See tъrkati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "tarkácʹ",
"word": "тарка́ць"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tórkatʹ",
"word": "то́ркать"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "torkáty",
"word": "торка́ти"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tǎ́rkam",
"word": "тъ́ркам"
},
{
"lang": "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "tȑkati"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "trkat"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "strkati"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "turkać"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "tarchać"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "turkać"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "tarkać"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "strkať"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "starkaś"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "storkać"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*terti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *terti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tùrkti",
"3": "",
"4": "to scour, to sweep"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tùrkti (“to scour, to sweep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Vasmer presumes onomatopoeic origin. Snoj derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti, from a k-extension of *terh₁- (“to prick, pierce”) (whence Proto-Slavic *terti). Possible influenced by *tъrkъ (“sudden move, shift”). Related to Lithuanian tùrkti (“to scour, to sweep”) (obsolete), perhaps tur̃kti (“to resonate, to rasp (of sound)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tъ̀rkati",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъrkati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to rub",
"translation": "to rub",
"word": "terti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "reed",
"translation": "reed",
"word": "tьrstь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern regional Proto-Slavic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shove, to throb, to prod"
],
"id": "en-tъrkati-sla-pro-verb-WlIrYoZA",
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"throb",
"throb"
],
[
"prod",
"prod"
]
],
"qualifier": "North Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Slavic) to shove, to throb, to prod"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern regional Proto-Slavic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rub, to scrub"
],
"id": "en-tъrkati-sla-pro-verb-y6RmjkyQ",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"scrub",
"scrub"
]
],
"qualifier": "South Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Slavic) to rub, to scrub"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "tъrkati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "tarkácʹ",
"word": "тарка́ць"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tórkatʹ",
"word": "то́ркать"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "torkáty",
"word": "торка́ти"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tǎ́rkam",
"word": "тъ́ркам"
},
{
"lang": "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "tȑkati"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "trkat"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "strkati"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "turkać"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "tarchać"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "turkać"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "tarkać"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "strkať"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "starkaś"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "storkać"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*terti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *terti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tùrkti",
"3": "",
"4": "to scour, to sweep"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tùrkti (“to scour, to sweep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Vasmer presumes onomatopoeic origin. Snoj derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti, from a k-extension of *terh₁- (“to prick, pierce”) (whence Proto-Slavic *terti). Possible influenced by *tъrkъ (“sudden move, shift”). Related to Lithuanian tùrkti (“to scour, to sweep”) (obsolete), perhaps tur̃kti (“to resonate, to rasp (of sound)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tъ̀rkati",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrkajite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъrkati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to rub",
"translation": "to rub",
"word": "terti"
},
{
"english": "reed",
"translation": "reed",
"word": "tьrstь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern regional Proto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"to shove, to throb, to prod"
],
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"throb",
"throb"
],
[
"prod",
"prod"
]
],
"qualifier": "North Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Slavic) to shove, to throb, to prod"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Southern regional Proto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"to rub, to scrub"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"scrub",
"scrub"
]
],
"qualifier": "South Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Slavic) to rub, to scrub"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "tъrkati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tъrkati meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (19bd8d3 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.