See -s in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "genitive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-s",
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "gmq-osw",
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"expansion": "Inherited from Old Swedish -s",
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"expansion": "Old Norse -s",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Danish -s",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Swedish -s, from Old Norse -s, originally the genitive singular ending of a-stem nouns. Cognate with Danish -s. The frequent use of the suffix in written and modern colloquial Swedish is possibly the result of foreign influence, either Latin or Middle Low German.",
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"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish clitics",
"parents": [],
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],
"glosses": [
"Used to form genitive phrases, attached to the last word in a noun phrase."
],
"id": "en--s-sv-suffix-mg5aSb86",
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"genitive",
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"word": "-s-"
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"expansion": "Old Norse -sk",
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"args": {
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"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -sk",
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"3": "*sek",
"pos": "reflexive pronoun"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sek (reflexive pronoun)",
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -sk, a grammaticalisation of Proto-Germanic *sek (reflexive pronoun).",
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"args": {
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],
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"english": "It is a great wealth to get to love and to be loved.",
"ref": "1995, Peter Grönvall, Maria Rådsten, Nanne Grönvall, “Det vackraste [The Most Beautiful Thing [\"thing\" from being nominalized]]”performed by Cecilia Vennersten:",
"text": "Det är en rikedom att få älska och att älskas.",
"translation": "It is a great wealth to get to love and to be loved.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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"english": "The car drives.",
"text": "Bilen kör.",
"translation": "The car drives.",
"type": "example"
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"english": "The car is (being) driven.",
"text": "Bilen körs.",
"translation": "The car is (being) driven.",
"type": "example"
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6,
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"english": "The car drove.",
"text": "Bilen körde.",
"translation": "The car drove.",
"type": "example"
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6,
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]
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"english": "The car was (being) driven.",
"text": "Bilen kördes.",
"translation": "The car was (being) driven.",
"type": "example"
},
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10,
14
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"english": "The car has driven.",
"text": "Bilen har kört.",
"translation": "The car has driven.",
"type": "example"
},
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10,
15
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"english": "The car has been driven.",
"text": "Bilen har körts.",
"translation": "The car has been driven.",
"type": "example"
},
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7,
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"english": "The pig eats.",
"text": "Grisen äter.",
"translation": "The pig eats.",
"type": "example"
},
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],
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"english": "The pig is (being) eaten.",
"text": "Grisen äts.",
"translation": "The pig is (being) eaten.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Used to form the passive voice of verbs."
],
"id": "en--s-sv-suffix-l65UK2vg",
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[
"passive",
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]
],
"qualifier": "productive",
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"(productive) Used to form the passive voice of verbs."
],
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"clitic",
"morpheme"
]
},
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"english": "I met him.",
"text": "Jag mötte honom.",
"translation": "I met him.",
"type": "example"
},
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"english": "We met up.",
"literal_meaning": "We met each other.",
"text": "Vi möttes.",
"translation": "We met up.",
"type": "example"
},
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4,
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"bold_translation_offsets": [
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],
"english": "He hit me.",
"text": "Han slog mig.",
"translation": "He hit me.",
"type": "example"
},
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"english": "We fought.",
"literal_meaning": "We hit each other.",
"text": "Vi slogs.",
"translation": "We fought.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the middle (reflexive and reciprocal) voice of verbs."
],
"id": "en--s-sv-suffix-oIjyoWLl",
"links": [
[
"middle",
"middle#English"
],
[
"reflexive",
"reflexive#English"
],
[
"reciprocal",
"reciprocal#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly unproductive) Used to form the middle (reflexive and reciprocal) voice of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"morpheme"
]
},
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
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"english": "Be careful! The horse kicks [has a disposition to kick].",
"text": "Var försiktig! Hästen sparkas.",
"translation": "Be careful! The horse kicks [has a disposition to kick].",
"type": "example"
},
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7,
11
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"english": "The dog bites [habitually].",
"text": "Hunden bits.",
"translation": "The dog bites [habitually].",
"type": "example"
},
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"english": "He pushes people a lot.",
"text": "Han knuffas mycket.",
"translation": "He pushes people a lot.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Used with certain transitive verbs, but without an object, to indicate a habitual or natural action."
],
"id": "en--s-sv-suffix-sP1wY7XS",
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[
"transitive",
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],
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"(by extension) Used with certain transitive verbs, but without an object, to indicate a habitual or natural action."
],
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"2": "en",
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},
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],
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"examples": [
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"text": "partner + -s → partners"
},
{
"text": "fan + -s → fans"
},
{
"text": "taco + -s → tacos"
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],
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"Used to form the plural form of some words, mostly loanwords"
],
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]
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"(chiefly colloquial, often proscribed) Used to form the plural form of some words, mostly loanwords"
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"word": "-sar"
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"derived": [
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"word": "ens"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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"word": "i höstas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i julas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i påskas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i somras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i vintras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i våras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-se",
"word": "i afse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-se",
"word": "i morse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-es",
"word": "alldeles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-es",
"word": "framledes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "-es",
"word": "-ledes"
}
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally from Old Swedish -s, a genitive suffix. Many of the examples are later analogically derived from each other.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-as",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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{
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"text": "söndag (“Sunday”) + -s → i söndags (“last Sunday”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to derive some adverbs from nouns or adjectives"
],
"id": "en--s-sv-suffix--pzNXM2w",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [],
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"text": "skrattande (“laughing”) + -s → skrattandes"
},
{
"english": "She went away laughing.",
"text": "Hon gick bort skrattandes.",
"translation": "She went away laughing.",
"type": "example"
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],
"glosses": [
"Used to form an adverbial participle from a present participle in -ande, -ende"
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"-ande#Swedish"
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"(colloquial) Used to form an adverbial participle from a present participle in -ande, -ende"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Danish -s",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Swedish -s, from Old Norse -s, originally the genitive singular ending of a-stem nouns. Cognate with Danish -s. The frequent use of the suffix in written and modern colloquial Swedish is possibly the result of foreign influence, either Latin or Middle Low German.",
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],
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"3": "*sek",
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sek (reflexive pronoun)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -sk, a grammaticalisation of Proto-Germanic *sek (reflexive pronoun).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with quotations",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
30
],
[
39,
44
],
[
39,
45
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
35
],
[
43,
51
],
[
46,
50
]
],
"english": "It is a great wealth to get to love and to be loved.",
"ref": "1995, Peter Grönvall, Maria Rådsten, Nanne Grönvall, “Det vackraste [The Most Beautiful Thing [\"thing\" from being nominalized]]”performed by Cecilia Vennersten:",
"text": "Det är en rikedom att få älska och att älskas.",
"translation": "It is a great wealth to get to love and to be loved.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"english": "The car drives.",
"text": "Bilen kör.",
"translation": "The car drives.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
25
]
],
"english": "The car is (being) driven.",
"text": "Bilen körs.",
"translation": "The car is (being) driven.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"english": "The car drove.",
"text": "Bilen körde.",
"translation": "The car drove.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
26
]
],
"english": "The car was (being) driven.",
"text": "Bilen kördes.",
"translation": "The car was (being) driven.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"english": "The car has driven.",
"text": "Bilen har kört.",
"translation": "The car has driven.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"english": "The car has been driven.",
"text": "Bilen har körts.",
"translation": "The car has been driven.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "The pig eats.",
"text": "Grisen äter.",
"translation": "The pig eats.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
24
]
],
"english": "The pig is (being) eaten.",
"text": "Grisen äts.",
"translation": "The pig is (being) eaten.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the passive voice of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(productive) Used to form the passive voice of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
5
]
],
"english": "I met him.",
"text": "Jag mötte honom.",
"translation": "I met him.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
3,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"english": "We met up.",
"literal_meaning": "We met each other.",
"text": "Vi möttes.",
"translation": "We met up.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "He hit me.",
"text": "Han slog mig.",
"translation": "He hit me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
3,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"english": "We fought.",
"literal_meaning": "We hit each other.",
"text": "Vi slogs.",
"translation": "We fought.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the middle (reflexive and reciprocal) voice of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"middle",
"middle#English"
],
[
"reflexive",
"reflexive#English"
],
[
"reciprocal",
"reciprocal#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly unproductive) Used to form the middle (reflexive and reciprocal) voice of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"english": "Be careful! The horse kicks [has a disposition to kick].",
"text": "Var försiktig! Hästen sparkas.",
"translation": "Be careful! The horse kicks [has a disposition to kick].",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"english": "The dog bites [habitually].",
"text": "Hunden bits.",
"translation": "The dog bites [habitually].",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
9
]
],
"english": "He pushes people a lot.",
"text": "Han knuffas mycket.",
"translation": "He pushes people a lot.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with certain transitive verbs, but without an object, to indicate a habitual or natural action."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Used with certain transitive verbs, but without an object, to indicate a habitual or natural action."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"clitic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/s/"
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 36 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish adverb-forming suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish inflectional suffixes",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms derived from English",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "en",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "English -s",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mostly from English -s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-sar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish colloquialisms",
"Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"Swedish proscribed terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "partner + -s → partners"
},
{
"text": "fan + -s → fans"
},
{
"text": "taco + -s → tacos"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the plural form of some words, mostly loanwords"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly colloquial, often proscribed) Used to form the plural form of some words, mostly loanwords"
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"colloquial",
"morpheme",
"often",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/s/"
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 36 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish adverb-forming suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "ens"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i aftons"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i fredags"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i jåns"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i lördags"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i måndags"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i onsdags"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i söndags"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i tisdags"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "i torsdags"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "inomlands"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "inrikes"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "långs"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "nyss"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "tids nog"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "tvärs"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "utomlands"
},
{
"sense": "-s",
"word": "utrikes"
},
{
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i höstas"
},
{
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i julas"
},
{
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i påskas"
},
{
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i somras"
},
{
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i vintras"
},
{
"sense": "-as",
"word": "i våras"
},
{
"sense": "-se",
"word": "i afse"
},
{
"sense": "-se",
"word": "i morse"
},
{
"sense": "-es",
"word": "alldeles"
},
{
"sense": "-es",
"word": "framledes"
},
{
"sense": "-es",
"word": "-ledes"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -s",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally from Old Swedish -s, a genitive suffix. Many of the examples are later analogically derived from each other.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-as",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "söndag (“Sunday”) + -s → i söndags (“last Sunday”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to derive some adverbs from nouns or adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish colloquialisms",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "skrattande (“laughing”) + -s → skrattandes"
},
{
"english": "She went away laughing.",
"text": "Hon gick bort skrattandes.",
"translation": "She went away laughing.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form an adverbial participle from a present participle in -ande, -ende"
],
"links": [
[
"-ande",
"-ande#Swedish"
],
[
"-ende",
"-ende#Swedish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Used to form an adverbial participle from a present participle in -ande, -ende"
],
"tags": [
"clitic",
"colloquial",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/s/"
}
],
"word": "-s"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -s meaning in Swedish (12.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Swedish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.