See rъďa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "iržá",
"word": "іржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "rža",
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "ržá",
"word": "ржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rža",
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "aržá",
"word": "аржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "iržá",
"word": "иржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "iržá",
"word": "іржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "rža",
"word": "ржа"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "rŭža",
"word": "ръжа"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "rŭžda",
"word": "ръжда"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "rŭžda",
"word": "ⱃⱏⰶⰴⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rǎždá",
"word": "ръжда́"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "‘rǵa",
"word": "‘рѓа"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "рђа"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "хрђа"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rđa"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "hrđa"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rez"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "rzě"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "drdza"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "hrdza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "ridza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "zerz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "rez"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "zerz"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "zra"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "rza"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ja"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ja",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Morphologically *rъd- + *-ja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďę̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďę̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďę̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďejǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďę̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъďa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ja",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "rusty",
"translation": "rusty",
"word": "rъďavъ"
},
{
"english": "rust",
"translation": "rust",
"word": "zarъďь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rust"
],
"id": "en-rъďa-sla-pro-noun-Uh~lyezh",
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "ore",
"sense": "*rudъ (“red; ginger; brown”, adj.)",
"translation": "ore",
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "rusъ < *rudsъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ruměnъ < *rudměnъ"
},
{
"english": "to be red; redden",
"translation": "to be red; redden",
"word": "rъděti"
},
{
"english": "red, red-haired",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "red, red-haired",
"word": "rъdrъ"
},
{
"english": "rust",
"translation": "rust",
"word": "rъďa"
},
{
"english": "ginger",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "ginger",
"word": "ryďь"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rъďa"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "rusty",
"translation": "rusty",
"word": "rъďavъ"
},
{
"english": "rust",
"translation": "rust",
"word": "zarъďь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "iržá",
"word": "іржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "rža",
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "ržá",
"word": "ржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rža",
"word": "ржа"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "aržá",
"word": "аржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "iržá",
"word": "иржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "iržá",
"word": "іржа́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "rža",
"word": "ржа"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "rŭža",
"word": "ръжа"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "rŭžda",
"word": "ръжда"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "rŭžda",
"word": "ⱃⱏⰶⰴⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rǎždá",
"word": "ръжда́"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "‘rǵa",
"word": "‘рѓа"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "рђа"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "хрђа"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "rđa"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "hrđa"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rez"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "rzě"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "drdza"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "hrdza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "rdza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "ridza"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "zerz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "ardza",
"word": "ардза"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "hrdza"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "rez"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "zerz"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "zra"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "rza"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ja"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ja",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Morphologically *rъd- + *-ja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďę̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďę̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďę̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďejǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rъďę̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъďa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "ore",
"sense": "*rudъ (“red; ginger; brown”, adj.)",
"translation": "ore",
"word": "ruda"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "rusъ < *rudsъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ruměnъ < *rudměnъ"
},
{
"english": "to be red; redden",
"translation": "to be red; redden",
"word": "rъděti"
},
{
"english": "red, red-haired",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "red, red-haired",
"word": "rъdrъ"
},
{
"english": "rust",
"translation": "rust",
"word": "rъďa"
},
{
"english": "ginger",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "ginger",
"word": "ryďь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ja"
],
"glosses": [
"rust"
],
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rъďa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rъďa meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.