"bičati" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See bičati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Denominal from *bičь (“lash”) + *-ěti. In modern descendants, inchoative variant in *-ovati is more widely attested. Onomatopoeic semantics is attested as secondary meaning of Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”), Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”). Etymology templates: {{affix|sla-pro|*bičь|*-ěti|t1=lash}} *bičь (“lash”) + *-ěti, {{cog|sl|bīčati||to squeak, to tweet}} Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”), {{cog|bg|би́цам||to make noise with one's cheeks}} Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”) Inflection templates: {{sla-conj|impf|bič-a|bič-i}}, {{sla-conj|impf|bič-a}} Forms: imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], bičanьje [noun-from-verb], bičati [infinitive], bičatъ [supine], bičalъ [l-participle], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], bičanъ [participle, passive, past], bičimъ [participle, passive, present], bičavъ [active, participle, past], bičę [active, participle, present], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], bičaxъ [aorist, first-person, singular], biča [aorist, second-person, singular], biča [aorist, singular, third-person], bičǫ [first-person, present, singular], bičiši [present, second-person, singular], bičitь [present, singular, third-person], bičaxově [aorist, dual, first-person], bičasta [aorist, dual, second-person], bičaste [aorist, dual, third-person], bičivě [dual, first-person, present], bičita [dual, present, second-person], bičite [dual, present, third-person], bičaxomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], bičaste [aorist, plural, second-person], bičašę [aorist, plural, third-person], bičimъ [first-person, plural, present], bičite [plural, present, second-person], bičętь [plural, present, third-person], bičaaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], bičaaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], bičaaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], biči [imperative, second-person, singular], biči [imperative, singular, third-person], bičaaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], bičaašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], bičaašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], bičivě [dual, first-person, imperative], bičita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], bičaaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], bičaašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], bičaaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], bičimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], bičite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], bičanьje [noun-from-verb], bičati [infinitive], bičatъ [supine], bičalъ [l-participle], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], bičanъ [participle, passive, past], bičajemъ [participle, passive, present], bičavъ [active, participle, past], bičaję [active, participle, present], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], bičaxъ [aorist, first-person, singular], biča [aorist, second-person, singular], biča [aorist, singular, third-person], bičajǫ [first-person, present, singular], bičaješi [present, second-person, singular], bičajetь [present, singular, third-person], bičaxově [aorist, dual, first-person], bičasta [aorist, dual, second-person], bičaste [aorist, dual, third-person], bičajevě [dual, first-person, present], bičajeta [dual, present, second-person], bičajete [dual, present, third-person], bičaxomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], bičaste [aorist, plural, second-person], bičašę [aorist, plural, third-person], bičajemъ [first-person, plural, present], bičajete [plural, present, second-person], bičajǫtь [plural, present, third-person], bičaaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], bičaaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], bičaaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], bičaji [imperative, second-person, singular], bičaji [imperative, singular, third-person], bičaaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], bičaašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], bičaašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], bičajivě [dual, first-person, imperative], bičajita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], bičaaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], bičaašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], bičaaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], bičajimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], bičajite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to scourge, to jab Wikipedia link: Marko Snoj Tags: imperfective, reconstruction Synonyms: *šibati, bičevati [inchoative] Synonyms (*bikati, *bicati (a-conj., possibly)): >? Bulgarian: би́цам (bícam) (english: to poke) Related terms: biti (english: to beat)
    Sense id: en-bičati-sla-pro-verb-LzMkSRtL Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ěti, Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ě-, Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ě/i-

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for bičati meaning in Proto-Slavic (12.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "би́ча",
            "t": "to jab"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča, “to jab”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal",
            "2": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal, possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča, “to jab”) (dialectal, possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete",
            "2": "superceded by <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"sh\">бичевати</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sh\">bičevati</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete, superceded by бичевати, bičevati)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, superceded by бичевати, bičevati)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "би̏чати",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: би̏чати",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: би̏чати"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "bȉčati",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: bȉčati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: bȉčati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "bīčati",
            "t": "to scourge"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: bīčati (“to scourge”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: bīčati (“to scourge”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*bičь",
        "3": "*-ěti",
        "t1": "lash"
      },
      "expansion": "*bičь (“lash”) + *-ěti",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "bīčati",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to squeak, to tweet"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "би́цам",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make noise with one's cheeks"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Denominal from *bičь (“lash”) + *-ěti. In modern descendants, inchoative variant in *-ovati is more widely attested.\nOnomatopoeic semantics is attested as secondary meaning of Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”), Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičanьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičatъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičalъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičanъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičavъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biča",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biča",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičiši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičitь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičasta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičašę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičętь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biči",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biči",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičanьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičatъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičalъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičanъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajemъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičavъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biča",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biča",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaješi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajetь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičasta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajevě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičašę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajemъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajǫtь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaji",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaji",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "bič-a",
        "3": "bič-i"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "bič-a"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bičati",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ěti",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ě-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ě/i-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scourge, to jab"
      ],
      "id": "en-bičati-sla-pro-verb-LzMkSRtL",
      "links": [
        [
          "scourge",
          "scourge"
        ],
        [
          "jab",
          "jab"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "to beat",
          "word": "biti"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*šibati"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "inchoative"
          ],
          "word": "bičevati"
        },
        {
          "english": "to poke",
          "roman": "bícam",
          "sense": "*bikati, *bicati (a-conj., possibly)",
          "word": ">? Bulgarian: би́цам"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "bičati"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "би́ча",
            "t": "to jab"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča, “to jab”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal",
            "2": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal, possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča, “to jab”) (dialectal, possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete",
            "2": "superceded by <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"sh\">бичевати</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sh\">bičevati</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete, superceded by бичевати, bičevati)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, superceded by бичевати, bičevati)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "би̏чати",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: би̏чати",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: би̏чати"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "bȉčati",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: bȉčati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: bȉčati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "bīčati",
            "t": "to scourge"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: bīčati (“to scourge”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: bīčati (“to scourge”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*bičь",
        "3": "*-ěti",
        "t1": "lash"
      },
      "expansion": "*bičь (“lash”) + *-ěti",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "bīčati",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to squeak, to tweet"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "би́цам",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to make noise with one's cheeks"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Denominal from *bičь (“lash”) + *-ěti. In modern descendants, inchoative variant in *-ovati is more widely attested.\nOnomatopoeic semantics is attested as secondary meaning of Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”), Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičanьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičatъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičalъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičanъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičavъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biča",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biča",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičiši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičitь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičasta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičašę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičętь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biči",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biči",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičanьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičatъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičalъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičanъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajemъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičavъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biča",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biča",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaješi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajetь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičasta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajevě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičašę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajemъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajǫtь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaji",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaji",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičaaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bičajite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "bič-a",
        "3": "bič-i"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "bič-a"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bičati",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to beat",
      "word": "biti"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ěti",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ě-",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ě/i-",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scourge, to jab"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scourge",
          "scourge"
        ],
        [
          "jab",
          "jab"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*šibati"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "inchoative"
      ],
      "word": "bičevati"
    },
    {
      "english": "to poke",
      "roman": "bícam",
      "sense": "*bikati, *bicati (a-conj., possibly)",
      "word": ">? Bulgarian: би́цам"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bičati"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.