See vьrtъpъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vьrtъpistъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vьrtъpьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vertép",
"word": "верте́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vertép",
"word": "верте́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vértip",
"word": "ве́ртіп"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vértib",
"word": "ве́ртіб"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vĭrtĭpŭ",
"word": "вьртьпъ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vertép",
"word": "верте́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vertép",
"word": "верте́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vértip",
"word": "ве́ртіп"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vértib",
"word": "ве́ртіб"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vertebŭ",
"word": "вертебъ"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vjárcjep",
"word": "вя́рцеп"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vrĭtopŭ",
"word": "врьтопъ"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vrŭtopŭ",
"word": "врътопъ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "hole carved out of water",
"word": "vârtop"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vǎrtóp",
"word": "върто́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "hole carved out of water",
"word": "vârtop"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrǎtóp",
"word": "връто́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "вртоп"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*upas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *upas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Упа",
"3": "",
"4": "r. Upa"
},
"expansion": "Russian Упа (Upa, “r. Upa”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hydronym"
},
"expansion": "(hydronym)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hydronym"
},
"expansion": "(hydronym)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ùpė",
"3": "",
"4": "river"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ùpė (“river”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "upe",
"3": "",
"4": "spring, water"
},
"expansion": "Latvian upe (“spring, water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "veriù, vérti",
"3": "",
"4": "close, lock up"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian veriù, vérti (“close, lock up”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Georgiev (BER), probably an ancient compound word from *vьrtěti + the descendant of Proto-Balto-Slavic *upas, *upis (“flowing water”) (cf. Russian Упа (Upa, “r. Upa”) (hydronym), Вопь (Vopʹ, “r. Vop”) (hydronym), Lithuanian ùpė (“river”), Latvian upe (“spring, water”)). This etymology however fails to explain the additional meanings “garden” and “cave, depression”.\nPer Vasmer, cognate with Lithuanian veriù, vérti (“close, lock up”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*vьrtьpъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъpъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vьrtъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "turn, revolution, arc",
"translation": "turn, revolution, arc",
"word": "vortъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "rotation, arcing",
"translation": "rotation, arcing",
"word": "vьrtežь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "neck",
"translation": "neck",
"word": "vortъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "garden",
"translation": "garden",
"word": "vьrtogordъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"whirlpool (in Bulgarian)"
],
"id": "en-vьrtъpъ-sla-pro-noun-gM-vc946",
"links": [
[
"whirlpool",
"whirlpool"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cave, depression (in East Slavic, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian)"
],
"id": "en-vьrtъpъ-sla-pro-noun-wKLmcObz",
"links": [
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 13 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 11 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 25 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garden (in Old Church Slavonic)"
],
"id": "en-vьrtъpъ-sla-pro-noun-WTCj349P",
"links": [
[
"garden",
"garden"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vьrtъpъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
"sla-pro:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vьrtъpistъ"
},
{
"word": "vьrtъpьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vertép",
"word": "верте́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vertép",
"word": "верте́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vértip",
"word": "ве́ртіп"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vértib",
"word": "ве́ртіб"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vĭrtĭpŭ",
"word": "вьртьпъ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vertép",
"word": "верте́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vertép",
"word": "верте́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vértip",
"word": "ве́ртіп"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "wertep"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vértib",
"word": "ве́ртіб"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vertebŭ",
"word": "вертебъ"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vjárcjep",
"word": "вя́рцеп"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vrĭtopŭ",
"word": "врьтопъ"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vrŭtopŭ",
"word": "врътопъ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "hole carved out of water",
"word": "vârtop"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vǎrtóp",
"word": "върто́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "hole carved out of water",
"word": "vârtop"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vrǎtóp",
"word": "връто́п"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "вртоп"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*upas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *upas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Упа",
"3": "",
"4": "r. Upa"
},
"expansion": "Russian Упа (Upa, “r. Upa”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hydronym"
},
"expansion": "(hydronym)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hydronym"
},
"expansion": "(hydronym)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ùpė",
"3": "",
"4": "river"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ùpė (“river”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "upe",
"3": "",
"4": "spring, water"
},
"expansion": "Latvian upe (“spring, water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "veriù, vérti",
"3": "",
"4": "close, lock up"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian veriù, vérti (“close, lock up”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Georgiev (BER), probably an ancient compound word from *vьrtěti + the descendant of Proto-Balto-Slavic *upas, *upis (“flowing water”) (cf. Russian Упа (Upa, “r. Upa”) (hydronym), Вопь (Vopʹ, “r. Vop”) (hydronym), Lithuanian ùpė (“river”), Latvian upe (“spring, water”)). This etymology however fails to explain the additional meanings “garden” and “cave, depression”.\nPer Vasmer, cognate with Lithuanian veriù, vérti (“close, lock up”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьrtъpi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*vьrtьpъ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtъpъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "vьrtъ"
},
{
"english": "turn, revolution, arc",
"translation": "turn, revolution, arc",
"word": "vortъ"
},
{
"english": "rotation, arcing",
"translation": "rotation, arcing",
"word": "vьrtežь"
},
{
"english": "neck",
"translation": "neck",
"word": "vortъ"
},
{
"english": "garden",
"translation": "garden",
"word": "vьrtogordъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"whirlpool (in Bulgarian)"
],
"links": [
[
"whirlpool",
"whirlpool"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cave, depression (in East Slavic, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian)"
],
"links": [
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"garden (in Old Church Slavonic)"
],
"links": [
[
"garden",
"garden"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vьrtъpъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vьrtъpъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.