
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"g": "",
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"g3": "",
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"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьmà (“darkness”)",
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},
{
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
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],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
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24,
29
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],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 36:",
"text": "V yątrz[ey]nyeyschem, w czmye in vigilia matutina",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"(hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
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38,
42
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],
"ref": "1880-1894 [XV p. pr.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page 301:",
"text": "Ingressusque Moyses in medium nebule, czmy, ascendit in montem",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1444], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 307:",
"text": "Czma caligo",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"cloud; fog"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
],
[
"fog",
"fog"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"cloud; fog"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
67
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Is”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 49, 9:",
"text": "Abi rzekl tym, kto[rzy] w iøczstwye sø: winydzcye, gys to we czmach sø: zyaw[cie] syø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
38
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 490:",
"text": "Sługę nieużytecznego wrzucicie vyeczny wnątrzne",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"prison"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"prison"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with collocations",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "darkness of death",
"text": "ćma śmierci",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 81, 5:",
"text": "Ne wedzeli sø ani rozumeli, we czmach chodzø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 111, 4:",
"text": "Weszla gest we czmach swatloscz prawym",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
61
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 238:",
"text": "Światłość przyszła na ten świat, a ludzie miłowali więcej ćmy niż światłości boskie",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
47
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 280:",
"text": "Będzieli serce twoje, które jest w tobie, ćmami, ty istne ćmy tako wielikie będą?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 312:",
"text": "Czosz ya vam movye wy czmye, przepovyedayczye na szvyeczye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 632:",
"text": "Droga grzesznych ćma, a nie widzą, gdzie idą",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
103
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 650:",
"text": "Yze mocz vascha, ktorasczye szye przeczyv svyatlosczy bronno przybraly albo przypravyly, yest ve czmach",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
45
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 87, 6:",
"text": "Poloszili sø mne w iezerze niszszem we czmach y w czemnosci smerczi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 10:",
"text": "Sedzøcz we *czmøch y w czenv smerczy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 14:",
"text": "Wywodl ye ze czmy y z czena smerczy y przekowy gych zlamal",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
53
]
],
"ref": "1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116, Warsaw, page 291:",
"text": "Oszvyeczycz thy, chtorzy w czyemnoszczyach y ve czmye szmyerczy szyedza",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
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"(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia, figuratively) darkness"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
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41,
46
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],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 779:",
"text": "Yze bog vschechmogączy... vymvye s moczy czyem y przylacza kv krolevstw syna myloszyerdzya",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness",
"hell"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness",
"(hapax legomenon) hell"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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72,
78
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],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 10, 2:",
"text": "Grzesznicy... nagotowali sø strzali swoie w tule, iszbichø strzelali we czmach ymaiøcze prawa sercza",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
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],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 17, 13:",
"text": "Poloszil iest czmi szirokoscz swoiø, w okrødze iego stan iego, woda czemna w obloczech powetrznich",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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57,
61
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],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 17, 31:",
"text": "Bo ti osweczasz sweczø moiø, gospodne, bosze moy, oswecy czmy moie",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
51,
55
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 54, 5:",
"text": "Boiazn y drszene prziszly sø na mø y pocrili sø me czmi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
28
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 87, 13:",
"text": "Azali poznani bødø we czmach dziwi twoie?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 90, 6:",
"text": "Ne *bodzesz se bacz... od potrzebyzny chodzøczey we czmach",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 103, 21:",
"text": "Poloszyl yes tczmy y vczynyla sø nocz, w nyey przechodzycz bødø wszelka zwyerzøta lesnaa",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
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],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 104, 27:",
"text": "Posial tczmy y zachmvrzyl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 138, 10:",
"text": "Snadz *czymy podepczø mø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 138, 11:",
"text": "Ysze czmy ne oczeneny bødø ot czebe",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ann 14:",
"text": "Nemylosczywy we czmach zamylknø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 2:",
"text": "Alye szemya bila... proszna a czmi bili na twarzy przepaszczy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
78
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 4:",
"text": "A vszrzal bog szwyatloszcz, ysze gest dobra y roszdzelyl szwyatloszcz ode czmi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 5:",
"text": "Nazwal gestszwyatloszcz dnyem, a czmi noczø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
84
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 18:",
"text": "Uczynyl bog... gwyazdi..., abi... wlodly dnyem y noczø a szwyatlo rozdzelaly se czmø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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56,
60
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 15, 17:",
"text": "A gdisz bilo slunce za gorø zaslo y vczyny szyø mrokowa czma",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 5, 12:",
"text": "Ktora radoscz mnye moze bicz, gen we czmach syedzø, a swyatla nyebyeskego nye wydzø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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127,
131
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[
211,
215
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],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 622:",
"text": "Myedzy ymy bądącz oslyepyl ych oczy, ysch go nye posnaly, a tez ysch ssą yego nye poznaly, nye byla vyna v them, czvsch aby omaczmye s nymy movyl, bo... svycze, pochodnye, latarnye myely, aze ve vschem ogrodzye czmy nye bylo",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) darkness"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
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"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
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"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 79, 11:",
"text": "Winniczø z Egipta przenosl ies... Pocrila iest gori czma iey",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow"
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
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"(attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon) shadow"
],
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},
{
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"Old Polish hapax legomena",
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"ref": "1887 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Ubogi z Brodni, edited by Lucjan Malinowski, Modlitwy Wacława. Zabytek języka polskiego z wieku XV odkryty i skopjowany przez Aleksandra Przezdzieckiego wydał i objaśnił Lucyjan Malinowski, Krakow, Brodnia, page 144b:",
"text": "Swyanti angele boszi, twimy modlitwamy pode czmø skrzidl mylosierdza twego zascziczi mye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow",
"covering (that which covers something)"
],
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[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
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"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, hapax legomenon) covering (that which covers something)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕma/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕma/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ćma"
}
{
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"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zlw-opl:Afterlife",
"zlw-opl:Atmospheric phenomena",
"zlw-opl:Buildings",
"zlw-opl:Clouds",
"zlw-opl:Light",
"zlw-opl:Prison"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
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"2": "trk"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
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"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tьma",
"4": "",
"5": "myriad",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "myriad",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьma (“myriad”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
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"t": "myriad"
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1437"
},
"expansion": "1437",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1437"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1437",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma (“myriad”). First attested in 1437.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ćma f",
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"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 87:",
"text": "Czma legio",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1462], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 270:",
"text": "Czem legiones angelorum",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
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],
"ref": "1885-2024 [1463], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 12:",
"text": "Czma legio",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
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],
"ref": "1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 26:",
"text": "Czma, zastąpy legiones",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 120:",
"text": "Czma anyolow legio",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 120:",
"text": "Czma legio",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
8
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],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 218:",
"text": "O czmach albo o zastapye zlych duchow, ktore Iesus vyrzvczyl z yednego czlovyeka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 290:",
"text": "O czmach albo o zastepyech zlych duchow, ktore Iesus vyrzvczyl z yednego czlovyeka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
71,
74
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],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 291:",
"text": "Jesus rzekł k nim: tako wam mówią? Odpowiedzieli: legio, jakoby rzekł: ćma nasze imię, iże nas jest sześćdziesiąt a sześć tysięcy i sześćset zeszło sie złych duchów",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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121,
125
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],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 641:",
"text": "Kyedysby yeden anyol czaszv krola Davyda gednego dnya zabyl ossm thyszyączy mazow bronnych, a czos by vczynyla dvanascze czem anyolow?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
],
[
97,
100
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 642:",
"text": "Dwanaście ciem aniołów są siedm tysięcy dziewięćkroć sto dziewięćdziesiąt i dwa anioły, bo każda ćma jest sześć tysięcy sześćset sześćdziesięć i sześć aniołow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
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],
"ref": "1463, Wokabularz petersburski VII, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.I.100, page 12:",
"text": "Legio czma",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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87,
91
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 74r:",
"text": "Legio est magna congregatio hominum; Versus: milia sex legio sex centum sex decies sex czma continens in se 6666",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
12,
16
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],
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1500], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume X, Trzemeszno, page 380:",
"text": "Czma legio, czmy legiones",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"great multitude, host; legion"
],
"links": [
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"host",
"host"
],
[
"legion",
"legion"
]
],
"qualifier": "Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) great multitude, host; legion"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, page 372:",
"text": "Czima minarum mille",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"great multitude, host; legion",
"multitude"
],
"links": [
[
"great",
"great"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"host",
"host"
],
[
"legion",
"legion"
]
],
"qualifier": "Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) great multitude, host; legion",
"(hapax legomenon) multitude"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕma/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕma/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ćma"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish adjective forms",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable",
"pl:Collectives",
"pl:Light",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Moths",
"pl:Prostitution"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ćma barowa"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "zlw-opl>ćma>darkness",
"id": "moth",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nOld Polish ćma\nPolish ćma",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ćma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ćma",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nOld Polish ćma\nPolish ćma\nInherited from Old Polish ćma. The \"moth\" sense, apparently unattested in Old Polish, appears to be a semantic extension of the \"darkness\" sense, due to moths being nocturnal creatures with generally dark coloration.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ćma f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćma"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "ciem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gąsienica"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motyl"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"moth"
],
"links": [
[
"moth",
"moth"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with archaic senses",
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal, Żywiec) darkness"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"swarm, crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"swarm",
"swarm"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) swarm, crowd"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish criminal slang",
"pl:Crime"
],
"glosses": [
"prostitute"
],
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(criminal slang) prostitute"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕma/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕma/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "ćma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish adjective forms",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable",
"pl:Collectives",
"pl:Light",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Moths",
"pl:Prostitution"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "ćma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćma"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ćmy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine nominative/vocative singular of ćmy"
],
"links": [
[
"ćmy",
"ćmy#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕma/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕma/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "ćma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "sla-pro>*tьma>darkness",
"id": "darkness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nSilesian ćma",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćma",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ćma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish ćma",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nSilesian ćma\nInherited from Old Polish ćma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ćma f",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ćma"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/a",
"Rhymes:Silesian/a/1 syllable",
"Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian feminine nouns",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian nouns",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian terms with audio pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "ćma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ćma meaning in All languages combined (34.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia, figuratively",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia, figuratively",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''darkness'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Żywiec",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Żywiec",
"path": [
"ćma"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ćma",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.