See espinar on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Palabras agudas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Palabras trisílabas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Rimas:aɾ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Verbos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Verbos transitivos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Español",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Español-Francés",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sufijo",
"2": "espina",
"3": "ar",
"num2": "1"
},
"expansion": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁",
"name": "etimología"
}
],
"etymology_text": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁.",
"extra_sounds": {
"acentuación": "aguda",
"longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
},
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinar",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"simple"
]
},
{
"form": "haber espinado",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"compound"
]
},
{
"form": "espinando",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"simple"
]
},
{
"form": "habiendo espinado",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"compound"
]
},
{
"form": "espinado",
"tags": [
"participle",
"simple"
]
},
{
"form": "espino",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinas^(tú)",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinásᵛᵒˢ",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espina",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinamos",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináis",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinan",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaba",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinabas",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaba",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinábamos",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinabais",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaban",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiné",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaste",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinó",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinamos",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinasteis",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaron",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaré",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarás",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinará",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaremos",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaréis",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarán",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaría",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarías",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaría",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaríamos",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaríais",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarían",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "he espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "has espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ha espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hemos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habéis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "han espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "había espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habías espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "había espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habíamos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habíais espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habían espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hube espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiste espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubo espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubimos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubisteis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieron espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habré espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrás espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrá espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habremos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habréis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrán espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habría espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrías espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habría espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habríamos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habríais espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrían espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espines^(tú)",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": " espinésᵛᵒˢ²",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinéis",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinara",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaras",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinara",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináramos",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarais",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaran",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinare",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinares",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinare",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináremos",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinareis",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaren",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haya espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayas^(tú) espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayásᵛᵒˢ² espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haya espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayamos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayáis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayan espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiera espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieras espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiera espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiéramos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubierais espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieran espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiere espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieres espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiere espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiéremos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiereis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieren espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espina^(tú)",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináᵛᵒˢ",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinad",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Se emplea el presente del modo subjuntivo",
"tags": [
"negative",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"hyphenation": "es-pi-nar",
"lang": "Español",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "verbo transitivo",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Herir o punzar con algo puntiagudo."
],
"id": "es-espinar-es-verb-kf~jNr3t",
"raw_tags": [
"utci"
],
"sense_index": "1"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Cubrir con zarzas u otras plantas espinosas el tallo de árboles recién plantados, para protegerlos."
],
"id": "es-espinar-es-verb-AKHSJ1jq",
"sense_index": "2"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Ofender a alguien de palabra, con expresiones hirientes."
],
"id": "es-espinar-es-verb-1VK4cjui",
"sense_index": "3",
"tags": [
"pronominal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Milicia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dicho de un grupo o escuadrón militar, hacer una formación de tal modo que presentaban al enemigo lanzas o espadas por todos los flancos; conformar un espín."
],
"id": "es-espinar-es-verb-sRSlb34G",
"sense_index": "4",
"topics": [
"military"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "aɾ"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Francés",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "épinier"
}
],
"word": "espinar"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Palabras agudas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Palabras trisílabas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Rimas:aɾ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Sustantivos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ES:Sustantivos masculinos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Español",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Español-Francés",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sufijo",
"2": "espina",
"3": "ar",
"num2": "1"
},
"expansion": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁",
"name": "etimología"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sufijo",
"2": "espino",
"3": "ar",
"num2": "2"
},
"expansion": "De espino y el sufijo -ar₂",
"name": "etimología"
}
],
"etymology_text": "De espino y el sufijo -ar₂.",
"extra_sounds": {
"acentuación": "aguda",
"longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
},
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinar",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"hyphenation": "es-pi-nar",
"lang": "Español",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "sustantivo masculino",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "zarzal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Paraje poblado de espinos o donde abundan."
],
"id": "es-espinar-es-noun-GCIZS-~N",
"sense_index": "1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "aɾ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "espinal"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "senticar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Francés",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "épinier"
}
],
"word": "espinar"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "FRM:Palabras sin transcripción fonética",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "FRM:Sustantivos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "FRM:Sustantivos masculinos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Francés medio",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "espinar",
"leng": "frm"
},
"expansion": "Del francés antiguo espinar",
"name": "etimología"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Del francés antiguo espinar, y esta de origen incierto. Muchos autores antiguos lo remontaban al latín spina, \"espina\", del protoindoeuropeo *(s)phē̆i-, pero la etimología no resiste el análisis histórico. Otra versión la daba por alteración del latín Hispanica, fundándose en el nombre alternativo de herbe d'Espaigne, pero las dificultades fonológicas son considerables. La teoría más extendida lo deriva del provenzal antiguo espinarc, del catalán espinac, a su vez del árabe andalusí isbináẖ, y este del clásico اسفاناخ (isfānākh), del persa اسپناخ (ispanākh)",
"extra_sounds": {
"pronunciación": "falta agregar"
},
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinar",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Francés medio",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "sustantivo masculino",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "FRM:Plantas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"example_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Au croissant de la lune du mois d'Aoust ou de Septembre, est le bon semer des espinars, pour en manger durant l'hyver et le printemps.",
"autor": "Olivier de Serres",
"c": "libro",
"capítulo": "Sixiesme lieu, Chapitre V",
"edición": "1996",
"editorial": "Actes Sud",
"f": "1600",
"isbn": "2742709525",
"páginas": "754",
"título": "Le Théâtre d'agriculture et mesnage des champs",
"ubicación": "París"
},
"expansion": ":*Ejemplo: Au croissant de la lune du mois d'Aoust ou de Septembre, est le bon semer des espinars, pour en manger durant l'hyver et le printemps.Olivier de Serres. Le Théâtre d'agriculture et mesnage des champs. Capítulo Sixiesme lieu, Chapitre V. Página 754. Editorial: Actes Sud. 1996.ª ed, París, 1600. ISBN: 2742709525.",
"name": "ejemplo"
}
],
"ref": "Olivier de Serres. Le Théâtre d'agriculture et mesnage des champs. Capítulo Sixiesme lieu, Chapitre V. Página 754. Editorial: Actes Sud. 1996.ª ed, París, 1600. ISBN: 2742709525.",
"text": "Au croissant de la lune du mois d'Aoust ou de Septembre, est le bon semer des espinars, pour en manger durant l'hyver et le printemps."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(Spinacia oleracea) Espinaca."
],
"id": "es-espinar-frm-noun-SbQYuUH-",
"raw_tags": [
"Plantas"
],
"sense_index": "1"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "espinache"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "espinage"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "espinoche"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espinar"
}
{
"categories": [
"ES:Palabras agudas",
"ES:Palabras trisílabas",
"ES:Rimas:aɾ",
"ES:Verbos",
"ES:Verbos transitivos",
"Español",
"Español-Francés"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sufijo",
"2": "espina",
"3": "ar",
"num2": "1"
},
"expansion": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁",
"name": "etimología"
}
],
"etymology_text": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁.",
"extra_sounds": {
"acentuación": "aguda",
"longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
},
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinar",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"simple"
]
},
{
"form": "haber espinado",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"compound"
]
},
{
"form": "espinando",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"simple"
]
},
{
"form": "habiendo espinado",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"compound"
]
},
{
"form": "espinado",
"tags": [
"participle",
"simple"
]
},
{
"form": "espino",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinas^(tú)",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinásᵛᵒˢ",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espina",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinamos",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináis",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinan",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaba",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinabas",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaba",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinábamos",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinabais",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaban",
"raw_tags": [
"Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiné",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaste",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinó",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinamos",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinasteis",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaron",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
],
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"preterite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaré",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarás",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinará",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaremos",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaréis",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarán",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaría",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarías",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaría",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaríamos",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaríais",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarían",
"raw_tags": [
"Pospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "he espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "has espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ha espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hemos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habéis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "han espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "había espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habías espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "había espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habíamos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habíais espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habían espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antecopretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hube espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiste espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubo espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubimos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubisteis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieron espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito (poco usado)"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"anterior",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habré espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrás espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrá espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habremos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habréis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrán espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habría espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrías espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habría espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habríamos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habríais espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habrían espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepospretérito"
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espines^(tú)",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": " espinésᵛᵒˢ²",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinéis",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"tags": [
"present",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinara",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaras",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinara",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináramos",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinarais",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaran",
"raw_tags": [
"Pretérito"
],
"tags": [
"past",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinare",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinares",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinare",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináremos",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinareis",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinaren",
"raw_tags": [
"Futuro (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haya espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayas^(tú) espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayásᵛᵒˢ² espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haya espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayamos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayáis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hayan espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepresente"
],
"tags": [
"present",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiera espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieras espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiera espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiéramos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubierais espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieran espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antepretérito"
],
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiere espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieres espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiere espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiéremos espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubiereis espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hubieren espinado",
"raw_tags": [
"Antefuturo (en desuso)"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espina^(tú)",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espináᵛᵒˢ",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinemos",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"plural",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinad",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espinen",
"tags": [
"affirmative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "Se emplea el presente del modo subjuntivo",
"tags": [
"negative",
"singular",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"hyphenation": "es-pi-nar",
"lang": "Español",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "verbo transitivo",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Herir o punzar con algo puntiagudo."
],
"raw_tags": [
"utci"
],
"sense_index": "1"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Cubrir con zarzas u otras plantas espinosas el tallo de árboles recién plantados, para protegerlos."
],
"sense_index": "2"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Ofender a alguien de palabra, con expresiones hirientes."
],
"sense_index": "3",
"tags": [
"pronominal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ES:Milicia"
],
"glosses": [
"Dicho de un grupo o escuadrón militar, hacer una formación de tal modo que presentaban al enemigo lanzas o espadas por todos los flancos; conformar un espín."
],
"sense_index": "4",
"topics": [
"military"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "aɾ"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Francés",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "épinier"
}
],
"word": "espinar"
}
{
"categories": [
"ES:Palabras agudas",
"ES:Palabras trisílabas",
"ES:Rimas:aɾ",
"ES:Sustantivos",
"ES:Sustantivos masculinos",
"Español",
"Español-Francés"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sufijo",
"2": "espina",
"3": "ar",
"num2": "1"
},
"expansion": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁",
"name": "etimología"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sufijo",
"2": "espino",
"3": "ar",
"num2": "2"
},
"expansion": "De espino y el sufijo -ar₂",
"name": "etimología"
}
],
"etymology_text": "De espino y el sufijo -ar₂.",
"extra_sounds": {
"acentuación": "aguda",
"longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
},
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinar",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinares",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"hyphenation": "es-pi-nar",
"lang": "Español",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "sustantivo masculino",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "zarzal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Paraje poblado de espinos o donde abundan."
],
"sense_index": "1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "aɾ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "espinal"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "senticar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Francés",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "épinier"
}
],
"word": "espinar"
}
{
"categories": [
"FRM:Palabras sin transcripción fonética",
"FRM:Sustantivos",
"FRM:Sustantivos masculinos",
"Francés medio"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "espinar",
"leng": "frm"
},
"expansion": "Del francés antiguo espinar",
"name": "etimología"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Del francés antiguo espinar, y esta de origen incierto. Muchos autores antiguos lo remontaban al latín spina, \"espina\", del protoindoeuropeo *(s)phē̆i-, pero la etimología no resiste el análisis histórico. Otra versión la daba por alteración del latín Hispanica, fundándose en el nombre alternativo de herbe d'Espaigne, pero las dificultades fonológicas son considerables. La teoría más extendida lo deriva del provenzal antiguo espinarc, del catalán espinac, a su vez del árabe andalusí isbináẖ, y este del clásico اسفاناخ (isfānākh), del persa اسپناخ (ispanākh)",
"extra_sounds": {
"pronunciación": "falta agregar"
},
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinar",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espinars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Francés medio",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "sustantivo masculino",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"FRM:Plantas"
],
"examples": [
{
"example_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Au croissant de la lune du mois d'Aoust ou de Septembre, est le bon semer des espinars, pour en manger durant l'hyver et le printemps.",
"autor": "Olivier de Serres",
"c": "libro",
"capítulo": "Sixiesme lieu, Chapitre V",
"edición": "1996",
"editorial": "Actes Sud",
"f": "1600",
"isbn": "2742709525",
"páginas": "754",
"título": "Le Théâtre d'agriculture et mesnage des champs",
"ubicación": "París"
},
"expansion": ":*Ejemplo: Au croissant de la lune du mois d'Aoust ou de Septembre, est le bon semer des espinars, pour en manger durant l'hyver et le printemps.Olivier de Serres. Le Théâtre d'agriculture et mesnage des champs. Capítulo Sixiesme lieu, Chapitre V. Página 754. Editorial: Actes Sud. 1996.ª ed, París, 1600. ISBN: 2742709525.",
"name": "ejemplo"
}
],
"ref": "Olivier de Serres. Le Théâtre d'agriculture et mesnage des champs. Capítulo Sixiesme lieu, Chapitre V. Página 754. Editorial: Actes Sud. 1996.ª ed, París, 1600. ISBN: 2742709525.",
"text": "Au croissant de la lune du mois d'Aoust ou de Septembre, est le bon semer des espinars, pour en manger durant l'hyver et le printemps."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(Spinacia oleracea) Espinaca."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Plantas"
],
"sense_index": "1"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "espinache"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "espinage"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "espinoche"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "espinar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for espinar meaning in All languages combined (16.5kB)
{
"called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_section/48",
"msg": "Unprocessed section: información adicional",
"path": [
"espinar"
],
"section": "Español",
"subsection": "información adicional",
"title": "espinar",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"espinar"
],
"section": "Francés medio",
"subsection": "sustantivo masculino",
"title": "espinar",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"espinar"
],
"section": "Francés medio",
"subsection": "sustantivo masculino",
"title": "espinar",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "extractor/es/example/extract_example/87",
"msg": "Unprocessed nodes from example group: [<LEVEL4(['Descendientes']){} '\\n', <TEMPLATE(['trad-arriba'], ['Descendientes']){} >, '\\n', <TEMPLATE(['d'], ['fr'], ['d1=épinard'], ['niv=1']){} >, '\\n', <TEMPLATE(['trad-abajo']){} >, '\\n\\n'>]",
"path": [
"espinar"
],
"section": "Francés medio",
"subsection": "sustantivo masculino",
"title": "espinar",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_section/48",
"msg": "Unprocessed section: descendientes",
"path": [
"espinar"
],
"section": "Francés medio",
"subsection": "descendientes",
"title": "espinar",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_entries/69",
"msg": "Found unexpected nodes [<HTML(references){} >] in section [['Referencias y notas']]",
"path": [
"espinar"
],
"section": "unknown",
"subsection": "",
"title": "espinar",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the eswiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.