"espinar" meaning in Español

See espinar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [es.piˈnaɾ] Forms: espinar [singular], espinares [plural]
Rhymes: aɾ Etymology: De espino y el sufijo -ar₂. Etymology templates: {{etimología|sufijo|espina|ar|num2=1}} De espina y el sufijo -ar₁, {{etimología|sufijo|espino|ar|num2=2}} De espino y el sufijo -ar₂
  1. Paraje poblado de espinos o donde abundan.
    Sense id: es-espinar-es-noun-GCIZS-~N
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: espinal, senticar Related terms: zarzal Translations: épinier (Francés)
Categories (other): ES:Palabras agudas, ES:Palabras trisílabas, ES:Rimas:aɾ, ES:Sustantivos, ES:Sustantivos masculinos, Español, Español-Francés

Verb

IPA: [es.piˈnaɾ]
Rhymes: aɾ Etymology: De espina y el sufijo -ar₁. Etymology templates: {{etimología|sufijo|espina|ar|num2=1}} De espina y el sufijo -ar₁ Forms: espinar [infinitive, simple], haber espinado [infinitive, compound], espinando [gerund, simple], habiendo espinado [gerund, compound], espinado [participle, simple], espino [present, singular, first-person], espinas^(tú) [present, singular, second-person], espinásᵛᵒˢ [present, singular, second-person], espina [present, singular, third-person], espinamos [present, plural, first-person], espináis [present, plural, second-person], espinan [present, plural, third-person], espinaba [past, imperfect, singular, first-person], espinabas [past, imperfect, singular, second-person], espinaba [past, imperfect, singular, third-person], espinábamos [past, imperfect, plural, first-person], espinabais [past, imperfect, plural, second-person], espinaban [past, imperfect, plural, third-person], espiné [indefinite, preterite, singular, first-person], espinaste [indefinite, preterite, singular, second-person], espinó [indefinite, preterite, singular, third-person], espinamos [indefinite, preterite, plural, first-person], espinasteis [indefinite, preterite, plural, second-person], espinaron [indefinite, preterite, plural, third-person], espinaré [future, singular, first-person], espinarás [future, singular, second-person], espinará [future, singular, third-person], espinaremos [future, plural, first-person], espinaréis [future, plural, second-person], espinarán [future, plural, third-person], espinaría [conditional, singular, first-person], espinarías [conditional, singular, second-person], espinaría [conditional, singular, third-person], espinaríamos [conditional, plural, first-person], espinaríais [conditional, plural, second-person], espinarían [conditional, plural, third-person], he espinado [present, perfect, singular, first-person], has espinado [present, perfect, singular, second-person], ha espinado [present, perfect, singular, third-person], hemos espinado [present, perfect, plural, first-person], habéis espinado [present, perfect, plural, second-person], han espinado [present, perfect, plural, third-person], había espinado [pluperfect, singular, first-person], habías espinado [pluperfect, singular, second-person], había espinado [pluperfect, singular, third-person], habíamos espinado [pluperfect, plural, first-person], habíais espinado [pluperfect, plural, second-person], habían espinado [pluperfect, plural, third-person], hube espinado [past, anterior, singular, first-person], hubiste espinado [past, anterior, singular, second-person], hubo espinado [past, anterior, singular, third-person], hubimos espinado [past, anterior, plural, first-person], hubisteis espinado [past, anterior, plural, second-person], hubieron espinado [past, anterior, plural, third-person], habré espinado [future, perfect, singular, first-person], habrás espinado [future, perfect, singular, second-person], habrá espinado [future, perfect, singular, third-person], habremos espinado [future, perfect, plural, first-person], habréis espinado [future, perfect, plural, second-person], habrán espinado [future, perfect, plural, third-person], habría espinado [conditional, perfect, singular, first-person], habrías espinado [conditional, perfect, singular, second-person], habría espinado [conditional, perfect, singular, third-person], habríamos espinado [conditional, perfect, plural, first-person], habríais espinado [conditional, perfect, plural, second-person], habrían espinado [conditional, perfect, plural, third-person], espine [present, singular, first-person], espines^(tú) [present, singular, second-person], espinésᵛᵒˢ² [present, singular, second-person], espine [present, singular, third-person], espinemos [present, plural, first-person], espinéis [present, plural, second-person], espinen [present, plural, third-person], espinara [past, imperfect, singular, first-person], espinaras [past, imperfect, singular, second-person], espinara [past, imperfect, singular, third-person], espináramos [past, imperfect, plural, first-person], espinarais [past, imperfect, plural, second-person], espinaran [past, imperfect, plural, third-person], espinare [singular, first-person], espinares [singular, second-person], espinare [singular, third-person], espináremos [plural, first-person], espinareis [plural, second-person], espinaren [plural, third-person], haya espinado [present, perfect, singular, first-person], hayas^(tú) espinado [present, perfect, singular, second-person], hayásᵛᵒˢ² espinado [present, perfect, singular, second-person], haya espinado [present, perfect, singular, third-person], hayamos espinado [present, perfect, plural, first-person], hayáis espinado [present, perfect, plural, second-person], hayan espinado [present, perfect, plural, third-person], hubiera espinado [pluperfect, singular, first-person], hubieras espinado [pluperfect, singular, second-person], hubiera espinado [pluperfect, singular, third-person], hubiéramos espinado [pluperfect, plural, first-person], hubierais espinado [pluperfect, plural, second-person], hubieran espinado [pluperfect, plural, third-person], hubiere espinado [future, singular, first-person], hubieres espinado [future, singular, second-person], hubiere espinado [future, singular, third-person], hubiéremos espinado [future, plural, first-person], hubiereis espinado [future, plural, second-person], hubieren espinado [future, plural, third-person], espina^(tú) [affirmative, singular, first-person], espináᵛᵒˢ [affirmative, singular, first-person], espine [affirmative, singular, second-person], espinemos [affirmative, singular, third-person], espinad [affirmative, plural, first-person], espinen [affirmative, plural, second-person], Se emplea el presente del modo subjuntivo [negative, singular, first-person]
  1. Herir o punzar con algo puntiagudo.
    Sense id: es-espinar-es-verb-kf~jNr3t
  2. Cubrir con zarzas u otras plantas espinosas el tallo de árboles recién plantados, para protegerlos.
    Sense id: es-espinar-es-verb-AKHSJ1jq
  3. Ofender a alguien de palabra, con expresiones hirientes. Tags: pronominal
    Sense id: es-espinar-es-verb-1VK4cjui
  4. Dicho de un grupo o escuadrón militar, hacer una formación de tal modo que presentaban al enemigo lanzas o espadas por todos los flancos; conformar un espín.
    Sense id: es-espinar-es-verb-sRSlb34G Categories (other): ES:Milicia Topics: military
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations: épinier (Francés)
Categories (other): ES:Palabras agudas, ES:Palabras trisílabas, ES:Rimas:aɾ, ES:Verbos, ES:Verbos transitivos, Español, Español-Francés

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras agudas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras trisílabas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Rimas:aɾ",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Verbos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Verbos transitivos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español-Francés",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sufijo",
        "2": "espina",
        "3": "ar",
        "num2": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁.",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "aguda",
    "longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espinar",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haber espinado",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "compound"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinando",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habiendo espinado",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "compound"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinado",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espino",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinas^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinásᵛᵒˢ",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espina",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinamos",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináis",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinan",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaba",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinabas",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaba",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinábamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinabais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaban",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espiné",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaste",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinó",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinasteis",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaron",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaré",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarás",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinará",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaremos",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaréis",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarán",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaría",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarías",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaría",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaríamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaríais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarían",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "he espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "has espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ha espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hemos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habéis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "han espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "había espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habías espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "había espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habíamos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habíais espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habían espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hube espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiste espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubo espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubimos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubisteis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieron espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habré espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrás espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrá espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habremos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habréis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrán espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habría espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrías espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habría espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habríamos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habríais espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrían espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espines^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": " espinésᵛᵒˢ²",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinéis",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinara",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaras",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinara",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináramos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaran",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinare",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinares",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinare",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináremos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinareis",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaren",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haya espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayas^(tú) espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayásᵛᵒˢ² espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haya espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayamos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayáis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayan espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiera espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieras espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiera espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiéramos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubierais espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieran espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiere espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieres espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiere espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiéremos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiereis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieren espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espina^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináᵛᵒˢ",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinad",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Se emplea el presente del modo subjuntivo",
      "tags": [
        "negative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "es-pi-nar",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "verbo transitivo",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Herir o punzar con algo puntiagudo."
      ],
      "id": "es-espinar-es-verb-kf~jNr3t",
      "raw_tags": [
        "utci"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Cubrir con zarzas u otras plantas espinosas el tallo de árboles recién plantados, para protegerlos."
      ],
      "id": "es-espinar-es-verb-AKHSJ1jq",
      "sense_index": "2"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Ofender a alguien de palabra, con expresiones hirientes."
      ],
      "id": "es-espinar-es-verb-1VK4cjui",
      "sense_index": "3",
      "tags": [
        "pronominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "ES:Milicia",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dicho de un grupo o escuadrón militar, hacer una formación de tal modo que presentaban al enemigo lanzas o espadas por todos los flancos; conformar un espín."
      ],
      "id": "es-espinar-es-verb-sRSlb34G",
      "sense_index": "4",
      "topics": [
        "military"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "transitive"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "Francés",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "épinier"
    }
  ],
  "word": "espinar"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras agudas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras trisílabas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Rimas:aɾ",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Sustantivos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Sustantivos masculinos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español-Francés",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sufijo",
        "2": "espina",
        "3": "ar",
        "num2": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁",
      "name": "etimología"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sufijo",
        "2": "espino",
        "3": "ar",
        "num2": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "De espino y el sufijo -ar₂",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "De espino y el sufijo -ar₂.",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "aguda",
    "longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espinar",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinares",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "es-pi-nar",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo masculino",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "zarzal"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Paraje poblado de espinos o donde abundan."
      ],
      "id": "es-espinar-es-noun-GCIZS-~N",
      "sense_index": "1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "espinal"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "senticar"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "masculine"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "Francés",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "épinier"
    }
  ],
  "word": "espinar"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "ES:Palabras agudas",
    "ES:Palabras trisílabas",
    "ES:Rimas:aɾ",
    "ES:Verbos",
    "ES:Verbos transitivos",
    "Español",
    "Español-Francés"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sufijo",
        "2": "espina",
        "3": "ar",
        "num2": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁.",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "aguda",
    "longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espinar",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haber espinado",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "compound"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinando",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habiendo espinado",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "compound"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinado",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "simple"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espino",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinas^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinásᵛᵒˢ",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espina",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinamos",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináis",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinan",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaba",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinabas",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaba",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinábamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinabais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaban",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Copretérito (Andrés Bello)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espiné",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaste",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinó",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinasteis",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaron",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito (Perfecto simple)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "preterite",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaré",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarás",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinará",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaremos",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaréis",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarán",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaría",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarías",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaría",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaríamos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaríais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarían",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "he espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "has espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ha espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hemos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habéis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "han espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "había espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habías espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "había espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habíamos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habíais espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habían espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antecopretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hube espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiste espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubo espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubimos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubisteis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieron espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito (poco usado)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "anterior",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habré espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrás espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrá espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habremos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habréis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrán espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habría espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrías espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habría espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habríamos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habríais espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habrían espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepospretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espines^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": " espinésᵛᵒˢ²",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinéis",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinara",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaras",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinara",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináramos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinarais",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaran",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinare",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinares",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinare",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináremos",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinareis",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinaren",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Futuro (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haya espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayas^(tú) espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayásᵛᵒˢ² espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haya espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayamos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayáis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hayan espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepresente"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiera espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieras espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiera espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiéramos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubierais espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieran espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antepretérito"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiere espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieres espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiere espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiéremos espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubiereis espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hubieren espinado",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Antefuturo (en desuso)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espina^(tú)",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espináᵛᵒˢ",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espine",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinemos",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinad",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "plural",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinen",
      "tags": [
        "affirmative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Se emplea el presente del modo subjuntivo",
      "tags": [
        "negative",
        "singular",
        "first-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "es-pi-nar",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "verbo transitivo",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Herir o punzar con algo puntiagudo."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "utci"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Cubrir con zarzas u otras plantas espinosas el tallo de árboles recién plantados, para protegerlos."
      ],
      "sense_index": "2"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Ofender a alguien de palabra, con expresiones hirientes."
      ],
      "sense_index": "3",
      "tags": [
        "pronominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ES:Milicia"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dicho de un grupo o escuadrón militar, hacer una formación de tal modo que presentaban al enemigo lanzas o espadas por todos los flancos; conformar un espín."
      ],
      "sense_index": "4",
      "topics": [
        "military"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "transitive"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "Francés",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "épinier"
    }
  ],
  "word": "espinar"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "ES:Palabras agudas",
    "ES:Palabras trisílabas",
    "ES:Rimas:aɾ",
    "ES:Sustantivos",
    "ES:Sustantivos masculinos",
    "Español",
    "Español-Francés"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sufijo",
        "2": "espina",
        "3": "ar",
        "num2": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "De espina y el sufijo -ar₁",
      "name": "etimología"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sufijo",
        "2": "espino",
        "3": "ar",
        "num2": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "De espino y el sufijo -ar₂",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "De espino y el sufijo -ar₂.",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "aguda",
    "longitud silábica": "trisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espinar",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espinares",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "es-pi-nar",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo masculino",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "zarzal"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Paraje poblado de espinos o donde abundan."
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[es.piˈnaɾ]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "aɾ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "espinal"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "senticar"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "masculine"
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "Francés",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "épinier"
    }
  ],
  "word": "espinar"
}

Download raw JSONL data for espinar meaning in Español (13.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_section/48",
  "msg": "Unprocessed section: información adicional",
  "path": [
    "espinar"
  ],
  "section": "Español",
  "subsection": "información adicional",
  "title": "espinar",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Español dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-18 from the eswiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (681a778 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.