"bwrw" meaning in Welsh

See bwrw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈbʊrʊ/ [North-Wales], /ˈbuːru/ [South-Wales], /ˈbʊru/ [South-Wales]
Rhymes: -ʊrʊ Etymology: From Middle Welsh bwrw, from Proto-Brythonic *burɣid, from Proto-Celtic *borgīti (compare Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti, an "eye"-causative form of *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, elevate”). Etymology templates: {{root|cy|ine-pro|*bʰerǵʰ-}}, {{inh|cy|wlm|bwrw}} Middle Welsh bwrw, {{inh|cy|cel-bry-pro|*burɣid}} Proto-Brythonic *burɣid, {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*borgīti}} Proto-Celtic *borgīti, {{cog|sga|dobidci|·díbairg|throws}} Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”), {{der|cy|ine-pro||*bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti Head templates: {{cy-verb|bwri}} bwrw (first-person singular present bwriaf) Inflection templates: {{cy-conj-i|bwr|3=-|imp=bwra|verbadj2=none}}, {{cy-conj-colloquial|bwri}}, {{cy-mut}} Forms: bwriaf [first-person, present, singular], no-table-tags [table-tags], bwriaf [first-person, future, indicative, present, singular], bwri [future, indicative, present, second-person, singular], bwria [future, indicative, present, singular, third-person], bwriwn [first-person, future, indicative, plural, present], bwriwch [future, indicative, plural, present, second-person], bwriant [future, indicative, plural, present, third-person], bwrir [future, impersonal, indicative, present], bwriwn [conditional, first-person, singular], bwriwn [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], bwrit [conditional, second-person, singular], bwrit [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], bwriai [conditional, singular, third-person], bwriai [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], bwriem [conditional, first-person, plural], bwriem [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], bwriech [conditional, plural, second-person], bwriech [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], bwrient [conditional, plural, third-person], bwrient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], bwrid [conditional, impersonal], bwrid [imperfect, impersonal, indicative], bwriais [first-person, preterite, singular], bwriaist [preterite, second-person, singular], bwriodd [preterite, singular, third-person], bwriasom [first-person, plural, preterite], bwriasoch [plural, preterite, second-person], bwriasant [plural, preterite, third-person], bwriwyd [impersonal, preterite], bwriaswn [first-person, pluperfect, singular], bwriasit [pluperfect, second-person, singular], bwriasai [pluperfect, singular, third-person], bwriasem [first-person, pluperfect, plural], bwriasech [pluperfect, plural, second-person], bwriasent [pluperfect, plural, third-person], bwriasid [impersonal, pluperfect], bwriesid [impersonal, pluperfect], bwriwyf [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], bwriech [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], bwrio [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], bwriom [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], bwrioch [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], bwriont [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], bwrier [impersonal, present, subjunctive], - [first-person, imperative, singular], bwra [imperative, second-person, singular], bwria [imperative, second-person, singular], bwried [imperative, singular, third-person], bwriwn [first-person, imperative, plural], bwriwch [imperative, plural, second-person], bwrient [imperative, plural, third-person], bwrier [imperative, impersonal], bwrw [noun-from-verb], bwriedig [participle], - [participle], no-table-tags [table-tags], bwria i [first-person, future, singular], bwriaf i [first-person, future, singular], bwri di [future, second-person, singular], bwrith o [future, singular, third-person], e [future, singular, third-person], hi [future, singular, third-person], bwriff e [future, singular, third-person], bwriwn ni [first-person, future, plural], bwriwch chi [future, plural, second-person], bwrian nhw [future, plural, third-person], bwriwn i [conditional, first-person, singular], bwriswn i [conditional, first-person, singular], bwriet ti [conditional, second-person, singular], bwriset ti [conditional, second-person, singular], bwriai fo [conditional, singular, third-person], fe [conditional, singular, third-person], hi [conditional, singular, third-person], bwrisai fo [conditional, singular, third-person], bwrien ni [conditional, first-person, plural], bwrisen ni [conditional, first-person, plural], bwriech chi [conditional, plural, second-person], bwrisech chi [conditional, plural, second-person], bwrien nhw [conditional, plural, third-person], bwrisen nhw [conditional, plural, third-person], bwriais i [first-person, preterite, singular], bwries i [first-person, preterite, singular], bwriaist ti [preterite, second-person, singular], bwriest ti [preterite, second-person, singular], bwriodd o [preterite, singular, third-person], e [preterite, singular, third-person], hi [preterite, singular, third-person], bwrion ni [first-person, plural, preterite], bwrioch chi [plural, preterite, second-person], bwrion nhw [plural, preterite, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], bwria [imperative, second-person, singular], - [imperative, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, plural], bwriwch [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], bwrw [error-unrecognized-form], fwrw [soft], mwrw [error-unrecognized-form]
  1. To hit
    Sense id: en-bwrw-cy-verb-5uxmSu31
  2. To strike
    Sense id: en-bwrw-cy-verb-iDflzaB2
  3. To cast
    Sense id: en-bwrw-cy-verb-jQWf7p~2
  4. To overthrow
    Sense id: en-bwrw-cy-verb-Y-aL~EgU
  5. (weather) To precipitate Categories (topical): Weather
    Sense id: en-bwrw-cy-verb-rf00Zhtl Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 8 8 8 19 39 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 8 8 8 11 55 12 Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 5 5 5 17 54 15 Topics: climatology, meteorology, natural-sciences, weather
  6. (of animals) to give birth to; to whelp, calve, etc. Synonyms: dod â
    Sense id: en-bwrw-cy-verb-LCSIINP1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: bwrw glaw (english: to rain), bwrw eira (english: to snow), bwrw cesair (english: to hail), bwrw ymlaen (english: to press on, to keep going)

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to rain",
      "word": "bwrw glaw"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to snow",
      "word": "bwrw eira"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to hail",
      "word": "bwrw cesair"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to press on, to keep going",
      "word": "bwrw ymlaen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "bwrw"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh bwrw",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*burɣid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *burɣid",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*borgīti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *borgīti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "dobidci",
        "3": "·díbairg",
        "4": "throws"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh bwrw, from Proto-Brythonic *burɣid, from Proto-Celtic *borgīti (compare Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti, an \"eye\"-causative form of *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, elevate”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bwriaf",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-conj-i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriodd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwyd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriesid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwyf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrioch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriont",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrier",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwra",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwried",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrier",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriedig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-conj-colloquial",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwria i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaf i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwri di",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrith o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriff e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrian nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriswn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriet ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriset ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrisai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrien ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrisen ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrisech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrien nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrisen nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriais i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwries i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaist ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriest ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriodd o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrion ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrioch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrion nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fwrw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mwrw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bwri"
      },
      "expansion": "bwrw (first-person singular present bwriaf)",
      "name": "cy-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bwr",
        "3": "-",
        "imp": "bwra",
        "verbadj2": "none"
      },
      "name": "cy-conj-i"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bwri"
      },
      "name": "cy-conj-colloquial"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To hit"
      ],
      "id": "en-bwrw-cy-verb-5uxmSu31",
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To strike"
      ],
      "id": "en-bwrw-cy-verb-iDflzaB2",
      "links": [
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To cast"
      ],
      "id": "en-bwrw-cy-verb-jQWf7p~2",
      "links": [
        [
          "cast",
          "cast"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To overthrow"
      ],
      "id": "en-bwrw-cy-verb-Y-aL~EgU",
      "links": [
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "cy",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "cy:Weather",
          "parents": [
            "Atmosphere",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 8 8 19 39 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 8 8 11 55 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 5 17 54 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(literally, “It's casting rain”)",
          "roman": "It's raining",
          "text": "Mae hi'n bwrw glaw",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To precipitate"
      ],
      "id": "en-bwrw-cy-verb-rf00Zhtl",
      "links": [
        [
          "precipitate",
          "precipitate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(weather) To precipitate"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "climatology",
        "meteorology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "weather"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to give birth to; to whelp, calve, etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-bwrw-cy-verb-LCSIINP1",
      "links": [
        [
          "give birth",
          "give birth"
        ],
        [
          "whelp",
          "whelp"
        ],
        [
          "calve",
          "calve"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of animals) to give birth to; to whelp, calve, etc."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of animals"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dod â"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊrʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbuːru/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊru/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊrʊ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bwrw"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Welsh/ʊrʊ",
    "Rhymes:Welsh/ʊrʊ/2 syllables",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh verbs",
    "Welsh verbs with red links in their headword lines"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to rain",
      "word": "bwrw glaw"
    },
    {
      "english": "to snow",
      "word": "bwrw eira"
    },
    {
      "english": "to hail",
      "word": "bwrw cesair"
    },
    {
      "english": "to press on, to keep going",
      "word": "bwrw ymlaen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "bwrw"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh bwrw",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*burɣid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *burɣid",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*borgīti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *borgīti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "dobidci",
        "3": "·díbairg",
        "4": "throws"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh bwrw, from Proto-Brythonic *burɣid, from Proto-Celtic *borgīti (compare Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti, an \"eye\"-causative form of *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, elevate”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bwriaf",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-conj-i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "impersonal",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriodd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasoch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwyd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaswn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriasid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriesid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwyf",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriech",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrioch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriont",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrier",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwra",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwried",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrier",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriedig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-conj-colloquial",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwria i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaf i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwri di",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrith o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriff e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrian nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriswn i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriet ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriset ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrisai fo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrien ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrisen ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrisech chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrien nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrisen nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriais i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwries i",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriaist ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriest ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriodd o",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrion ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrioch chi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrion nhw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwriwch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bwrw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fwrw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mwrw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bwri"
      },
      "expansion": "bwrw (first-person singular present bwriaf)",
      "name": "cy-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bwr",
        "3": "-",
        "imp": "bwra",
        "verbadj2": "none"
      },
      "name": "cy-conj-i"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bwri"
      },
      "name": "cy-conj-colloquial"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To hit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hit",
          "hit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To strike"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strike",
          "strike"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To cast"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cast",
          "cast"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To overthrow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with usage examples",
        "cy:Weather"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(literally, “It's casting rain”)",
          "roman": "It's raining",
          "text": "Mae hi'n bwrw glaw",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To precipitate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "precipitate",
          "precipitate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(weather) To precipitate"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "climatology",
        "meteorology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "weather"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to give birth to; to whelp, calve, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "give birth",
          "give birth"
        ],
        [
          "whelp",
          "whelp"
        ],
        [
          "calve",
          "calve"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of animals) to give birth to; to whelp, calve, etc."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of animals"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dod â"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊrʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbuːru/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊru/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊrʊ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bwrw"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bwrw meaning in Welsh (13.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bwrw/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "bwrw"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bwrw",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bwrw/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
  "path": [
    "bwrw"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bwrw",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bwrw/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
  "path": [
    "bwrw"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "bwrw",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.