See lubją in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lubi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lubi\nOld English: lybb, lyb\nMiddle English: libbe\nScots: lib\nEnglish: lib\nOld Saxon: *lubbi\nMiddle Low German: lubbe\n⇒ German Low German: Lübbstick\nOld Dutch: *lubbi\nMiddle Dutch: libbe, lebbe\nOld High German: lubbi, *lub, lupi, luppi\nMiddle High German: luppe, lüppe\nGerman: Luppe, Lüppe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lubi\nOld English: lybb, lyb\nMiddle English: libbe\nScots: lib\nEnglish: lib\nOld Saxon: *lubbi\nMiddle Low German: lubbe\n⇒ German Low German: Lübbstick\nOld Dutch: *lubbi\nMiddle Dutch: libbe, lebbe\nOld High German: lubbi, *lub, lupi, luppi\nMiddle High German: luppe, lüppe\nGerman: Luppe, Lüppe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lyf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: lyf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: lyf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lyf"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: lyf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: lyf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lyv"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: lyv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: lyv (dialectal), lyv (> lyvja)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "luf"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: luf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: luf (> lyva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "løv"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: løv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: løv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "lyv",
"3": "löve"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: lyv, löve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: lyv, löve"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "f pl",
"name": "g"
}
],
"text": "Helsingian: levjer f pl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌹 (*lubi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌹 (*lubi) (> 𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 (lubjaleis), 𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹 (lubjaleisei))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*lubʰ-yo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lubʰ-yo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*lubī",
"t": "herb, plant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *lubī (“herb, plant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*laubą",
"t": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laubą (“leaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut, remove, prune, separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to cut, remove, prune, separate”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lubʰ-yo-, from *lewbʰ- (“herb”), and cognate with Proto-Celtic *lubī (“herb, plant”). The root is likely equivalent to *lewbʰ- in the \"peel, break, damage\" sense (likely whence Proto-Germanic *laubą (“leaf”)), which itself has been further derived from a Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to cut, remove, prune, separate”); the semantic development would be something like \"peeled-off plant matter\" > \"herb\" > \"potion (made from herbs)\".\nThe sense of love potion is influenced by similar forms from the unrelated *lubō (“love”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lubją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lubją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lubją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lubją",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "laubą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "luftuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wort, herb"
],
"id": "en-lubją-gem-pro-noun-8XIhvaYL",
"links": [
[
"wort",
"wort"
],
[
"herb",
"herb"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"poison"
],
"id": "en-lubją-gem-pro-noun-V0Or3d36",
"links": [
[
"poison",
"poison"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"love potion"
],
"id": "en-lubją-gem-pro-noun-xi3MmFI6",
"links": [
[
"love potion",
"love potion"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlub.jɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "lubją"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic ja-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lubi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lubi\nOld English: lybb, lyb\nMiddle English: libbe\nScots: lib\nEnglish: lib\nOld Saxon: *lubbi\nMiddle Low German: lubbe\n⇒ German Low German: Lübbstick\nOld Dutch: *lubbi\nMiddle Dutch: libbe, lebbe\nOld High German: lubbi, *lub, lupi, luppi\nMiddle High German: luppe, lüppe\nGerman: Luppe, Lüppe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lubi\nOld English: lybb, lyb\nMiddle English: libbe\nScots: lib\nEnglish: lib\nOld Saxon: *lubbi\nMiddle Low German: lubbe\n⇒ German Low German: Lübbstick\nOld Dutch: *lubbi\nMiddle Dutch: libbe, lebbe\nOld High German: lubbi, *lub, lupi, luppi\nMiddle High German: luppe, lüppe\nGerman: Luppe, Lüppe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lyf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: lyf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: lyf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lyf"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: lyf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: lyf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lyv"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: lyv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: lyv (dialectal), lyv (> lyvja)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "luf"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: luf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: luf (> lyva)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "løv"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: løv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: løv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "lyv",
"3": "löve"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: lyv, löve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: lyv, löve"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "f pl",
"name": "g"
}
],
"text": "Helsingian: levjer f pl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌹 (*lubi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌹 (*lubi) (> 𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 (lubjaleis), 𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹 (lubjaleisei))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*lubʰ-yo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lubʰ-yo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*lubī",
"t": "herb, plant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *lubī (“herb, plant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*laubą",
"t": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laubą (“leaf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut, remove, prune, separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to cut, remove, prune, separate”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lubʰ-yo-, from *lewbʰ- (“herb”), and cognate with Proto-Celtic *lubī (“herb, plant”). The root is likely equivalent to *lewbʰ- in the \"peel, break, damage\" sense (likely whence Proto-Germanic *laubą (“leaf”)), which itself has been further derived from a Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to cut, remove, prune, separate”); the semantic development would be something like \"peeled-off plant matter\" > \"herb\" > \"potion (made from herbs)\".\nThe sense of love potion is influenced by similar forms from the unrelated *lubō (“love”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lubją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lubją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lubją",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lubjamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lubją",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "laubą"
},
{
"word": "luftuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wort, herb"
],
"links": [
[
"wort",
"wort"
],
[
"herb",
"herb"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"poison"
],
"links": [
[
"poison",
"poison"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"love potion"
],
"links": [
[
"love potion",
"love potion"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlub.jɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "lubją"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lubją meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.