See làm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm ăn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm biếng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm bộ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm công ăn lương"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm lành"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm loạn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm lụng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm màu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm mưa làm gió"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm ngơ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm nhục"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm nũng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm ơn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm phách"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm phản"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm phép"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm phiền"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm quá"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm ruộng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm sao"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm thân"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm thinh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm thịt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm tin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm trò"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm việc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "làm vườn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quýt làm cam chịu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "việc làm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "là",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "to be; to work"
},
"expansion": "doublet of là (“to be; to work”)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-m"
},
"expansion": "-m",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "為",
"3": "",
"4": "to do; to be",
"tr": "vi"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 為 /为 (vi, “to do; to be”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𫜵",
"name": "l/vi/Hani"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵"
},
"expansion": "𫜵",
"name": "vi-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A doublet of là (“to be; to work”); see there for more. The -m \"suffix\" is of unknown function and origin. This is an innovation in Vietnamese, not found in Mường and other Vietic languages.\nFor the semantic relation, compare also Chinese 為 /为 (vi, “to do; to be”).\nMost prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: ở (“to stay; at, in”), đến (“to come; to”), tới (“to arrive; to”), lên (“to go up; onto”), vào (“to enter; in, into”), theo (“to follow; according to”), về (“to return; about”), cho (“to give; for”).\nThe Nôm character 𫜵 was unified in Unicode with 爫 (“top form of Kangxi radical #87”) up until the version 14.0 (2021). See the entry for details.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𫜵",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𪵯",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬈋",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "濫",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "lồm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, , 濫"
},
"expansion": "làm • (𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, , 濫)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, , 濫"
},
"expansion": "làm • (𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, , 濫)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 18 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to do exercises; to do homework",
"text": "làm bài tập",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do"
],
"id": "en-làm-vi-verb-IXZV9I3e",
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 18 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to build a house",
"text": "làm nhà",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make"
],
"id": "en-làm-vi-verb-akNDa9RO",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 18 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to act as if they do not know each other.",
"text": "làm như không quen biết",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to act"
],
"id": "en-làm-vi-verb-BSot66Nx",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 18 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to go to work",
"text": "đi làm",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to work for the government",
"text": "làm nhà nước",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to work for a private company",
"text": "làm tư nhân",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work"
],
"id": "en-làm-vi-verb-HOHGnaBv",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 18 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 14 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "What kind of person are you!?",
"literal_meaning": "Being a human, who'd do something like that?",
"text": "Làm người ai làm thế!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
26,
32
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"english": "When I grow up, I want to become a doctor.",
"text": "Lớn lên con muốn làm bác sĩ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
40,
46
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
],
[
27,
30
]
],
"english": "You're not a good example for your kid(s) as a father/mother.",
"literal_meaning": "Being a father/mother, you don't at all act as a role model for your kid(s).",
"text": "Ông/Bà làm cha/mẹ mà chẳng làm gương cho con.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
79,
85
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
131,
137
]
],
"english": "the Party holds the leadership, the State exercises management, and the people act as the master (translation by VietnamPlus)",
"text": "Đảng lãnh đạo, nhà nước quản lý, nhân dân làm chủ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
],
[
13,
16
],
[
22,
25
],
[
35,
38
],
[
175,
178
],
[
188,
191
],
[
197,
200
],
[
210,
213
],
[
220,
223
]
],
"english": "What kind of man are you? What kind?\nThere's nothing to say, words fail me.\nHow could you change like that? I have nothing left.\nYou forgot my feelings in pursuit of money and fame.\nWhat kind of man are you? What kind?\nWhy would you do that? Is it because I can give you nothing more?\nI don't trust you any more, I don't trust men any more!\nOne day you'll end up there, where I am right now.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Nguyên Chấn Phong, “Làm người ai làm thế [What Kind of Man Are You?]”:",
"text": "Làm người ai làm thế, làm người ai làm thế !\nChẳng còn chi để nói bởi chính tôi đã cạn lời.\nSao anh nỡ đổi thay ? Tôi không còn gì nữa đâu.\nLợi danh anh đã quên mất tình tôi.\nLàm người ai làm thế, làm người ai làm thế !\nLàm vậy chi người hỡi ? Chẳng lẽ tôi không còn gì.\nKhông tin anh nữa đâu, không tin đàn ông đâu !\nRồi sẽ có lúc anh cũng thế, giống như tôi giờ đây.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be, to become, to act as, to serve as, to behave as"
],
"id": "en-làm-vi-verb-kBDO4igD",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be#English"
],
[
"become",
"become#English"
],
[
"act",
"act#English"
],
[
"serve",
"serve#English"
],
[
"behave",
"behave#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[laːm˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[laːm˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[laːm˨˩]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"ipa": "[lɑm˧˩]",
"note": "Quảng Nam"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-làm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-làm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mần"
}
],
"word": "làm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "là",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "to be; to work"
},
"expansion": "doublet of là (“to be; to work”)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-m"
},
"expansion": "-m",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "為",
"3": "",
"4": "to do; to be",
"tr": "vi"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 為 /为 (vi, “to do; to be”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𫜵",
"name": "l/vi/Hani"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵"
},
"expansion": "𫜵",
"name": "vi-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A doublet of là (“to be; to work”); see there for more. The -m \"suffix\" is of unknown function and origin. This is an innovation in Vietnamese, not found in Mường and other Vietic languages.\nFor the semantic relation, compare also Chinese 為 /为 (vi, “to do; to be”).\nMost prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: ở (“to stay; at, in”), đến (“to come; to”), tới (“to arrive; to”), lên (“to go up; onto”), vào (“to enter; in, into”), theo (“to follow; according to”), về (“to return; about”), cho (“to give; for”).\nThe Nôm character 𫜵 was unified in Unicode with 爫 (“top form of Kangxi radical #87”) up until the version 14.0 (2021). See the entry for details.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lồm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "làm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "làm",
"name": "vi-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 18 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
23
]
],
"english": "to break one's knowledge down into separate parts for easy learning.",
"text": "phân chia kiến thức làm nhiều mảng riêng để dễ tiếp thu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"into"
],
"id": "en-làm-vi-prep-a4R6DtCy",
"links": [
[
"into",
"into"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[laːm˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[laːm˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[laːm˨˩]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"ipa": "[lɑm˧˩]",
"note": "Quảng Nam"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-làm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-làm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "làm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese prepositions",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "làm ăn"
},
{
"word": "làm biếng"
},
{
"word": "làm bộ"
},
{
"word": "làm công ăn lương"
},
{
"word": "làm lành"
},
{
"word": "làm loạn"
},
{
"word": "làm lụng"
},
{
"word": "làm màu"
},
{
"word": "làm mưa làm gió"
},
{
"word": "làm ngơ"
},
{
"word": "làm nhục"
},
{
"word": "làm nũng"
},
{
"word": "làm ơn"
},
{
"word": "làm phách"
},
{
"word": "làm phản"
},
{
"word": "làm phép"
},
{
"word": "làm phiền"
},
{
"word": "làm quá"
},
{
"word": "làm ruộng"
},
{
"word": "làm sao"
},
{
"word": "làm thân"
},
{
"word": "làm thinh"
},
{
"word": "làm thịt"
},
{
"word": "làm tin"
},
{
"word": "làm trò"
},
{
"word": "làm việc"
},
{
"word": "làm vườn"
},
{
"word": "quýt làm cam chịu"
},
{
"word": "việc làm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "là",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "to be; to work"
},
"expansion": "doublet of là (“to be; to work”)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-m"
},
"expansion": "-m",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "為",
"3": "",
"4": "to do; to be",
"tr": "vi"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 為 /为 (vi, “to do; to be”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𫜵",
"name": "l/vi/Hani"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵"
},
"expansion": "𫜵",
"name": "vi-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A doublet of là (“to be; to work”); see there for more. The -m \"suffix\" is of unknown function and origin. This is an innovation in Vietnamese, not found in Mường and other Vietic languages.\nFor the semantic relation, compare also Chinese 為 /为 (vi, “to do; to be”).\nMost prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: ở (“to stay; at, in”), đến (“to come; to”), tới (“to arrive; to”), lên (“to go up; onto”), vào (“to enter; in, into”), theo (“to follow; according to”), về (“to return; about”), cho (“to give; for”).\nThe Nôm character 𫜵 was unified in Unicode with 爫 (“top form of Kangxi radical #87”) up until the version 14.0 (2021). See the entry for details.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𫜵",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𪵯",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬈋",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "濫",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "lồm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, , 濫"
},
"expansion": "làm • (𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, , 濫)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, , 濫"
},
"expansion": "làm • (𫜵, 𪵯, 𬈋, , 濫)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to do exercises; to do homework",
"text": "làm bài tập",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do"
],
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to build a house",
"text": "làm nhà",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to act as if they do not know each other.",
"text": "làm như không quen biết",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to act"
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to go to work",
"text": "đi làm",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to work for the government",
"text": "làm nhà nước",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to work for a private company",
"text": "làm tư nhân",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Requests for date",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "What kind of person are you!?",
"literal_meaning": "Being a human, who'd do something like that?",
"text": "Làm người ai làm thế!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
26,
32
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"english": "When I grow up, I want to become a doctor.",
"text": "Lớn lên con muốn làm bác sĩ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
40,
46
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
],
[
27,
30
]
],
"english": "You're not a good example for your kid(s) as a father/mother.",
"literal_meaning": "Being a father/mother, you don't at all act as a role model for your kid(s).",
"text": "Ông/Bà làm cha/mẹ mà chẳng làm gương cho con.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
79,
85
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
131,
137
]
],
"english": "the Party holds the leadership, the State exercises management, and the people act as the master (translation by VietnamPlus)",
"text": "Đảng lãnh đạo, nhà nước quản lý, nhân dân làm chủ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
3
],
[
13,
16
],
[
22,
25
],
[
35,
38
],
[
175,
178
],
[
188,
191
],
[
197,
200
],
[
210,
213
],
[
220,
223
]
],
"english": "What kind of man are you? What kind?\nThere's nothing to say, words fail me.\nHow could you change like that? I have nothing left.\nYou forgot my feelings in pursuit of money and fame.\nWhat kind of man are you? What kind?\nWhy would you do that? Is it because I can give you nothing more?\nI don't trust you any more, I don't trust men any more!\nOne day you'll end up there, where I am right now.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Nguyên Chấn Phong, “Làm người ai làm thế [What Kind of Man Are You?]”:",
"text": "Làm người ai làm thế, làm người ai làm thế !\nChẳng còn chi để nói bởi chính tôi đã cạn lời.\nSao anh nỡ đổi thay ? Tôi không còn gì nữa đâu.\nLợi danh anh đã quên mất tình tôi.\nLàm người ai làm thế, làm người ai làm thế !\nLàm vậy chi người hỡi ? Chẳng lẽ tôi không còn gì.\nKhông tin anh nữa đâu, không tin đàn ông đâu !\nRồi sẽ có lúc anh cũng thế, giống như tôi giờ đây.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be, to become, to act as, to serve as, to behave as"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be#English"
],
[
"become",
"become#English"
],
[
"act",
"act#English"
],
[
"serve",
"serve#English"
],
[
"behave",
"behave#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[laːm˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[laːm˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[laːm˨˩]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"ipa": "[lɑm˧˩]",
"note": "Quảng Nam"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-làm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-làm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mần"
}
],
"word": "làm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese prepositions",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "là",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "to be; to work"
},
"expansion": "doublet of là (“to be; to work”)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-m"
},
"expansion": "-m",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "為",
"3": "",
"4": "to do; to be",
"tr": "vi"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 為 /为 (vi, “to do; to be”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "𫜵",
"name": "l/vi/Hani"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𫜵"
},
"expansion": "𫜵",
"name": "vi-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A doublet of là (“to be; to work”); see there for more. The -m \"suffix\" is of unknown function and origin. This is an innovation in Vietnamese, not found in Mường and other Vietic languages.\nFor the semantic relation, compare also Chinese 為 /为 (vi, “to do; to be”).\nMost prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: ở (“to stay; at, in”), đến (“to come; to”), tới (“to arrive; to”), lên (“to go up; onto”), vào (“to enter; in, into”), theo (“to follow; according to”), về (“to return; about”), cho (“to give; for”).\nThe Nôm character 𫜵 was unified in Unicode with 爫 (“top form of Kangxi radical #87”) up until the version 14.0 (2021). See the entry for details.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lồm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "preposition",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "làm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "làm",
"name": "vi-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
23
]
],
"english": "to break one's knowledge down into separate parts for easy learning.",
"text": "phân chia kiến thức làm nhiều mảng riêng để dễ tiếp thu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"into"
],
"links": [
[
"into",
"into"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[laːm˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[laːm˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[laːm˨˩]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"ipa": "[lɑm˧˩]",
"note": "Quảng Nam"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-làm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%A0m.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-làm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%A0m.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "làm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for làm meaning in Vietnamese (10.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ",
"path": [
"làm"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "làm",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.