"कठिन" meaning in Sanskrit

See कठिन in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /kɐ.ʈʰi.nɐ/ [Vedic], /kɐ.ʈʰi.n̪ɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: Probably from the root कठ् (kaṭh, “to live in distress”). Head templates: {{sa-adj}} कठिन • (kaṭhina) stem Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-adj-mfn|कठिन|कठिना|कठिन}}, {{sa-decl-noun-m|कठिन|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|adj=1|ambig_final=|at_nom_s=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|participle=|pronominal=|r_stem_a=ā|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-f|कठिना|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|pronominal=|r_stem_a=ā|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-n|कठिन|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|adj=1|ambig_final=|at_nom_s=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|participle=|pronominal=|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}} Forms: कठिन stem [canonical], kaṭhina [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], कठिनः [nominative, singular], कठिनौ [dual, nominative], कठिना1 [dual, nominative], कठिनाः [nominative, plural], कठिनासः1 [nominative, plural], कठिनम् [accusative, singular], कठिनौ [accusative, dual], कठिना1 [accusative, dual], कठिनान् [accusative, plural], कठिनेन [instrumental, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कठिनैः [instrumental, plural], कठिनेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], कठिनाय [dative, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [dative, dual], कठिनेभ्यः [dative, plural], कठिनात् [ablative, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कठिनेभ्यः [ablative, plural], कठिनस्य [genitive, singular], कठिनयोः [dual, genitive], कठिनानाम् [genitive, plural], कठिने [locative, singular], कठिनयोः [dual, locative], कठिनेषु [locative, plural], कठिन [singular, vocative], कठिनौ [dual, vocative], कठिना1 [dual, vocative], कठिनाः [plural, vocative], कठिनासः1 [plural, vocative], no-table-tags [table-tags], कठिना [nominative, singular], कठिने [dual, nominative], कठिनाः [nominative, plural], कठिनाम् [accusative, singular], कठिने [accusative, dual], कठिनाः [accusative, plural], कठिनया [instrumental, singular], कठिना1 [instrumental, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कठिनाभिः [instrumental, plural], कठिनायै [dative, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [dative, dual], कठिनाभ्यः [dative, plural], कठिनायाः [ablative, singular], कठिनायै2 [ablative, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कठिनाभ्यः [ablative, plural], कठिनायाः [genitive, singular], कठिनायै2 [genitive, singular], कठिनयोः [dual, genitive], कठिनानाम् [genitive, plural], कठिनायाम् [locative, singular], कठिनयोः [dual, locative], कठिनासु [locative, plural], कठिने [singular, vocative], कठिने [dual, vocative], कठिनाः [plural, vocative], no-table-tags [table-tags], कठिनम् [nominative, singular], कठिने [dual, nominative], कठिनानि [nominative, plural], कठिना1 [nominative, plural], कठिनम् [accusative, singular], कठिने [accusative, dual], कठिनानि [accusative, plural], कठिना1 [accusative, plural], कठिनेन [instrumental, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कठिनैः [instrumental, plural], कठिनेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], कठिनाय [dative, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [dative, dual], कठिनेभ्यः [dative, plural], कठिनात् [ablative, singular], कठिनाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कठिनेभ्यः [ablative, plural], कठिनस्य [genitive, singular], कठिनयोः [dual, genitive], कठिनानाम् [genitive, plural], कठिने [locative, singular], कठिनयोः [dual, locative], कठिनेषु [locative, plural], कठिन [singular, vocative], कठिने [dual, vocative], कठिनानि [plural, vocative], कठिना1 [plural, vocative]
  1. difficult
    Sense id: en-कठिन-sa-adj-HkRTqYyd Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters, Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 30 15 27 28 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 34 6 29 31 Disambiguation of Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters: 34 5 41 21 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations: 34 5 41 21
  2. stiff, hard, firm
    Sense id: en-कठिन-sa-adj-l-4e90oq Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 30 15 27 28
  3. harsh, cruel, inflexible
    Sense id: en-कठिन-sa-adj-2b4jFttt Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters, Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 30 15 27 28 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 34 6 29 31 Disambiguation of Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters: 34 5 41 21 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations: 34 5 41 21
  4. violent (as pain)
    Sense id: en-कठिन-sa-adj-Lt044FKj Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters, Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 30 15 27 28 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 34 6 29 31 Disambiguation of Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters: 34 5 41 21 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations: 34 5 41 21
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: कठिनचित्त (kaṭhinacitta), कठिनता (kaṭhinatā), कठिनत्व (kaṭhinatva), कठिनपृष्ठ (kaṭhinapṛṣṭha), कठिनपृष्ठक (kaṭhinapṛṣṭhaka), कठिनहृदय (kaṭhinahṛdaya) 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kaṭhinacitta",
      "word": "कठिनचित्त"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kaṭhinatā",
      "word": "कठिनता"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kaṭhinatva",
      "word": "कठिनत्व"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kaṭhinapṛṣṭha",
      "word": "कठिनपृष्ठ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kaṭhinapṛṣṭhaka",
      "word": "कठिनपृष्ठक"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kaṭhinahṛdaya",
      "word": "कठिनहृदय"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "koṭhin",
      "word": "কঠিন"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhin",
      "word": "कठिन"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Kannada",
      "lang_code": "kn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhiṇa",
      "word": "ಕಠಿಣ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "lang_code": "ml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhinaṁ",
      "word": "കഠിനം"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "lang_code": "mr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhīṇ",
      "word": "कठीण"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "lang_code": "ta",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭiṉam",
      "word": "கடினம்"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "lang_code": "te",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhinamu",
      "word": "కఠినము"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from the root कठ् (kaṭh, “to live in distress”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "कठिन stem",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaṭhina",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनौ",
      "roman": "kaṭhinau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनासः1",
      "roman": "kaṭhināsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनौ",
      "roman": "kaṭhinau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनान्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेन",
      "roman": "kaṭhinena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनैः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभिः1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाय",
      "roman": "kaṭhināya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनात्",
      "roman": "kaṭhināt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनस्य",
      "roman": "kaṭhinasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेषु",
      "roman": "kaṭhineṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिन",
      "roman": "kaṭhina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनौ",
      "roman": "kaṭhinau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनासः1",
      "roman": "kaṭhināsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनया",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभिः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायै",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायै2",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायै2",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनासु",
      "roman": "kaṭhināsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानि",
      "roman": "kaṭhināni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानि",
      "roman": "kaṭhināni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेन",
      "roman": "kaṭhinena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनैः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभिः1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाय",
      "roman": "kaṭhināya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनात्",
      "roman": "kaṭhināt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनस्य",
      "roman": "kaṭhinasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेषु",
      "roman": "kaṭhineṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिन",
      "roman": "kaṭhina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानि",
      "roman": "kaṭhināni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "कठिन • (kaṭhina) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "कठिन",
        "2": "कठिना",
        "3": "कठिन"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "कठिन",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "कठिना",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "कठिन",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 15 27 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 6 29 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 5 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 5 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "difficult"
      ],
      "id": "en-कठिन-sa-adj-HkRTqYyd",
      "links": [
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 15 27 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stiff, hard, firm"
      ],
      "id": "en-कठिन-sa-adj-l-4e90oq",
      "links": [
        [
          "stiff",
          "stiff"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 15 27 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 6 29 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 5 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 5 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "harsh, cruel, inflexible"
      ],
      "id": "en-कठिन-sa-adj-2b4jFttt",
      "links": [
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ],
        [
          "cruel",
          "cruel"
        ],
        [
          "inflexible",
          "inflexible"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 15 27 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 6 29 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 5 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 5 41 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "violent (as pain)"
      ],
      "id": "en-कठिन-sa-adj-Lt044FKj",
      "links": [
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐ.ʈʰi.nɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐ.ʈʰi.n̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "कठिन"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kaṭhinacitta",
      "word": "कठिनचित्त"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaṭhinatā",
      "word": "कठिनता"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaṭhinatva",
      "word": "कठिनत्व"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaṭhinapṛṣṭha",
      "word": "कठिनपृष्ठ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaṭhinapṛṣṭhaka",
      "word": "कठिनपृष्ठक"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaṭhinahṛdaya",
      "word": "कठिनहृदय"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "lang_code": "bn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "koṭhin",
      "word": "কঠিন"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhin",
      "word": "कठिन"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Kannada",
      "lang_code": "kn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhiṇa",
      "word": "ಕಠಿಣ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "lang_code": "ml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhinaṁ",
      "word": "കഠിനം"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "lang_code": "mr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhīṇ",
      "word": "कठीण"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "lang_code": "ta",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭiṉam",
      "word": "கடினம்"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "lang_code": "te",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kaṭhinamu",
      "word": "కఠినము"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from the root कठ् (kaṭh, “to live in distress”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "कठिन stem",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaṭhina",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनौ",
      "roman": "kaṭhinau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनासः1",
      "roman": "kaṭhināsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनौ",
      "roman": "kaṭhinau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनान्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेन",
      "roman": "kaṭhinena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनैः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभिः1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाय",
      "roman": "kaṭhināya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनात्",
      "roman": "kaṭhināt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनस्य",
      "roman": "kaṭhinasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेषु",
      "roman": "kaṭhineṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिन",
      "roman": "kaṭhina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनौ",
      "roman": "kaṭhinau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनासः1",
      "roman": "kaṭhināsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनया",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभिः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायै",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायै2",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायै2",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनायाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhināyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनासु",
      "roman": "kaṭhināsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाः",
      "roman": "kaṭhināḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानि",
      "roman": "kaṭhināni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानि",
      "roman": "kaṭhināni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेन",
      "roman": "kaṭhinena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनैः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभिः1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाय",
      "roman": "kaṭhināya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनात्",
      "roman": "kaṭhināt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनस्य",
      "roman": "kaṭhinasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानाम्",
      "roman": "kaṭhinānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनयोः",
      "roman": "kaṭhinayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनेषु",
      "roman": "kaṭhineṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिन",
      "roman": "kaṭhina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिने",
      "roman": "kaṭhine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिनानि",
      "roman": "kaṭhināni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कठिना1",
      "roman": "kaṭhinā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "कठिन • (kaṭhina) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "कठिन",
        "2": "कठिना",
        "3": "कठिन"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "कठिन",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "कठिना",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "कठिन",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "difficult"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stiff, hard, firm"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stiff",
          "stiff"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "harsh, cruel, inflexible"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ],
        [
          "cruel",
          "cruel"
        ],
        [
          "inflexible",
          "inflexible"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "violent (as pain)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐ.ʈʰi.nɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐ.ʈʰi.n̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "कठिन"
}

Download raw JSONL data for कठिन meaning in Sanskrit (14.4kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (606a11c and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.