"ngã" meaning in Vietnamese

See ngã in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ŋaː˦ˀ˥] [Hà-Nội], [ŋaː˧˨] [Huế], [ŋaː˨˩˦] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav
Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=}} ngã, {{vi-noun}} ngã
  1. (linguistics) Short for thanh ngã. Tags: abbreviation, alt-of Alternative form of: thanh ngã Categories (topical): Linguistics
    Sense id: en-ngã-vi-noun-f5v01aXa Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [ŋaː˦ˀ˥] [Hà-Nội], [ŋaː˧˨] [Huế], [ŋaː˨˩˦] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav
Etymology: From Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁ngah (“crossroads”). Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-pro|*d₁ngah||crossroads}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁ngah (“crossroads”) Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=}} ngã, {{vi-noun}} ngã
  1. (almost always in compounds with an integer greater than 2) an intersection Synonyms (an intersection): ngã đường, giao lộ Derived forms: ngã đường
    Sense id: en-ngã-vi-noun-RrM-OKgn
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: [ŋaː˦ˀ˥] [Hà-Nội], [ŋaː˧˨] [Huế], [ŋaː˨˩˦] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav Forms: [CJK]
Head templates: {{head|vi|verb|||head=|tr=我}} ngã • (我), {{vi-verb|我}} ngã • (我)
  1. (Northern Vietnam, of an animate being) to fall on the ground while standing on it in a tripping, toppling or collapsing motion Tags: Northern, Vietnam Synonyms: , bổ
    Sense id: en-ngã-vi-verb-0ez0nqYQ Categories (other): Northern Vietnamese
  2. (Southern Vietnam, of a generally inanimate being) to collapse onto the ground and remains there for a period of time Tags: Southern, Vietnam Synonyms: đổ, sụp
    Sense id: en-ngã-vi-verb-lei-tJxg Categories (other): Southern Vietnamese, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 31 5 22 43 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 2 22 44 Disambiguation of Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header: 29 6 22 43
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: vấp, rơi
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: gục ngã, ngã đè, ngã gục, ngã lòng, ngã ngũ, ngã ngửa, ngã ngựa, ngã quỵ, ngã xuống, quật ngã, sa ngã, té ngã, vấp ngã
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gục ngã"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngã đè"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngã gục"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngã lòng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngã ngũ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngã ngửa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngã ngựa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngã quỵ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ngã xuống"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "quật ngã"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sa ngã"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "té ngã"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vấp ngã"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "我",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "我"
      },
      "expansion": "ngã • (我)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "我"
      },
      "expansion": "ngã • (我)",
      "name": "vi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vấp"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rơi"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Vietnamese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the tone as in the word ngã",
          "text": "thanh ngã",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to fall on the ground while standing on it in a tripping, toppling or collapsing motion"
      ],
      "id": "en-ngã-vi-verb-0ez0nqYQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "tripping",
          "tripping"
        ],
        [
          "toppling",
          "toppling"
        ],
        [
          "collapsing",
          "collapsing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern Vietnam, of an animate being) to fall on the ground while standing on it in a tripping, toppling or collapsing motion"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of an animate being"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "té"
        },
        {
          "word": "bổ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Vietnam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Southern Vietnamese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 5 22 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 2 22 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 6 22 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Watch out for the falling tree!",
          "text": "Coi chừng cây nó ngã!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Hey, your hanger stand has collapsed (and it's still on the ground).",
          "text": "Ê, cây móc đồ ngã mất tiêu rồi kìa.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to collapse onto the ground and remains there for a period of time"
      ],
      "id": "en-ngã-vi-verb-lei-tJxg",
      "links": [
        [
          "collapse",
          "collapse"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ],
        [
          "remain",
          "remain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Southern Vietnam, of a generally inanimate being) to collapse onto the ground and remains there for a period of time"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a generally inanimate being"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "đổ"
        },
        {
          "word": "sụp"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˦ˀ˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˧˨]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˨˩˦]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "ngã"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
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        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
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      "expansion": "ngã",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ngã",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "thanh ngã"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "vi:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for thanh ngã."
      ],
      "id": "en-ngã-vi-noun-f5v01aXa",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "thanh ngã",
          "thanh ngã#Vietnamese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) Short for thanh ngã."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˦ˀ˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˧˨]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˨˩˦]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "ngã"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*d₁ngah",
        "4": "",
        "5": "crossroads"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁ngah (“crossroads”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁ngah (“crossroads”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ngã",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ngã",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "ngã đường"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a three-way intersection; a fork",
          "text": "ngã ba",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "a crossroads",
          "text": "ngã tư",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Bảy Hiền crossroads",
          "text": "ngã tư Bảy Hiền",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the \"Dog Cage\" five-way intersection",
          "text": "ngã năm Chuồng Chó",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Cộng Hoà six-way intersection",
          "text": "ngã sáu Cộng Hoà",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an intersection"
      ],
      "id": "en-ngã-vi-noun-RrM-OKgn",
      "links": [
        [
          "intersection",
          "intersection#English"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "almost always in compounds with an integer greater than 2",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(almost always in compounds with an integer greater than 2) an intersection"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "sense": "an intersection",
          "word": "ngã đường"
        },
        {
          "sense": "an intersection",
          "word": "giao lộ"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˦ˀ˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˧˨]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˨˩˦]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
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      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "ngã"
}
{
  "categories": [
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    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Vietnamese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gục ngã"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngã đè"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngã gục"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngã lòng"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngã ngũ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngã ngửa"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngã ngựa"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngã quỵ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngã xuống"
    },
    {
      "word": "quật ngã"
    },
    {
      "word": "sa ngã"
    },
    {
      "word": "té ngã"
    },
    {
      "word": "vấp ngã"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "我",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "我"
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      "expansion": "ngã • (我)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "我"
      },
      "expansion": "ngã • (我)",
      "name": "vi-verb"
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  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "vấp"
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    {
      "word": "rơi"
    }
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    {
      "categories": [
        "Northern Vietnamese",
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the tone as in the word ngã",
          "text": "thanh ngã",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to fall on the ground while standing on it in a tripping, toppling or collapsing motion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ],
        [
          "tripping",
          "tripping"
        ],
        [
          "toppling",
          "toppling"
        ],
        [
          "collapsing",
          "collapsing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern Vietnam, of an animate being) to fall on the ground while standing on it in a tripping, toppling or collapsing motion"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of an animate being"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "té"
        },
        {
          "word": "bổ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Vietnam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Southern Vietnamese",
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Watch out for the falling tree!",
          "text": "Coi chừng cây nó ngã!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Hey, your hanger stand has collapsed (and it's still on the ground).",
          "text": "Ê, cây móc đồ ngã mất tiêu rồi kìa.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to collapse onto the ground and remains there for a period of time"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "collapse",
          "collapse"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ],
        [
          "remain",
          "remain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Southern Vietnam, of a generally inanimate being) to collapse onto the ground and remains there for a period of time"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a generally inanimate being"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "đổ"
        },
        {
          "word": "sụp"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˦ˀ˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˧˨]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˨˩˦]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "ngã"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Vietnamese verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
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        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ngã",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ngã",
      "name": "vi-noun"
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  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "thanh ngã"
        }
      ],
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        "Vietnamese short forms",
        "vi:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for thanh ngã."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "thanh ngã",
          "thanh ngã#Vietnamese"
        ]
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) Short for thanh ngã."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˦ˀ˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˧˨]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˨˩˦]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ngã"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ngã đường"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*d₁ngah",
        "4": "",
        "5": "crossroads"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁ngah (“crossroads”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁ngah (“crossroads”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ngã",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ngã",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a three-way intersection; a fork",
          "text": "ngã ba",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "a crossroads",
          "text": "ngã tư",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Bảy Hiền crossroads",
          "text": "ngã tư Bảy Hiền",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the \"Dog Cage\" five-way intersection",
          "text": "ngã năm Chuồng Chó",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Cộng Hoà six-way intersection",
          "text": "ngã sáu Cộng Hoà",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an intersection"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "intersection",
          "intersection#English"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "almost always in compounds with an integer greater than 2",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(almost always in compounds with an integer greater than 2) an intersection"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˦ˀ˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˧˨]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ŋaː˨˩˦]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-ng%C3%A3.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "an intersection",
      "word": "ngã đường"
    },
    {
      "sense": "an intersection",
      "word": "giao lộ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ngã"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ngã meaning in Vietnamese (7.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (eaa6b66 and a709d4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.