"bach" meaning in Welsh

See bach in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /baːχ/ Forms: bach [feminine, singular], bach [plural], lleied [equative], llai [comparative], lleiaf [superlative]
Rhymes: -aːχ Etymology: From Middle Welsh bych, from Proto-Brythonic *bɨx, from Proto-Celtic *biggos. Etymology templates: {{inh|cy|wlm|bych}} Middle Welsh bych, {{inh|cy|cel-bry-pro|*bɨx}} Proto-Brythonic *bɨx, {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*biggos}} Proto-Celtic *biggos Head templates: {{cy-adj|ach|comp=llai|eq=lleied|sup=lleiaf}} bach (feminine singular bach, plural bach, equative lleied, comparative llai, superlative lleiaf)
  1. small, little, short
    Sense id: en-bach-cy-adj-NEFHJ7Y-
  2. not fully-grown or developed, young
    Sense id: en-bach-cy-adj-ybHn0ctu
  3. insignificant, unimportant, humble
    Sense id: en-bach-cy-adj-E5THjUPj
  4. small (of business, etc.)
    Sense id: en-bach-cy-adj-POOQbYGi
  5. lowercase (of letter)
    Sense id: en-bach-cy-adj-HzXnGaB0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bychan Derived forms: to bach (english: circumflex), tŷ bach (english: toilet, loo)
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /baːχ/ Forms: bachau [plural], bachyn [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], bach [error-unrecognized-form], fach [soft], mach [error-unrecognized-form]
Rhymes: -aːχ Etymology: From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh bach, from Proto-Celtic *bakkos, from Proto-Indo-European *bak-. Etymology templates: {{etymid|cy|hinge}}, {{inh|cy|wlm|-}} Middle Welsh, {{inh|cy|owl|bach}} Old Welsh bach, {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*bakkos}} Proto-Celtic *bakkos, {{inh|cy|ine-pro|*bak-}} Proto-Indo-European *bak- Head templates: {{cy-noun|m|bachau|dim=bachyn}} bach m (plural bachau, diminutive bachyn) Inflection templates: {{cy-mut}}
  1. hook Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-bach-cy-noun-Bkgpi0i-
  2. hinge Tags: masculine Synonyms: corddyn, colfach, colyn
    Sense id: en-bach-cy-noun-dwbDyU1f Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 3 17 7 14 16 4 28 11
  3. (typography) bracket Tags: masculine Synonyms: cromfach
    Sense id: en-bach-cy-noun-cy:bracket Categories (other): Typography Topics: media, publishing, typography
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Hyponyms: bach cyrliog (english: curly bracket), bach petryal, bach sgwâr (english: square bracket), cromfach (english: bracket, parenthesis) Derived forms: adfach (english: barb), bach clo (english: picklock), bachog (english: hooked, barbed), bachu (english: to hook), cigfach (english: meathook), colfach, crogfach (english: hinge), gafaelfach (english: grappling hook)
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "circumflex",
      "translation": "circumflex",
      "word": "to bach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "toilet, loo",
      "translation": "toilet, loo",
      "word": "tŷ bach"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "bych"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh bych",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*bɨx"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *bɨx",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*biggos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *biggos",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh bych, from Proto-Brythonic *bɨx, from Proto-Celtic *biggos.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bach",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bach",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lleied",
      "tags": [
        "equative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "llai",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lleiaf",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ach",
        "comp": "llai",
        "eq": "lleied",
        "sup": "lleiaf"
      },
      "expansion": "bach (feminine singular bach, plural bach, equative lleied, comparative llai, superlative lleiaf)",
      "name": "cy-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mawr"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              25,
              29
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              19,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "english": "No, I'm taking the little train.",
          "text": "Na, rwy'n mynd ar y trên bach.",
          "translation": "No, I'm taking the little train.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "small, little, short"
      ],
      "id": "en-bach-cy-adj-NEFHJ7Y-",
      "links": [
        [
          "small",
          "small"
        ],
        [
          "little",
          "little"
        ],
        [
          "short",
          "short"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "not fully-grown or developed, young"
      ],
      "id": "en-bach-cy-adj-ybHn0ctu",
      "links": [
        [
          "fully-grown",
          "fully-grown"
        ],
        [
          "developed",
          "developed"
        ],
        [
          "young",
          "young"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "insignificant, unimportant, humble"
      ],
      "id": "en-bach-cy-adj-E5THjUPj",
      "links": [
        [
          "insignificant",
          "insignificant"
        ],
        [
          "unimportant",
          "unimportant"
        ],
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "small (of business, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bach-cy-adj-POOQbYGi"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lowercase (of letter)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bach-cy-adj-HzXnGaB0",
      "links": [
        [
          "lowercase",
          "lowercase"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baːχ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aːχ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bychan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bach"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "barb",
      "translation": "barb",
      "word": "adfach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "picklock",
      "translation": "picklock",
      "word": "bach clo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "hooked, barbed",
      "translation": "hooked, barbed",
      "word": "bachog"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "to hook",
      "translation": "to hook",
      "word": "bachu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "meathook",
      "translation": "meathook",
      "word": "cigfach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "colfach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "hinge",
      "translation": "hinge",
      "word": "crogfach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "grappling hook",
      "translation": "grappling hook",
      "word": "gafaelfach"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "hinge"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "owl",
        "3": "bach"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Welsh bach",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*bakkos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bakkos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bak-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bak-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh bach, from Proto-Celtic *bakkos, from Proto-Indo-European *bak-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bachau",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bachyn",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bach",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fach",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mach",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "bachau",
        "dim": "bachyn"
      },
      "expansion": "bach m (plural bachau, diminutive bachyn)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "curly bracket",
      "translation": "curly bracket",
      "word": "bach cyrliog"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bach petryal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "square bracket",
      "translation": "square bracket",
      "word": "bach sgwâr"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "bracket, parenthesis",
      "translation": "bracket, parenthesis",
      "word": "cromfach"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hook"
      ],
      "id": "en-bach-cy-noun-Bkgpi0i-",
      "links": [
        [
          "hook",
          "hook"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 17 7 14 16 4 28 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hinge"
      ],
      "id": "en-bach-cy-noun-dwbDyU1f",
      "links": [
        [
          "hinge",
          "hinge"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "corddyn"
        },
        {
          "word": "colfach"
        },
        {
          "word": "colyn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "cy",
          "name": "Typography",
          "orig": "cy:Typography",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bracket"
      ],
      "id": "en-bach-cy-noun-cy:bracket",
      "links": [
        [
          "typography",
          "typography"
        ],
        [
          "bracket",
          "bracket"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(typography) bracket"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "cy:bracket"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cromfach"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "media",
        "publishing",
        "typography"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baːχ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aːχ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bach"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Welsh/aːχ",
    "Rhymes:Welsh/aːχ/1 syllable",
    "Welsh adjectives",
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh masculine nouns",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
    "Welsh suppletive adjectives",
    "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "circumflex",
      "translation": "circumflex",
      "word": "to bach"
    },
    {
      "english": "toilet, loo",
      "translation": "toilet, loo",
      "word": "tŷ bach"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "bych"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh bych",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*bɨx"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *bɨx",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*biggos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *biggos",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh bych, from Proto-Brythonic *bɨx, from Proto-Celtic *biggos.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bach",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bach",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lleied",
      "tags": [
        "equative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "llai",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lleiaf",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ach",
        "comp": "llai",
        "eq": "lleied",
        "sup": "lleiaf"
      },
      "expansion": "bach (feminine singular bach, plural bach, equative lleied, comparative llai, superlative lleiaf)",
      "name": "cy-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mawr"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Welsh terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              25,
              29
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              19,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "english": "No, I'm taking the little train.",
          "text": "Na, rwy'n mynd ar y trên bach.",
          "translation": "No, I'm taking the little train.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "small, little, short"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "small",
          "small"
        ],
        [
          "little",
          "little"
        ],
        [
          "short",
          "short"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "not fully-grown or developed, young"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fully-grown",
          "fully-grown"
        ],
        [
          "developed",
          "developed"
        ],
        [
          "young",
          "young"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "insignificant, unimportant, humble"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "insignificant",
          "insignificant"
        ],
        [
          "unimportant",
          "unimportant"
        ],
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "small (of business, etc.)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lowercase (of letter)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lowercase",
          "lowercase"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baːχ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aːχ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bychan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bach"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Welsh/aːχ",
    "Rhymes:Welsh/aːχ/1 syllable",
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh masculine nouns",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
    "Welsh suppletive adjectives",
    "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "barb",
      "translation": "barb",
      "word": "adfach"
    },
    {
      "english": "picklock",
      "translation": "picklock",
      "word": "bach clo"
    },
    {
      "english": "hooked, barbed",
      "translation": "hooked, barbed",
      "word": "bachog"
    },
    {
      "english": "to hook",
      "translation": "to hook",
      "word": "bachu"
    },
    {
      "english": "meathook",
      "translation": "meathook",
      "word": "cigfach"
    },
    {
      "word": "colfach"
    },
    {
      "english": "hinge",
      "translation": "hinge",
      "word": "crogfach"
    },
    {
      "english": "grappling hook",
      "translation": "grappling hook",
      "word": "gafaelfach"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "hinge"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "owl",
        "3": "bach"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Welsh bach",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*bakkos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bakkos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bak-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bak-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh bach, from Proto-Celtic *bakkos, from Proto-Indo-European *bak-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bachau",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bachyn",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bach",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fach",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mach",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "bachau",
        "dim": "bachyn"
      },
      "expansion": "bach m (plural bachau, diminutive bachyn)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "english": "curly bracket",
      "translation": "curly bracket",
      "word": "bach cyrliog"
    },
    {
      "word": "bach petryal"
    },
    {
      "english": "square bracket",
      "translation": "square bracket",
      "word": "bach sgwâr"
    },
    {
      "english": "bracket, parenthesis",
      "translation": "bracket, parenthesis",
      "word": "cromfach"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hook"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hook",
          "hook"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hinge"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hinge",
          "hinge"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "corddyn"
        },
        {
          "word": "colfach"
        },
        {
          "word": "colyn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "cy:Typography"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bracket"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "typography",
          "typography"
        ],
        [
          "bracket",
          "bracket"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(typography) bracket"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "cy:bracket"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cromfach"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "media",
        "publishing",
        "typography"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/baːχ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aːχ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bach"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bach meaning in Welsh (6.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bach/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "bach"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "bach",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bach/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
  "path": [
    "bach"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "bach",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bach/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
  "path": [
    "bach"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "bach",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.