See ஞாலம் in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*ñāl-",
"4": "*ñālam",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *ñālam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*ñāl-",
"4": "*ñālam"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *ñālam",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "ഞാലം"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam ഞാലം (ñālaṁ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "నేల"
},
"expansion": "Telugu నేల (nēla)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *ñālam. Cognate with Malayalam ഞാലം (ñālaṁ). Compare Telugu నేల (nēla).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ñālam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ta-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலம்",
"roman": "ñālam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்கள்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலமே",
"roman": "ñālamē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களே",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தை",
"roman": "ñālattai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களை",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்துக்கு",
"roman": "ñālattukku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களுக்கு",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷukku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்துக்காக",
"roman": "ñālattukkāka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களுக்காக",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷukkāka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்துடைய",
"roman": "ñālattuṭaiya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களுடைய",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷuṭaiya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தின்",
"roman": "ñālattiṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களின்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷiṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தில்",
"roman": "ñālattil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களில்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்திடம்",
"roman": "ñālattiṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களிடம்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷiṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தோடு",
"roman": "ñālattōṭu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களோடு",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷōṭu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்துடன்",
"roman": "ñālattuṭaṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களுடன்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷuṭaṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தால்",
"roman": "ñālattāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களால்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்திலிருந்து",
"roman": "ñālattiliruntu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களிலிருந்து",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷiliruntu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ஞாலம் • (ñālam)",
"name": "ta-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ta-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ñāyiṟu",
"word": "ஞாயிறு"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cūriyaṉ",
"word": "சூரியன்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "katiravaṉ",
"word": "கதிரவன்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "putaṉ",
"word": "புதன்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "veḷḷi",
"word": "வெள்ளி"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cevvāy",
"word": "செவ்வாய்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cīrīcu",
"word": "சீரீசு"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "viyāḻaṉ",
"word": "வியாழன்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "caṉi",
"word": "சனி"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yurēṉacu",
"word": "யுரேனசு"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nepṭiyūṉ",
"word": "நெப்டியூன்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "puḷūṭṭō",
"word": "புளூட்டோ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ēricu",
"word": "ஏரிசு"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "—"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tiṅkaḷ",
"word": "திங்கள்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "teymocu",
"word": "போபொசுதெய்மொசு"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kalisṭō",
"word": "ஐஓஐரோப்பாகனிமீடுகலிஸ்டோ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "iyapiṭacu",
"word": "மிமாஸ்என்சலடசுதெத்திசுடையோன்ரியாடைட்டன்இயபிடசு"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ōperāṉ",
"word": "மிராண்டாஏரியல்அம்ப்ரியேல்டைட்டானியாஓபெரான்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ṭiraiṭṭaṉ",
"word": "டிரைட்டன்"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cāraṉ",
"word": "சாரன் | style=\"width: 7.1%"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "white-space: nowrap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ṭisṉōmiyā",
"word": "\" | டிஸ்னோமியா"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ta",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "ta:Astronomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ta",
"name": "Planets",
"orig": "ta:Planets",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earth, world"
],
"id": "en-ஞாலம்-ta-noun-7I0eL3Sa",
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "பார்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "ஞாலம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "ஜகம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "வையகம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "பூமி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "உலகம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "அண்டம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "லோகம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "அகிலம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "அவனி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "தரணி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "காசினி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "மேதினி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "புவி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "ஊழி"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ta",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "ta:Astronomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ta",
"name": "Planets",
"orig": "ta:Planets",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"universe"
],
"id": "en-ஞாலம்-ta-noun-MnpzgNLM",
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "பார்"
},
{
"word": "பிரபஞ்சம்"
},
{
"word": "அண்டசராசரம்"
},
{
"word": "பூச்சக்கரம்"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Ta-ஞாலம்.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/Ta-%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg/Ta-%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Ta-%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɲaːlam/"
}
],
"word": "ஞாலம்"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"Tamil lemmas",
"Tamil m-stem nouns",
"Tamil nouns",
"Tamil terms derived from Proto-Dravidian",
"Tamil terms inherited from Proto-Dravidian",
"Tamil terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
"ta:Astronomy",
"ta:Planets"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*ñāl-",
"4": "*ñālam",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *ñālam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*ñāl-",
"4": "*ñālam"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *ñālam",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "ഞാലം"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam ഞാലം (ñālaṁ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "నేల"
},
"expansion": "Telugu నేల (nēla)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *ñālam. Cognate with Malayalam ഞാലം (ñālaṁ). Compare Telugu నేల (nēla).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ñālam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ta-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலம்",
"roman": "ñālam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்கள்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலமே",
"roman": "ñālamē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களே",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தை",
"roman": "ñālattai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களை",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்துக்கு",
"roman": "ñālattukku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களுக்கு",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷukku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்துக்காக",
"roman": "ñālattukkāka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களுக்காக",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷukkāka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்துடைய",
"roman": "ñālattuṭaiya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களுடைய",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷuṭaiya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தின்",
"roman": "ñālattiṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களின்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷiṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தில்",
"roman": "ñālattil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களில்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்திடம்",
"roman": "ñālattiṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களிடம்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷiṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தோடு",
"roman": "ñālattōṭu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களோடு",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷōṭu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்துடன்",
"roman": "ñālattuṭaṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களுடன்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷuṭaṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்தால்",
"roman": "ñālattāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களால்",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலத்திலிருந்து",
"roman": "ñālattiliruntu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ஞாலங்களிலிருந்து",
"roman": "ñālaṅkaḷiliruntu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ஞாலம் • (ñālam)",
"name": "ta-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ta-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "ñāyiṟu",
"word": "ஞாயிறு"
},
{
"roman": "cūriyaṉ",
"word": "சூரியன்"
},
{
"roman": "katiravaṉ",
"word": "கதிரவன்"
},
{
"roman": "putaṉ",
"word": "புதன்"
},
{
"roman": "veḷḷi",
"word": "வெள்ளி"
},
{
"roman": "cevvāy",
"word": "செவ்வாய்"
},
{
"roman": "cīrīcu",
"word": "சீரீசு"
},
{
"roman": "viyāḻaṉ",
"word": "வியாழன்"
},
{
"roman": "caṉi",
"word": "சனி"
},
{
"roman": "yurēṉacu",
"word": "யுரேனசு"
},
{
"roman": "nepṭiyūṉ",
"word": "நெப்டியூன்"
},
{
"roman": "puḷūṭṭō",
"word": "புளூட்டோ"
},
{
"roman": "ēricu",
"word": "ஏரிசு"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"roman": "tiṅkaḷ",
"word": "திங்கள்"
},
{
"roman": "teymocu",
"word": "போபொசுதெய்மொசு"
},
{
"roman": "kalisṭō",
"word": "ஐஓஐரோப்பாகனிமீடுகலிஸ்டோ"
},
{
"roman": "iyapiṭacu",
"word": "மிமாஸ்என்சலடசுதெத்திசுடையோன்ரியாடைட்டன்இயபிடசு"
},
{
"roman": "ōperāṉ",
"word": "மிராண்டாஏரியல்அம்ப்ரியேல்டைட்டானியாஓபெரான்"
},
{
"roman": "ṭiraiṭṭaṉ",
"word": "டிரைட்டன்"
},
{
"roman": "cāraṉ",
"word": "சாரன் | style=\"width: 7.1%"
},
{
"word": "white-space: nowrap"
},
{
"roman": "ṭisṉōmiyā",
"word": "\" | டிஸ்னோமியா"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earth, world"
],
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "பார்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "ஞாலம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "ஜகம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "வையகம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "பூமி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "உலகம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "அண்டம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "லோகம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "அகிலம்"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "அவனி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "தரணி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "காசினி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "மேதினி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "புவி"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:உலகம்",
"word": "ஊழி"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"universe"
],
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "பார்"
},
{
"word": "பிரபஞ்சம்"
},
{
"word": "அண்டசராசரம்"
},
{
"word": "பூச்சக்கரம்"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Ta-ஞாலம்.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/Ta-%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg/Ta-%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Ta-%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɲaːlam/"
}
],
"word": "ஞாலம்"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ஞாலம் meaning in Tamil (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Tamil dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.