See chmara on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"prasł. *chmara → ciemna chmura"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "chmary",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarze",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarę",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarą",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarze",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmaro",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmary",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmar",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarom",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmary",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarami",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarach",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmary",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "rojowisko"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "stado"
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "nieprzeliczona"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "wielka chmara"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "chmara komarów"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "much"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "chmara danieli"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "jeleni"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "łosi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Pod gałęzią wisiała w powietrzu chmara maleńkich muszek."
}
],
"glosses": [
"nagromadzenie latających owadów, rzadziej ptaków"
],
"id": "pl-chmara-pl-noun-Y3KY4-i5",
"sense_index": "1.1"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Tytus Karpowicz, Władca Doliny Morskiego Oka, Lublin 1988, s. 29.",
"text": "Jelenia chmara pomknęła w głąb regla jak błyskawica"
},
{
"text": "Widuje się tutaj chmary danieli gaszące pragnienie o poranku."
}
],
"glosses": [
"stado jeleni, łosi, danieli lub żubrów"
],
"id": "pl-chmara-pl-noun-5vEw2crC",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"topics": [
"hunting"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"duża liczba kogoś lub czegoś"
],
"id": "pl-chmara-pl-noun-VypXkWVo",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"metaphoric"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Każde ruszenie jakiegoś rupiecia na strychu, wzbija chmary kurzu."
}
],
"glosses": [
"chmura, tuman"
],
"id": "pl-chmara-pl-noun-DyHBb3Uy",
"sense_index": "1.4",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "ˈxmara"
},
{
"ipa": "χmara",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "hurma"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "rój"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "mnóstwo"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "tłum"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "swarm"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хмара"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nube"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bandada"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "multitud"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enjambre"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwarm"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "rìj",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рій"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "zgraâ",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зграя"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuovolo"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stormo"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sciame"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "процьма"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мноства"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "безліч"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "multitud"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "muchedumbre"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "turba"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moltitudine"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuvolo"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "manada"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rebaño"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.4",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nube"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.4",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "multitud"
}
],
"word": "chmara"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"prasł. *chmara → ciemna chmura"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "chmary",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarze",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarę",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarą",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarze",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmaro",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chmary",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmar",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarom",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmary",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarami",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmarach",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chmary",
"sense_index": "1.1-4",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "rojowisko"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "stado"
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "nieprzeliczona"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "wielka chmara"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "chmara komarów"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "much"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "chmara danieli"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "jeleni"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "łosi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Pod gałęzią wisiała w powietrzu chmara maleńkich muszek."
}
],
"glosses": [
"nagromadzenie latających owadów, rzadziej ptaków"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Tytus Karpowicz, Władca Doliny Morskiego Oka, Lublin 1988, s. 29.",
"text": "Jelenia chmara pomknęła w głąb regla jak błyskawica"
},
{
"text": "Widuje się tutaj chmary danieli gaszące pragnienie o poranku."
}
],
"glosses": [
"stado jeleni, łosi, danieli lub żubrów"
],
"sense_index": "1.2",
"topics": [
"hunting"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"duża liczba kogoś lub czegoś"
],
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"metaphoric"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Każde ruszenie jakiegoś rupiecia na strychu, wzbija chmary kurzu."
}
],
"glosses": [
"chmura, tuman"
],
"sense_index": "1.4",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "ˈxmara"
},
{
"ipa": "χmara",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-chmara.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "hurma"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "rój"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "mnóstwo"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "tłum"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "swarm"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хмара"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nube"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bandada"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "multitud"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enjambre"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwarm"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "rìj",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рій"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "zgraâ",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зграя"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuovolo"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stormo"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sciame"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "процьма"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мноства"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "безліч"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "multitud"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "muchedumbre"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "turba"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moltitudine"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuvolo"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "manada"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rebaño"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.4",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nube"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.4",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "multitud"
}
],
"word": "chmara"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chmara meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-20 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.