See méh₂tēr in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for méh₂tēr meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*māter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *māter",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *māter (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մայր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: մայր (mayr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: մայր (mayr), genitive մաւր (mawr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mā́ˀtē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mā́ˀtē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mā́ˀtē (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*mātīr",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *mātīr (“mother”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *mātīr (“mother”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mōdēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *mōdēr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *mōdēr (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mā́tēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mā́tēr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mā́tēr (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*máHtā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máHtā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máHtā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*mātēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *mātēr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *mātēr (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms",
"2": "𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌀",
"3": "𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓𐌀",
"tr": "matura",
"tr2": "matira"
},
"expansion": "Messapic: 𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌀 (matura), 𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓𐌀 (matira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic: 𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌀 (matura), 𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓𐌀 (matira)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "ματαρ"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: ματαρ (matar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: ματαρ (matar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*mācer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *mācer",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *mācer (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-tḗr",
"alt1": "*-tēr"
},
"expansion": "*-tēr",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In older literature usually reconstructed de-laryngealized as *mātēr and explained as a combination of a nursery word *ma (“mother”) and the agentive nominal suffix *-tēr. However, Balto-Slavic forms have acute accent and require a root laryngeal and a short vowel, reflecting *méh₂- (as opposed to *mḗh₂- which would have yielded a circumflexed vowel). Also, no trace of a lengthened grade in the root can be found: in no language did Eichner's law operate (which predicts non-coloration of the *ē in *mḗh₂-tr).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tēr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂teres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂ter",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂teres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂term̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂term̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂troHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂trey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*méh₂tēr f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "méh₂ter",
"2": "méh₂tr̥",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méh₂tēr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ine-noun",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tḗr",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "ph₂tḗr"
},
{
"word": "dʰugh₂tḗr"
},
{
"word": "bʰréh₂tēr"
},
{
"word": "swésōr"
},
{
"word": "suHnús"
},
{
"word": "átta"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cedar",
"roman": "mayr",
"sense": "*meh₂ter-yḗh₂s; Old Armenian",
"word": "մայր"
},
{
"sense": "*meh₂ter-yḗh₂s",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"material"
],
"word": "materies"
},
{
"english": "forest",
"roman": "mayri",
"sense": "*meh₂ter-yeh₂; Old Armenian",
"word": "մայրի"
},
{
"sense": "*meh₂ter-yeh₂",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"material"
],
"word": "materia"
},
{
"english": "stepmother",
"roman": "mawru",
"sense": "*méh₂tr̥-wih₂; Old Armenian",
"word": "մաւրու"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mother"
],
"id": "en-méh₂tēr-ine-pro-noun-zwYi7ypm",
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ǵénh₁trih₂"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "méh₂tēr"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "ph₂tḗr"
},
{
"word": "dʰugh₂tḗr"
},
{
"word": "bʰréh₂tēr"
},
{
"word": "swésōr"
},
{
"word": "suHnús"
},
{
"word": "átta"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cedar",
"roman": "mayr",
"sense": "*meh₂ter-yḗh₂s; Old Armenian",
"word": "մայր"
},
{
"sense": "*meh₂ter-yḗh₂s",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"material"
],
"word": "materies"
},
{
"english": "forest",
"roman": "mayri",
"sense": "*meh₂ter-yeh₂; Old Armenian",
"word": "մայրի"
},
{
"sense": "*meh₂ter-yeh₂",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"material"
],
"word": "materia"
},
{
"english": "stepmother",
"roman": "mawru",
"sense": "*méh₂tr̥-wih₂; Old Armenian",
"word": "մաւրու"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*māter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *māter",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *māter (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մայր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: մայր (mayr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: մայր (mayr), genitive մաւր (mawr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*mā́ˀtē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mā́ˀtē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mā́ˀtē (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*mātīr",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *mātīr (“mother”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *mātīr (“mother”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*mōdēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *mōdēr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *mōdēr (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*mā́tēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *mā́tēr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *mā́tēr (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*máHtā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máHtā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máHtā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*mātēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *mātēr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *mātēr (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms",
"2": "𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌀",
"3": "𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓𐌀",
"tr": "matura",
"tr2": "matira"
},
"expansion": "Messapic: 𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌀 (matura), 𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓𐌀 (matira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic: 𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌀 (matura), 𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓𐌀 (matira)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "ματαρ"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: ματαρ (matar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: ματαρ (matar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*mācer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *mācer",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *mācer (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-tḗr",
"alt1": "*-tēr"
},
"expansion": "*-tēr",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In older literature usually reconstructed de-laryngealized as *mātēr and explained as a combination of a nursery word *ma (“mother”) and the agentive nominal suffix *-tēr. However, Balto-Slavic forms have acute accent and require a root laryngeal and a short vowel, reflecting *méh₂- (as opposed to *mḗh₂- which would have yielded a circumflexed vowel). Also, no trace of a lengthened grade in the root can be found: in no language did Eichner's law operate (which predicts non-coloration of the *ē in *mḗh₂-tr).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tēr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂teres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂ter",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂teres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂term̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂terh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂term̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂troHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂trey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "méh₂tr̥mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*méh₂tēr f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "méh₂ter",
"2": "méh₂tr̥",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méh₂tēr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:ine-noun",
"Proto-Indo-European acrostatic r-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tḗr",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"ine-pro:Female family members",
"ine-pro:Parents"
],
"glosses": [
"mother"
],
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*ǵénh₁trih₂"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "méh₂tēr"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.