See 黑暗 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for 黑暗 meaning in 漢語 (7.0kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "嘉萊語詞請求",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "9世紀成書的《酉陽雑俎》中，黑暗 (中古 xok 'omH)是波斯人對犀牛角的稱呼，與白暗 (中古 baek 'omH)（象牙）相對。\nLaufer (1914: 145)和Laufer (1967: 473)指出，這兩個名字不可能是來自波斯，而是來自馬來亞，並表示這兩個詞與“犀牛角/犀牛”、“象牙/大象”在詞源上都沒有關聯，而是來自當時馬來亞商人用於區分犀牛角和象牙的用詞，音變自表示“黑色”和“白色”的詞。\nLaufer 將前者與嘉萊語 [具體何詞?] (hötam)、宿霧語 itom、馬來語 hitam、爪哇語 item、他加祿語 itim對比（均為南島語系中表示“黑色”的詞）。後者與占語 bauṅ、boṅ / bhuṅ；瑟諾伊語 biūg、馬六甲的塞芒語詞 biok、biäk、biēg、begiäk、bekuṅ、bekog；Alfur、布拉萬語、Kon tu、Kaseng、Lave、Niah語 bok、色當語 röboṅ、斯丁語 bōk（“白色”）；巴拿語 bak（孟語 bu）對比（大部分均為孟-高棉語族中表示“白色”的詞；參見*kɓɔɔk、*kbooʔ）。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "黑黯"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有引文的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"繁體"
],
"ref": "新標點和合本，約翰福音 1:5",
"roman": "Guāng zhào zài hēi'àn lǐ, hēi'àn què bù jiēshòu guāng.",
"text": "光照在黑暗裏，黑暗卻不接受光。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"簡體"
],
"ref": "新標點和合本，約翰福音 1:5",
"roman": "Guāng zhào zài hēi'àn lǐ, hēi'àn què bù jiēshòu guāng.",
"text": "光照在黑暗里，黑暗却不接受光。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"繁體"
],
"roman": "Tāmen bèi rén qūgǎn jìnrù yī ge hēi'àn de dìláo.",
"text": "他們被人驅趕進入一個黑暗的地牢。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"簡體"
],
"roman": "Tāmen bèi rén qūgǎn jìnrù yī ge hēi'àn de dìláo.",
"text": "他们被人驱赶进入一个黑暗的地牢。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"不光明的"
],
"id": "zh-黑暗-zh-adj-onUmem7-"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"roman": "yīge hēi'àn de shìjiè",
"tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"text": "一個黑暗的世界"
},
{
"roman": "yīge hēi'àn de shìjiè",
"tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"text": "一个黑暗的世界"
}
],
"glosses": [
"邪惡；墮落；污穢，骯髒"
],
"id": "zh-黑暗-zh-adj-e98KFJOu",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi'àn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"注音"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄏㄟ ㄢˋ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "hak¹ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣，白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "het-am"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話，潮州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hêg⁴ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話，維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "he⁶ ngan⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi'àn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"注音"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄏㄟ ㄢˋ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"通用拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hei-àn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"威妥瑪拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹-an⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"耶魯官話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi-àn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"國語羅馬字"
],
"zh_pron": "heiann"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"西里爾字母轉寫"
],
"zh_pron": "хэйань (xɛjanʹ)"
},
{
"ipa": "/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀän⁵¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"漢語國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "hak¹ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"耶魯粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "hāk am"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"廣州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hak⁷ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"廣東拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "heg¹ em³"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɐk̚⁵ ɐm³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "het-am"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hed` am"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hed⁵ am⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/het̚² am⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"潮州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hêg⁴ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"模仿白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "hek àm"
},
{
"ipa": "/hek̚²⁻⁴ am²¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "he⁶ ngan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"中古漢語"
],
"zh_pron": "xok 'omH"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"language_variant": "zh-Hant",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南"
],
"word": "烏暗"
},
{
"language_variant": "zh-Hans",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南"
],
"word": "乌暗"
}
],
"word": "黑暗"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "9世紀成書的《酉陽雑俎》中，黑暗 (中古 xok 'omH)是波斯人對犀牛角的稱呼，與白暗 (中古 baek 'omH)（象牙）相對。\nLaufer (1914: 145)和Laufer (1967: 473)指出，這兩個名字不可能是來自波斯，而是來自馬來亞，並表示這兩個詞與“犀牛角/犀牛”、“象牙/大象”在詞源上都沒有關聯，而是來自當時馬來亞商人用於區分犀牛角和象牙的用詞，音變自表示“黑色”和“白色”的詞。\nLaufer 將前者與嘉萊語 [具體何詞?] (hötam)、宿霧語 itom、馬來語 hitam、爪哇語 item、他加祿語 itim對比（均為南島語系中表示“黑色”的詞）。後者與占語 bauṅ、boṅ / bhuṅ；瑟諾伊語 biūg、馬六甲的塞芒語詞 biok、biäk、biēg、begiäk、bekuṅ、bekog；Alfur、布拉萬語、Kon tu、Kaseng、Lave、Niah語 bok、色當語 röboṅ、斯丁語 bōk（“白色”）；巴拿語 bak（孟語 bu）對比（大部分均為孟-高棉語族中表示“白色”的詞；參見*kɓɔɔk、*kbooʔ）。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "黑黯"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"犀牛角"
],
"id": "zh-黑暗-zh-noun-6iGzKloR",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "黑暗"
}
{
"categories": [
"嘉萊語詞請求",
"漢語形容詞",
"漢語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "9世紀成書的《酉陽雑俎》中，黑暗 (中古 xok 'omH)是波斯人對犀牛角的稱呼，與白暗 (中古 baek 'omH)（象牙）相對。\nLaufer (1914: 145)和Laufer (1967: 473)指出，這兩個名字不可能是來自波斯，而是來自馬來亞，並表示這兩個詞與“犀牛角/犀牛”、“象牙/大象”在詞源上都沒有關聯，而是來自當時馬來亞商人用於區分犀牛角和象牙的用詞，音變自表示“黑色”和“白色”的詞。\nLaufer 將前者與嘉萊語 [具體何詞?] (hötam)、宿霧語 itom、馬來語 hitam、爪哇語 item、他加祿語 itim對比（均為南島語系中表示“黑色”的詞）。後者與占語 bauṅ、boṅ / bhuṅ；瑟諾伊語 biūg、馬六甲的塞芒語詞 biok、biäk、biēg、begiäk、bekuṅ、bekog；Alfur、布拉萬語、Kon tu、Kaseng、Lave、Niah語 bok、色當語 röboṅ、斯丁語 bōk（“白色”）；巴拿語 bak（孟語 bu）對比（大部分均為孟-高棉語族中表示“白色”的詞；參見*kɓɔɔk、*kbooʔ）。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "黑黯"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的官話詞",
"有引文的官話詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"繁體"
],
"ref": "新標點和合本，約翰福音 1:5",
"roman": "Guāng zhào zài hēi'àn lǐ, hēi'àn què bù jiēshòu guāng.",
"text": "光照在黑暗裏，黑暗卻不接受光。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"簡體"
],
"ref": "新標點和合本，約翰福音 1:5",
"roman": "Guāng zhào zài hēi'àn lǐ, hēi'àn què bù jiēshòu guāng.",
"text": "光照在黑暗里，黑暗却不接受光。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"繁體"
],
"roman": "Tāmen bèi rén qūgǎn jìnrù yī ge hēi'àn de dìláo.",
"text": "他們被人驅趕進入一個黑暗的地牢。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"簡體"
],
"roman": "Tāmen bèi rén qūgǎn jìnrù yī ge hēi'àn de dìláo.",
"text": "他们被人驱赶进入一个黑暗的地牢。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"不光明的"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的官話詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"roman": "yīge hēi'àn de shìjiè",
"tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"text": "一個黑暗的世界"
},
{
"roman": "yīge hēi'àn de shìjiè",
"tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"text": "一个黑暗的世界"
}
],
"glosses": [
"邪惡；墮落；污穢，骯髒"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi'àn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"注音"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄏㄟ ㄢˋ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "hak¹ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣，白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "het-am"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話，潮州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hêg⁴ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話，維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "he⁶ ngan⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi'àn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"注音"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄏㄟ ㄢˋ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"通用拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hei-àn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"威妥瑪拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hei¹-an⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"耶魯官話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hēi-àn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"國語羅馬字"
],
"zh_pron": "heiann"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"西里爾字母轉寫"
],
"zh_pron": "хэйань (xɛjanʹ)"
},
{
"ipa": "/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀän⁵¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"漢語國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "hak¹ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"耶魯粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "hāk am"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"廣州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hak⁷ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"廣東拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "heg¹ em³"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɐk̚⁵ ɐm³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "het-am"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hed` am"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hed⁵ am⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/het̚² am⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"潮州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "hêg⁴ am³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"模仿白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "hek àm"
},
{
"ipa": "/hek̚²⁻⁴ am²¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "he⁶ ngan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"中古漢語"
],
"zh_pron": "xok 'omH"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"language_variant": "zh-Hant",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南"
],
"word": "烏暗"
},
{
"language_variant": "zh-Hans",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南"
],
"word": "乌暗"
}
],
"word": "黑暗"
}
{
"categories": [
"漢語名詞",
"漢語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "9世紀成書的《酉陽雑俎》中，黑暗 (中古 xok 'omH)是波斯人對犀牛角的稱呼，與白暗 (中古 baek 'omH)（象牙）相對。\nLaufer (1914: 145)和Laufer (1967: 473)指出，這兩個名字不可能是來自波斯，而是來自馬來亞，並表示這兩個詞與“犀牛角/犀牛”、“象牙/大象”在詞源上都沒有關聯，而是來自當時馬來亞商人用於區分犀牛角和象牙的用詞，音變自表示“黑色”和“白色”的詞。\nLaufer 將前者與嘉萊語 [具體何詞?] (hötam)、宿霧語 itom、馬來語 hitam、爪哇語 item、他加祿語 itim對比（均為南島語系中表示“黑色”的詞）。後者與占語 bauṅ、boṅ / bhuṅ；瑟諾伊語 biūg、馬六甲的塞芒語詞 biok、biäk、biēg、begiäk、bekuṅ、bekog；Alfur、布拉萬語、Kon tu、Kaseng、Lave、Niah語 bok、色當語 röboṅ、斯丁語 bōk（“白色”）；巴拿語 bak（孟語 bu）對比（大部分均為孟-高棉語族中表示“白色”的詞；參見*kɓɔɔk、*kbooʔ）。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "黑黯"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"犀牛角"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "黑暗"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.