See ruw on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bijvoeglijk naamwoord in het Nederlands",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ontbrekend geluid",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Retrograad van het Nederlands",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "WikiWoordenboek:Wikilink",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Woorden in het Nederlands",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Woorden in het Nederlands met audioweergave",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Woorden in het Nederlands van lengte 3",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruwaard"
},
{
"word": "ruwbouw"
},
{
"word": "ruwelijks"
},
{
"word": "ruwen"
},
{
"word": "ruwglas"
},
{
"word": "ruwharig"
},
{
"word": "ruwheid"
},
{
"word": "ruwig"
},
{
"word": "ruwijzer"
},
{
"word": "ruwkruid"
},
{
"word": "ruwkwal"
},
{
"word": "ruwnat"
},
{
"word": "ruwsap"
},
{
"word": "ruwstaal"
},
{
"word": "ruwsteen"
},
{
"word": "ruwstof"
},
{
"word": "ruwstoken"
},
{
"word": "ruwstoker"
},
{
"word": "ruwvezel"
},
{
"word": "ruwvoer"
},
{
"word": "ruwweg"
},
{
"word": "ruwwerk"
},
{
"word": "ruwwerker"
},
{
"word": "ruwzink"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"In de betekenis van ‘ruig’ voor het eerst aangetroffen in 1199"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruwer",
"tags": [
"uninflected",
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwst",
"tags": [
"uninflected",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwe",
"tags": [
"inflected",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwere",
"tags": [
"inflected",
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwste",
"tags": [
"inflected",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruws",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwers",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"comparative"
]
}
],
"hyphenation": "ruw",
"lang": "Nederlands",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "Bijvoeglijk naamwoord",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "bobbelig"
},
{
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "bultig"
},
{
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "grof"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "oneffen"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "rul"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "schraal"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "onbehouwen"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "onbeschaafd"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "onbesuisd"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "ongemanierd"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Een ruw oppervlak veroorzaakt veel wrijving."
}
],
"glosses": [
"oneffen, niet glad"
],
"id": "nl-ruw-nl-adj-DK7G6mgO"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Die ruwe kerel gaf hem een pak rammel."
}
],
"glosses": [
"grof [3], lomp [1]"
],
"id": "nl-ruw-nl-adj-np2JJvaW"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Een ruwe schatting."
}
],
"glosses": [
"niet nauwkeurig, grof [5]"
],
"id": "nl-ruw-nl-adj-xNUHpylG"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "nl-ruw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg/Nl-ruw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/nl-ruw.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Duits",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "rau"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "coarse"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "rough"
},
{
"lang": "Frans",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "rugueux"
},
{
"lang": "Frans",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "brut"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "rugoso"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"lang": "Tsjechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"lang": "Duits",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "rau"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "brute"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "crude"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "harsh"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "rough"
},
{
"lang": "Frans",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "grossier"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "rudo"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "grosero"
},
{
"lang": "Tsjechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "hrubý"
}
],
"word": "ruw"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "1ps",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ontbrekend geluid",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Retrograad van het Nederlands",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Werkwoordsvorm in het Nederlands",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Woorden in het Nederlands",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Woorden in het Nederlands met audioweergave",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Woorden in het Nederlands van lengte 3",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"In de betekenis van ‘ruig’ voor het eerst aangetroffen in 1199"
],
"hyphenation": "ruw",
"lang": "Nederlands",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "Werkwoord",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ik ruw."
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eerste persoon enkelvoud tegenwoordige tijd van ruwen"
],
"id": "nl-ruw-nl-verb-uCg9~MAU",
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ruw!"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gebiedende wijs van ruwen"
],
"id": "nl-ruw-nl-verb-JOZKDrLK",
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ruw je?"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tweede persoon enkelvoud tegenwoordige tijd van ruwen"
],
"id": "nl-ruw-nl-verb-rKe6IdVp",
"tags": [
"form-of",
"inversion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "nl-ruw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg/Nl-ruw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/nl-ruw.ogg"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
],
"word": "ruw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bijvoeglijk naamwoord in het Nederlands",
"Ontbrekend geluid",
"Retrograad van het Nederlands",
"WikiWoordenboek:Wikilink",
"Woorden in het Nederlands",
"Woorden in het Nederlands met audioweergave",
"Woorden in het Nederlands van lengte 3"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruwaard"
},
{
"word": "ruwbouw"
},
{
"word": "ruwelijks"
},
{
"word": "ruwen"
},
{
"word": "ruwglas"
},
{
"word": "ruwharig"
},
{
"word": "ruwheid"
},
{
"word": "ruwig"
},
{
"word": "ruwijzer"
},
{
"word": "ruwkruid"
},
{
"word": "ruwkwal"
},
{
"word": "ruwnat"
},
{
"word": "ruwsap"
},
{
"word": "ruwstaal"
},
{
"word": "ruwsteen"
},
{
"word": "ruwstof"
},
{
"word": "ruwstoken"
},
{
"word": "ruwstoker"
},
{
"word": "ruwvezel"
},
{
"word": "ruwvoer"
},
{
"word": "ruwweg"
},
{
"word": "ruwwerk"
},
{
"word": "ruwwerker"
},
{
"word": "ruwzink"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"In de betekenis van ‘ruig’ voor het eerst aangetroffen in 1199"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruwer",
"tags": [
"uninflected",
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwst",
"tags": [
"uninflected",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwe",
"tags": [
"inflected",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwere",
"tags": [
"inflected",
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwste",
"tags": [
"inflected",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruws",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwers",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"comparative"
]
}
],
"hyphenation": "ruw",
"lang": "Nederlands",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "Bijvoeglijk naamwoord",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "bobbelig"
},
{
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "bultig"
},
{
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "grof"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "oneffen"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "rul"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "schraal"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "onbehouwen"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "onbeschaafd"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "onbesuisd"
},
{
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "ongemanierd"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Een ruw oppervlak veroorzaakt veel wrijving."
}
],
"glosses": [
"oneffen, niet glad"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Die ruwe kerel gaf hem een pak rammel."
}
],
"glosses": [
"grof [3], lomp [1]"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Een ruwe schatting."
}
],
"glosses": [
"niet nauwkeurig, grof [5]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "nl-ruw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg/Nl-ruw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/nl-ruw.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Duits",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "rau"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "coarse"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "rough"
},
{
"lang": "Frans",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "rugueux"
},
{
"lang": "Frans",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "brut"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "rugoso"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"lang": "Tsjechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "oneffen, niet glad",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"lang": "Duits",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "rau"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "brute"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "crude"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "harsh"
},
{
"lang": "Engels",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "rough"
},
{
"lang": "Frans",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "grossier"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "rudo"
},
{
"lang": "Spaans",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "grosero"
},
{
"lang": "Tsjechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "grof, onbesuisd",
"sense_index": 2,
"word": "hrubý"
}
],
"word": "ruw"
}
{
"categories": [
"1ps",
"Ontbrekend geluid",
"Retrograad van het Nederlands",
"Werkwoordsvorm in het Nederlands",
"Woorden in het Nederlands",
"Woorden in het Nederlands met audioweergave",
"Woorden in het Nederlands van lengte 3"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"In de betekenis van ‘ruig’ voor het eerst aangetroffen in 1199"
],
"hyphenation": "ruw",
"lang": "Nederlands",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "Werkwoord",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ik ruw."
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eerste persoon enkelvoud tegenwoordige tijd van ruwen"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ruw!"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gebiedende wijs van ruwen"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ruw je?"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tweede persoon enkelvoud tegenwoordige tijd van ruwen"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"inversion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "nl-ruw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-ruw.ogg/Nl-ruw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/nl-ruw.ogg"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
],
"word": "ruw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruw meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the nlwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.