See -tu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-tu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "al- (“to take”) + -ın (“to take offense”) + -tı → alıntı (“quotation, citation”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ak- (“to flow”) + -ın + -tı → akıntı (“flow, current, stream”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çıt (“click or crack sound”) + -ır + -tı → çıtırtı (“clicking, cracking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mor (“purple”) + -ar (“to turn purple”) + -tı → morartı (“bruise, a purplish spot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-tı after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -tı after the vowels O / U."
],
"id": "en--tu-tr-suffix-4fYwLC78",
"links": [
[
"-tı",
"-tı#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tu/"
}
],
"word": "-tu"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-di",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-di"
],
[
"ـدی",
"دی#Old_Anatolian_Turkish"
],
[
"ـدی",
"ـدی#Ottoman_Turkish"
],
[
"ـدی",
"ـدی#Ottoman_Turkish"
],
[
"ـدی",
"دی#Old_Anatolian_Turkish"
],
[
"*-di",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-di"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ota:ـدی",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-di\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nOttoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nTurkish -tu\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Anatolian Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ـدی\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"trk-oat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ـدی\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ota\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Turkish\", \"term\" : \"-tu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tr\" }\" data-lang=\"tr\" data-title=\"-tu\">\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Proto-Turkic *-di.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ota:ـدی",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-di\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nOttoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nTurkish -tu\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Proto-Turkic *-di.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-di\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nOttoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nTurkish -tu\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Proto-Turkic *-di.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-dı",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-di",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-du",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dü",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tı",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-ti",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tu",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tü",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-tu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-tu",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "koş(-mak) (“(to) run”) → koştu (“he/she/it ran”)"
},
{
"text": "tut(-mak) (“(to) hold”) → tuttu (“he/she/it held”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past tense suffix, used when the last letter of the verb is one of the following: f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p; and the preceding vowel is either o or u."
],
"id": "en--tu-tr-suffix-~bhwrlj~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 5 7 5 5 11 5 0 0 6 5 3 3 5 6 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 5 6 4 6 11 6 0 0 6 5 4 4 4 8 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 2 4 7 5 6 12 5 0 0 7 5 3 3 5 5 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 35 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 35 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 42 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 38 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ok (“girl”) → oktu (“it was an arrow”)"
},
{
"text": "kuş (“bird”) → kuştu (“it was a bird”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in nouns to indicate that it has been seen in the past; equivalent to English was — were"
],
"id": "en--tu-tr-suffix-Hs8dFP2t",
"links": [
[
"was",
"was#English"
],
[
"were",
"were#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "koştuydu (“he/she/it had run”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reduplicated to form the pluperfect"
],
"id": "en--tu-tr-suffix-HEOHNWaf",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) reduplicated to form the pluperfect"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-muştu"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈ-tu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/"
}
],
"word": "-tu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Turkish entries with etymology texts",
"Turkish entries with etymology trees",
"Turkish entries with etymon",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish inflectional suffixes",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish suffix forms",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-tu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish links with redundant alt parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "al- (“to take”) + -ın (“to take offense”) + -tı → alıntı (“quotation, citation”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ak- (“to flow”) + -ın + -tı → akıntı (“flow, current, stream”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çıt (“click or crack sound”) + -ır + -tı → çıtırtı (“clicking, cracking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mor (“purple”) + -ar (“to turn purple”) + -tı → morartı (“bruise, a purplish spot”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-tı after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -tı after the vowels O / U."
],
"links": [
[
"-tı",
"-tı#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tu/"
}
],
"word": "-tu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Turkish entries with etymology texts",
"Turkish entries with etymology trees",
"Turkish entries with etymon",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish inflectional suffixes",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-di",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-di"
],
[
"ـدی",
"دی#Old_Anatolian_Turkish"
],
[
"ـدی",
"ـدی#Ottoman_Turkish"
],
[
"ـدی",
"ـدی#Ottoman_Turkish"
],
[
"ـدی",
"دی#Old_Anatolian_Turkish"
],
[
"*-di",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-di"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ota:ـدی",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-di\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nOttoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nTurkish -tu\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Anatolian Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ـدی\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"trk-oat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"term\" : \"ـدی\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ota\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Turkish\", \"term\" : \"-tu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tr\" }\" data-lang=\"tr\" data-title=\"-tu\">\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Proto-Turkic *-di.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ota:ـدی",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-di\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nOttoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nTurkish -tu\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Proto-Turkic *-di.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *-di\nOld Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nOttoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)\nTurkish -tu\nInherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Proto-Turkic *-di.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-dı",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-di",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-du",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-dü",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tı",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-ti",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tu",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "-tü",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "-{{{var}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-tu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-tu",
"name": "tr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "koş(-mak) (“(to) run”) → koştu (“he/she/it ran”)"
},
{
"text": "tut(-mak) (“(to) hold”) → tuttu (“he/she/it held”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past tense suffix, used when the last letter of the verb is one of the following: f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p; and the preceding vowel is either o or u."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish links with redundant alt parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ok (“girl”) → oktu (“it was an arrow”)"
},
{
"text": "kuş (“bird”) → kuştu (“it was a bird”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in nouns to indicate that it has been seen in the past; equivalent to English was — were"
],
"links": [
[
"was",
"was#English"
],
[
"were",
"were#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish dialectal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "koştuydu (“he/she/it had run”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reduplicated to form the pluperfect"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) reduplicated to form the pluperfect"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-muştu"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈ-tu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/"
}
],
"word": "-tu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -tu meaning in Turkish (6.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'a / ı'",
"path": [
"-tu"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-tu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'e / i'",
"path": [
"-tu"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-tu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'o / u'",
"path": [
"-tu"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-tu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'ö / ü'",
"path": [
"-tu"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-tu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'default'",
"path": [
"-tu"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-tu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'assimilated'",
"path": [
"-tu"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-tu",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Turkish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.