See caeth in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂p-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "kaeth"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh kaeth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
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},
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{
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},
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},
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂ptós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh kaeth, kaet, cahet, cayt (“slave”), from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨθ, from Proto-Celtic *kaxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caethion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caethed",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "caethach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "caethaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"pl": "caethion"
},
"expansion": "caeth (feminine singular caeth, plural caethion, equative caethed, comparative caethach, superlative caethaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bound, captive, tied"
],
"id": "en-caeth-cy-adj-9wlvDSDg",
"links": [
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"captive",
"captive"
],
[
"tied",
"tied"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"addicted"
],
"id": "en-caeth-cy-adj-RlduQwV0",
"links": [
[
"addicted",
"addicted"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strict (poetic metre)"
],
"id": "en-caeth-cy-adj--oSetx09",
"links": [
[
"strict",
"strict"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaːɨ̯θ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯θ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːɨ̯θ"
}
],
"word": "caeth"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "strict metre poetry",
"translation": "strict metre poetry",
"word": "canu caeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "housebound",
"translation": "housebound",
"word": "caeth i'r tŷ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "bondage, enslavement",
"translation": "bondage, enslavement",
"word": "caethiwed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to enslave",
"translation": "to enslave",
"word": "caethiwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "slave",
"translation": "slave",
"word": "caethwas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂p-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "kaeth"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh kaeth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kaɨθ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kaɨθ",
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},
{
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"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaxtos"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂ptós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh kaeth, kaet, cahet, cayt (“slave”), from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨθ, from Proto-Celtic *kaxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caethion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "caethion"
},
"expansion": "caeth m (plural caethion)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 63 0 37 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "People",
"orig": "cy:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"id": "en-caeth-cy-noun-GDk2sBDG",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"captive"
],
"id": "en-caeth-cy-noun-w6ZINBFb",
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 8 4 17 29 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 4 2 9 63 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 8 6 2 11 47 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bondsman, villein"
],
"id": "en-caeth-cy-noun-WnK0-3qq",
"links": [
[
"bondsman",
"bondsman"
],
[
"villein",
"villein"
]
],
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"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaːɨ̯θ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯θ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːɨ̯θ"
}
],
"word": "caeth"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caeth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gaeth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghaeth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chaeth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "cafodd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "caeth",
"name": "cy-verb form"
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cael"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular preterite of cael"
],
"id": "en-caeth-cy-verb-PsJJiSqZ",
"links": [
[
"cael",
"cael#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaːɨ̯θ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːθ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯θ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːθ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːɨ̯θ"
}
],
"word": "caeth"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯θ",
"Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯θ/1 syllable",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂p-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh verb forms",
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"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂p-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "kaeth"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh kaeth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kaɨθ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kaɨθ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaxtos"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂ptós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh kaeth, kaet, cahet, cayt (“slave”), from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨθ, from Proto-Celtic *kaxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caethion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caethed",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "caethach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "caethaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"pl": "caethion"
},
"expansion": "caeth (feminine singular caeth, plural caethion, equative caethed, comparative caethach, superlative caethaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bound, captive, tied"
],
"links": [
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"captive",
"captive"
],
[
"tied",
"tied"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"addicted"
],
"links": [
[
"addicted",
"addicted"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strict (poetic metre)"
],
"links": [
[
"strict",
"strict"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaːɨ̯θ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯θ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːɨ̯θ"
}
],
"word": "caeth"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯θ",
"Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯θ/1 syllable",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂p-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh verb forms",
"cy:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "strict metre poetry",
"translation": "strict metre poetry",
"word": "canu caeth"
},
{
"english": "housebound",
"translation": "housebound",
"word": "caeth i'r tŷ"
},
{
"english": "bondage, enslavement",
"translation": "bondage, enslavement",
"word": "caethiwed"
},
{
"english": "to enslave",
"translation": "to enslave",
"word": "caethiwo"
},
{
"english": "slave",
"translation": "slave",
"word": "caethwas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂p-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "kaeth"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh kaeth",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kaɨθ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kaɨθ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kaxtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaxtos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂ptós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh kaeth, kaet, cahet, cayt (“slave”), from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨθ, from Proto-Celtic *kaxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "caethion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "caethion"
},
"expansion": "caeth m (plural caethion)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"captive"
],
"links": [
[
"captive",
"captive"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bondsman, villein"
],
"links": [
[
"bondsman",
"bondsman"
],
[
"villein",
"villein"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaːɨ̯θ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯θ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːɨ̯θ"
}
],
"word": "caeth"
}
{
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"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh verb forms",
"cy:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caeth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gaeth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghaeth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chaeth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "cafodd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "caeth",
"name": "cy-verb form"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cael"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular preterite of cael"
],
"links": [
[
"cael",
"cael#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaːɨ̯θ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːθ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯θ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːθ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːɨ̯θ"
}
],
"word": "caeth"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caeth meaning in Welsh (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caeth/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"caeth"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "caeth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caeth/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"caeth"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "caeth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caeth/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"caeth"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "caeth",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.