See drevьnъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "drevьnostь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dréwni",
"word": "дрэ́ўні"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drévnij",
"word": "дре́вний"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drévnyj",
"word": "дре́вный"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "drévnij",
"word": "дре́вній"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "drevl̂ĭn̂ĭ",
"word": "древл̑ьн̑ь"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dréwni",
"word": "дрэ́ўні"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drévnij",
"word": "дре́вний"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drévnyj",
"word": "дре́вный"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "drévnij",
"word": "дре́вній"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "drevĭnii",
"word": "древьнии"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "drevĭnŭ",
"word": "древьнъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "drevĭn̂ĭ",
"word": "древьн̑ь"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dréven",
"word": "дре́вен"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "dreven",
"word": "древен"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "дре̑ван"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "drȇvan"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "dréven"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "dřevný"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "drzewiej"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "drevný"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*drevľe",
"3": "*-ьnъ",
"t1": "ago"
},
"expansion": "*drevľe (“ago”) + *-ьnъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drewHís",
"4": "",
"5": "strong, robust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drewHís (“strong, robust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*triwwiz",
"3": "",
"4": "true"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dravė́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to gouge, to hollow"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dravė́ti (“to gouge, to hollow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "द्रवति",
"3": "",
"4": "to run, to flee"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit द्रवति (dravati, “to run, to flee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δρᾰ́ω",
"3": "",
"4": "to take action"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δρᾰ́ω (drắō, “to take action”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰruwás",
"3": "",
"4": "fixated, firm, stable"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixated, firm, stable”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"3": "",
"4": "firm"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“firm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*druti",
"t": "to withstand, to endure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *druti (“to withstand, to endure”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Formed from the adverb *drevľe (“ago”) + *-ьnъ, but beyond that - of disputed origin:\n* Per Vasmer, Trubachev: from Proto-Indo-European *drewHís (“strong, robust”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”) and akin to Lithuanian dravė́ti (“to gouge, to hollow”). Georgiev also relates it to Sanskrit द्रवति (dravati, “to run, to flee”), Ancient Greek δρᾰ́ω (drắō, “to take action”) from Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂-, however, Vasmer finds that comparison doubtful.\n* Per Trubachev: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Akin to Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixated, firm, stable”), Latin firmus (“firm”). Likely related to the sparsely attested Proto-Slavic *druti (“to withstand, to endure”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*drevьňь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьniji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьniji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drevьnъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dervo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "tree",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "tree",
"word": "drъvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to dare, to be bold",
"translation": "to dare, to be bold",
"word": "dьrzati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "daring, bold",
"translation": "daring, bold",
"word": "dьrzъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to hold",
"translation": "to hold",
"word": "dьržati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "formerly, ago",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"translation": "formerly, ago",
"word": "drevľe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "firm, healthy",
"translation": "firm, healthy",
"word": "sъdorvъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьnъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ancient, archaic"
],
"id": "en-drevьnъ-sla-pro-adj-Yb2H6khh",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"archaic",
"archaic"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"very old"
],
"id": "en-drevьnъ-sla-pro-adj-JtK-08wW",
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*prastarъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "drevьnъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *drew-",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьnъ"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "drevьnostь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dréwni",
"word": "дрэ́ўні"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drévnij",
"word": "дре́вний"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drévnyj",
"word": "дре́вный"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "drévnij",
"word": "дре́вній"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "drevl̂ĭn̂ĭ",
"word": "древл̑ьн̑ь"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dréwni",
"word": "дрэ́ўні"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drévnij",
"word": "дре́вний"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drévnyj",
"word": "дре́вный"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "drévnij",
"word": "дре́вній"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "drevĭnii",
"word": "древьнии"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "drevĭnŭ",
"word": "древьнъ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "drevĭn̂ĭ",
"word": "древьн̑ь"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dréven",
"word": "дре́вен"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "dreven",
"word": "древен"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "дре̑ван"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "drȇvan"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "dréven"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "dřevný"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "drzewiej"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "drevný"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*drevľe",
"3": "*-ьnъ",
"t1": "ago"
},
"expansion": "*drevľe (“ago”) + *-ьnъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drewHís",
"4": "",
"5": "strong, robust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drewHís (“strong, robust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*triwwiz",
"3": "",
"4": "true"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dravė́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to gouge, to hollow"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dravė́ti (“to gouge, to hollow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "द्रवति",
"3": "",
"4": "to run, to flee"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit द्रवति (dravati, “to run, to flee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δρᾰ́ω",
"3": "",
"4": "to take action"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δρᾰ́ω (drắō, “to take action”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰruwás",
"3": "",
"4": "fixated, firm, stable"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixated, firm, stable”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"3": "",
"4": "firm"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“firm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*druti",
"t": "to withstand, to endure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *druti (“to withstand, to endure”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Formed from the adverb *drevľe (“ago”) + *-ьnъ, but beyond that - of disputed origin:\n* Per Vasmer, Trubachev: from Proto-Indo-European *drewHís (“strong, robust”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”) and akin to Lithuanian dravė́ti (“to gouge, to hollow”). Georgiev also relates it to Sanskrit द्रवति (dravati, “to run, to flee”), Ancient Greek δρᾰ́ω (drắō, “to take action”) from Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂-, however, Vasmer finds that comparison doubtful.\n* Per Trubachev: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Akin to Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixated, firm, stable”), Latin firmus (“firm”). Likely related to the sparsely attested Proto-Slavic *druti (“to withstand, to endure”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*drevьňь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnajego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnujemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnǫjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnějemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnuju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьněji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьniji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnъjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyjixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьniji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnyję̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drevьnaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drevьnъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "dervo"
},
{
"english": "tree",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "tree",
"word": "drъvo"
},
{
"english": "to dare, to be bold",
"translation": "to dare, to be bold",
"word": "dьrzati"
},
{
"english": "daring, bold",
"translation": "daring, bold",
"word": "dьrzъ"
},
{
"english": "to hold",
"translation": "to hold",
"word": "dьržati"
},
{
"english": "formerly, ago",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"translation": "formerly, ago",
"word": "drevľe"
},
{
"english": "firm, healthy",
"translation": "firm, healthy",
"word": "sъdorvъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ancient, archaic"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"archaic",
"archaic"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"very old"
],
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*prastarъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "drevьnъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drevьnъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (17.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-09-20 using wiktextract (ea0d853 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.