"上層建築" meaning in 漢語

See 上層建築 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Mainland-China, Sinological-IPA], /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /sœːŋ²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹ kiːn³³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/ [Cantonese, IPA], /si̯ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴⁻²² ki̯ɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɔk̚³²/ [Southern Min] Forms: 上层建筑 [Simplified-Chinese]
  1. 社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想 Tags: Marxism
    Sense id: zh-上層建築-zh-noun-AOEyGLrn Categories (other): 有引文的官話詞, 漢語 馬克思主義
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations (社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想): վերնաշենք (亞美尼亞語), superestruktura (他加祿語), надстро́йка [feminine] (俄語), superestructura [feminine] (加泰羅尼亞語), felépítmény (匈牙利語), suprastruktur (印尼語), üstyapı (土耳其語), উপরিকাঠামো (孟加拉語), gainegitura (巴斯克語), Überbau [masculine] (德語), pealisehitus (愛沙尼亞語), superstructura (拉丁語), nadstavba [feminine] (捷克語), nadstavba [feminine] (斯洛伐克語), ਉਸਾਰ (旁遮普語), 上部構造 (日語), 상부구조(上部構造) (朝鮮語), superstructure [feminine] (法語), روبنا (波斯語), nadbudowa [feminine] (波蘭語), överbyggnad [common] (瑞典語), ylärakenne (芬蘭語), superstructure (英語), superestrutura [feminine] (葡萄牙語), superestructura [feminine] (西班牙語), kiến trúc thượng tầng (越南語), üstqurum (阿塞拜疆語), надградба [feminine] (馬其頓語)
Categories (other): 官話名詞, 官話詞元, 帶「上」的漢語詞, 帶「層」的漢語詞, 帶「建」的漢語詞, 帶「築」的漢語詞, 有1個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有多個讀音的官話詞, 有詞條的頁面, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語名詞, 漢語詞元, 粵語名詞, 粵語詞元
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「上」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「層」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「建」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「築」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有多個讀音的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "上层建筑",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有引文的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語 馬克思主義",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              39,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "毛澤東，1957年，《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》，《毛澤東選集》",
          "roman": "Mǎkèsī zhǔyì gàosu wǒmen, mínzhǔ shǔyú shàngcéng jiànzhù, shǔyú zhèngzhì zhège fànchóu. Zhè jiù shì shuō, guīgēnjiédì, tā shì wèi jīngjì jīchǔ fúwù de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "馬克思主義告訴我們，民主屬於上層建築，屬於政治這個範疇。這就是說，歸根結蒂，它是為經濟基礎服務的。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              39,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "毛澤東，1957年，《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》，《毛澤東選集》",
          "roman": "Mǎkèsī zhǔyì gàosu wǒmen, mínzhǔ shǔyú shàngcéng jiànzhù, shǔyú zhèngzhì zhège fànchóu. Zhè jiù shì shuō, guīgēnjiédì, tā shì wèi jīngjì jīchǔ fúwù de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "马克思主义告诉我们，民主属于上层建筑，属于政治这个范畴。这就是说，归根结蒂，它是为经济基础服务的。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想"
      ],
      "id": "zh-上層建築-zh-noun-AOEyGLrn",
      "tags": [
        "Marxism"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànzhù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànzhú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "soeng⁶ cang⁴ gin³ zuk¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "siōng-chân kiàn-tiok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànzhù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànjhù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shang⁴-tsʻêng² chien⁴-chu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàng-tséng jyàn-jù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shanqtserng jiannjuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "шанцэн цзяньчжу (šancɛn czjanʹčžu)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànzhú"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànjhú"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shang⁴-tsʻêng² chien⁴-chu²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàng-tséng jyàn-jú"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shanqtserng jiannjwu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "шанцэн цзяньчжу (šancɛn czjanʹčžu)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "soeng⁶ cang⁴ gin³ zuk¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "seuhng chàhng gin jūk"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "soeng⁶ tsang⁴ gin³ dzuk⁷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "sêng⁶ ceng⁴ gin³ zug¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sœːŋ²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹ kiːn³³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "廈門",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "siōng-chân kiàn-tiok"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "廈門",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "siōng-tsân kiàn-tiok"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "廈門",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "sioxngzaan kierndiog"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/si̯ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴⁻²² ki̯ɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɔk̚³²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "廈門",
        "國際音標 (廈門)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "亞美尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "վերնաշենք"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿塞拜疆語",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "üstqurum"
    },
    {
      "lang": "巴斯克語",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "gainegitura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "孟加拉語",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "উপরিকাঠামো"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "superestructura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nadstavba"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "superstructure"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛沙尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "pealisehitus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "ylärakenne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "superstructure"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Überbau"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "felépítmény"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印尼語",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "suprastruktur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "上部構造"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "상부구조(上部構造)"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉丁語",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "superstructura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "надградба"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "روبنا"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nadbudowa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "superestrutura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "旁遮普語",
      "lang_code": "pa",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "ਉਸਾਰ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "надстро́йка"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nadstavba"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "superestructura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "överbyggnad"
    },
    {
      "lang": "他加祿語",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "superestruktura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "üstyapı"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "kiến trúc thượng tầng"
    }
  ],
  "word": "上層建築"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "官話名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「上」的漢語詞",
    "帶「層」的漢語詞",
    "帶「建」的漢語詞",
    "帶「築」的漢語詞",
    "有1個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有多個讀音的官話詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "上层建筑",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "有引文的官話詞",
        "漢語 馬克思主義"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              39,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "毛澤東，1957年，《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》，《毛澤東選集》",
          "roman": "Mǎkèsī zhǔyì gàosu wǒmen, mínzhǔ shǔyú shàngcéng jiànzhù, shǔyú zhèngzhì zhège fànchóu. Zhè jiù shì shuō, guīgēnjiédì, tā shì wèi jīngjì jīchǔ fúwù de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "馬克思主義告訴我們，民主屬於上層建築，屬於政治這個範疇。這就是說，歸根結蒂，它是為經濟基礎服務的。"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              39,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "毛澤東，1957年，《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》，《毛澤東選集》",
          "roman": "Mǎkèsī zhǔyì gàosu wǒmen, mínzhǔ shǔyú shàngcéng jiànzhù, shǔyú zhèngzhì zhège fànchóu. Zhè jiù shì shuō, guīgēnjiédì, tā shì wèi jīngjì jīchǔ fúwù de.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Standard Chinese",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "马克思主义告诉我们，民主属于上层建筑，属于政治这个范畴。这就是说，归根结蒂，它是为经济基础服务的。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Marxism"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànzhù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànzhú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "soeng⁶ cang⁴ gin³ zuk¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "siōng-chân kiàn-tiok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànzhù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànjhù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shang⁴-tsʻêng² chien⁴-chu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàng-tséng jyàn-jù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shanqtserng jiannjuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "шанцэн цзяньчжу (šancɛn czjanʹčžu)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànzhú"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàngcéng jiànjhú"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shang⁴-tsʻêng² chien⁴-chu²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shàng-tséng jyàn-jú"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "shanqtserng jiannjwu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "шанцэн цзяньчжу (šancɛn czjanʹčžu)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "soeng⁶ cang⁴ gin³ zuk¹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "seuhng chàhng gin jūk"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "soeng⁶ tsang⁴ gin³ dzuk⁷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "sêng⁶ ceng⁴ gin³ zug¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sœːŋ²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹ kiːn³³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "廈門",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "siōng-chân kiàn-tiok"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "廈門",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "siōng-tsân kiàn-tiok"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "廈門",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "sioxngzaan kierndiog"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/si̯ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴⁻²² ki̯ɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɔk̚³²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "廈門",
        "國際音標 (廈門)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "亞美尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "վերնաշենք"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿塞拜疆語",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "üstqurum"
    },
    {
      "lang": "巴斯克語",
      "lang_code": "eu",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "gainegitura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "孟加拉語",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "উপরিকাঠামো"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "superestructura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nadstavba"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "superstructure"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛沙尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "pealisehitus"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "ylärakenne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "superstructure"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Überbau"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "felépítmény"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印尼語",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "suprastruktur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "上部構造"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "상부구조(上部構造)"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉丁語",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "superstructura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "надградба"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "روبنا"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nadbudowa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "superestrutura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "旁遮普語",
      "lang_code": "pa",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "ਉਸਾਰ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "надстро́йка"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nadstavba"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "superestructura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "överbyggnad"
    },
    {
      "lang": "他加祿語",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "superestruktura"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "üstyapı"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "社會中與生產沒有直接關係的其他關係和思想",
      "word": "kiến trúc thượng tầng"
    }
  ],
  "word": "上層建築"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 上層建築 meaning in 漢語 (9.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "上層建築"
  ],
  "section": "漢語",
  "subsection": "名詞",
  "title": "上層建築",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-31 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-20 using wiktextract (ed078bd and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.