See croes in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kroɨs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kroɨs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kruxsā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kruxsā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cros",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "crux",
"4": "",
"5": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Latin crux (“cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crwys"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crwys",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *kroɨs, from Insular Proto-Celtic *kruxsā (compare Old Irish cros), from Latin crux (“cross”). Doublet of crwys and crog.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "croesau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "croesau"
},
"expansion": "croes f (plural croesau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Southern Cross",
"translation": "Southern Cross",
"word": "Croes Ddeheoul"
},
{
"english": "dame's violet",
"translation": "dame's violet",
"word": "croes yr hwyr"
},
{
"english": "crossword",
"translation": "crossword",
"word": "croesair"
},
{
"word": "croesbren"
},
{
"english": "crossbar",
"translation": "crossbar",
"word": "croesfar"
},
{
"english": "crossroads",
"translation": "crossroads",
"word": "croesffordd"
},
{
"english": "crusade",
"translation": "crusade",
"word": "croesgad"
},
{
"english": "to crucify",
"translation": "to crucify",
"word": "croeshoelio"
},
{
"english": "to cross-examine",
"translation": "to cross-examine",
"word": "croesholi"
},
{
"english": "to cross",
"translation": "to cross",
"word": "croesi"
},
{
"english": "perverseness",
"translation": "perverseness",
"word": "croesni"
},
{
"english": "crossed, having a cross",
"translation": "crossed, having a cross",
"word": "croesog"
},
{
"english": "cross-breed, hybrid",
"translation": "cross-breed, hybrid",
"word": "croesryw"
},
{
"english": "to cut across",
"translation": "to cut across",
"word": "croestorri"
},
{
"word": "llysiau'r groes"
},
{
"word": "croeslys"
},
{
"english": "crosswort",
"translation": "crosswort",
"word": "briwydd groes"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"english": "Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,…",
"text": "O dan ein Croes Ddeheuol loyw,…",
"translation": "Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,…",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cross"
],
"id": "en-croes-cy-noun-s5hpUrFF",
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crwys"
},
{
"word": "crog"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kroːɨ̯s/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/krɔi̯s/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kroːs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːɨ̯s"
}
],
"word": "croes"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "crosswind; foul wind",
"translation": "crosswind; foul wind",
"word": "gwynt croes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "anticlockwise",
"translation": "anticlockwise",
"word": "yn groes i'r cloc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kroɨs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kroɨs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kruxsā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kruxsā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cros",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "crux",
"4": "",
"5": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Latin crux (“cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crwys"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crwys",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *kroɨs, from Insular Proto-Celtic *kruxsā (compare Old Irish cros), from Latin crux (“cross”). Doublet of crwys and crog.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "croes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croesion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croesed",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "croesach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "croesaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "croes",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "groes",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghroes",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chroes",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"pl": "croesion"
},
"expansion": "croes (feminine singular croes, plural croesion, equative croesed, comparative croesach, superlative croesaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cross, transverse"
],
"id": "en-croes-cy-adj-ACiq2oNI",
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
],
[
"transverse",
"transverse"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"contrary, adverse"
],
"id": "en-croes-cy-adj-xPZ4aTRy",
"links": [
[
"contrary",
"contrary"
],
[
"adverse",
"adverse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kroːɨ̯s/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/krɔi̯s/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kroːs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːɨ̯s"
}
],
"word": "croes"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/oːɨ̯s",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh doublets",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Latin",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Southern Cross",
"translation": "Southern Cross",
"word": "Croes Ddeheoul"
},
{
"english": "dame's violet",
"translation": "dame's violet",
"word": "croes yr hwyr"
},
{
"english": "crossword",
"translation": "crossword",
"word": "croesair"
},
{
"word": "croesbren"
},
{
"english": "crossbar",
"translation": "crossbar",
"word": "croesfar"
},
{
"english": "crossroads",
"translation": "crossroads",
"word": "croesffordd"
},
{
"english": "crusade",
"translation": "crusade",
"word": "croesgad"
},
{
"english": "to crucify",
"translation": "to crucify",
"word": "croeshoelio"
},
{
"english": "to cross-examine",
"translation": "to cross-examine",
"word": "croesholi"
},
{
"english": "to cross",
"translation": "to cross",
"word": "croesi"
},
{
"english": "perverseness",
"translation": "perverseness",
"word": "croesni"
},
{
"english": "crossed, having a cross",
"translation": "crossed, having a cross",
"word": "croesog"
},
{
"english": "cross-breed, hybrid",
"translation": "cross-breed, hybrid",
"word": "croesryw"
},
{
"english": "to cut across",
"translation": "to cut across",
"word": "croestorri"
},
{
"word": "llysiau'r groes"
},
{
"word": "croeslys"
},
{
"english": "crosswort",
"translation": "crosswort",
"word": "briwydd groes"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kroɨs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kroɨs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kruxsā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kruxsā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cros",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "crux",
"4": "",
"5": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Latin crux (“cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crwys"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crwys",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *kroɨs, from Insular Proto-Celtic *kruxsā (compare Old Irish cros), from Latin crux (“cross”). Doublet of crwys and crog.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "croesau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "croesau"
},
"expansion": "croes f (plural croesau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"english": "Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,…",
"text": "O dan ein Croes Ddeheuol loyw,…",
"translation": "Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,…",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cross"
],
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kroːɨ̯s/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/krɔi̯s/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kroːs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːɨ̯s"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crwys"
},
{
"word": "crog"
}
],
"word": "croes"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/oːɨ̯s",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh doublets",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Latin",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "crosswind; foul wind",
"translation": "crosswind; foul wind",
"word": "gwynt croes"
},
{
"english": "anticlockwise",
"translation": "anticlockwise",
"word": "yn groes i'r cloc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kroɨs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kroɨs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kruxsā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kruxsā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cros"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cros",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "crux",
"4": "",
"5": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Latin crux (“cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crwys"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crwys",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *kroɨs, from Insular Proto-Celtic *kruxsā (compare Old Irish cros), from Latin crux (“cross”). Doublet of crwys and crog.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "croes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croesion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croesed",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "croesach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "croesaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "croes",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "groes",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghroes",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chroes",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"pl": "croesion"
},
"expansion": "croes (feminine singular croes, plural croesion, equative croesed, comparative croesach, superlative croesaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cross, transverse"
],
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
],
[
"transverse",
"transverse"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"contrary, adverse"
],
"links": [
[
"contrary",
"contrary"
],
[
"adverse",
"adverse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kroːɨ̯s/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/krɔi̯s/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kroːs/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːɨ̯s"
}
],
"word": "croes"
}
Download raw JSONL data for croes meaning in Welsh (6.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: croes/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"croes"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "croes",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: croes/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"croes"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "croes",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: croes/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"croes"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "croes",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.